FHIRsmith: CodeSystem/CodeSystem-who-ictm-terminology.json

FHIR IG analytics

Package	tw.gov.mohw.nricm.twcm
Resource Type	CodeSystem
Id	CodeSystem-who-ictm-terminology.json
FHIR Version	R4
Source	https://build.fhir.org/ig/nricmig/Nricm_TWCMIG/CodeSystem-who-ictm-terminology.html
URL	https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology
Version	0.1.0
Status	draft
Date	2026-08-28
Name	WHOICTMTerminology
Title	WHO傳統醫學國際標準術語(中醫)
Realm	tw
Authority	national
Description	依據 WHO 傳統中醫國際標準術語（ISBN 978-92-4-004232-2）建立，原始內容著作權屬於 World Health Organization，授權條款：CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO。本代碼系統非由 WHO 建立，WHO 不負責其內容之準確性。因原始資料無代碼版本資訊，故使用其「更新日期」作為版本資訊。本代碼系統合併 WHO 傳統中醫國際標準術語中「脈診」與「治則、治法與方藥」兩個章節之詞條，以同一份來源文件建立單一 CodeSystem，並依臨床使用情境（病人脈象、病人治則）拆分為不同的 ValueSet。
Content	complete

Resources that use this resource

ValueSet
tw.gov.mohw.nricm.twcm#current	twcm-pulsecondition	病人脈象值集
tw.gov.mohw.nricm.twcm#current	twcm-therapeuticprinciples	病人治則值集

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Narrative

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Generated Narrative: CodeSystem who-ictm-terminology

This case-sensitive code system https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology defines the following codes in a Is-A hierarchy:

Lvl	Code	Display	Definition
1	WGM2#848	切診類
2	WGM2#849	切診	A diagnostic method to feel, touch, palpate and press certain areas of the body.
2	WGM2#850	脈診；切脈	A diagnostic method to understand the condition of illness by feeling a patients’pulse and perceiving the sensations under the fingers.
2	WGM2#851	三部九候遍診法	Pulse examination on three regions of the body: the head, upper limbs and lower limbs. Each region is sub-divided into upper, middle and lower sections. Altogether they form nine pulse-taking positions.
2	WGM2#852	按診	A method to directly touch or press certain areas of the body to feel the local temperature, moistness, softness, tenderness, lumps or other abnormal changes, and thus to determine the location, nature and severity of the pathology.
2	WGM2#853	三部九候診法	A diagnostic method to feel three parts and nine depths. The three parts are head, hand and feet. Each part has three depths (heaven, earth and man), and thus there are a total of nine divisions.
2	WGM2#854	腹診	A diagnostic method to mainly press and palpate the patients’chest and abdomen to understand the condition of illness.
2	WGM2#855	三部診法	A diagnostic method used to feel three arteries: carotid artery at Renyin (ST 9), radial artery at Cunkou and dorsal artery of the foot at Chongyang (ST 42). The Cunkou area is felt for conditions of the twelve regular meridians; the Renyin (ST 9) and Chongyang (ST 42) are felt for stomach qi. Alternatively, Taixi (KI 3) is felt for kidney qi.
2	WGM2#856	寸口診法	A diagnostic method used to feel the pulse at the Cunkou area located at the medial aspect of the styloid process where the radial artery pulsates. The Cunkou area is divided into Cun, Guan and Chi positions. Each position is further divided into superficial, intermediate and deep depths. This method is known as three positions and three regions and nine positions in Cunkou area.
2	WGM2#857	指法	The positioning of the fingers in pulse diagnosis. First, to locate the Guan (medial aspect of the styloid process) position with the middle finger; then, to locate the Cun (anterior to Guan) position with the index finger and the Chi (posterior to Guan) position with the ring finger. The three fingers are slightly flexed, presenting the shape of an arc. The fingertips are kept on the same horizontal level and the pulse is felt with the palmar aspects of the fingers.
2	WGM2#858	中指定關	A doctor places the middle finger on the Guan position (the medial side of the styloid process) for pulse examination.
2	WGM2#859	總按	A method of pulse diagnosis where the three fingers are simultaneously positioned on the wrist to feel the pulse in Cun, Guan and Chi positions.
2	WGM2#860	舉、按、尋	A method of moving and exerting different finger pressures on positions for pulse examination. Lifting is to place the fingers gently on the Cunkou artery pulsation. Pressing is to exert finger pressure to reach deeper area. Searching is to gradually increase or decrease the finger pressure, moving finger contact areas to locate the best position with obvious pulsation.
2	WGM2#861	布指	Positioning of fingers in pulse examination. Generally, a doctor places the middle finger of the right hand to feel the Guan position of a patient’ s left hand, the index finger to feel the Cun position, the ring finger to feel the Chi position, and adjust the distances between the fingers according to the patient’s height.
2	WGM2#862	脈象	The pulse sensations, including such elements as the rate, rhythm, length, smoothness, tension and width.
2	WGM2#863	病脈	Pulses that are not normal or beyond physiological variations of a normal pulse.
2	WGM2#864	胃、神、根	The three main elements to distinguish deficiency from excess. A pulse with stomach qi feels relaxed, moderate and smooth. A pulse with spirit feels soft, forceful and rhythmic. A pulse with root feels forceful at the Chi position upon heavy pressure. In summary, a pulse with stomach qi, spirit and root indicates abundant stomach qi and normal functioning of qi and blood.
2	WGM2#865	五十動	When feeling the pulse, it is advisable to measure at least 50 beats to identify an abrupt or regularly/ irregularly intermittent pulse.
2	WGM2#866	指目	Refers to the area between fingertips and finger pulps, and the middle part connecting the two corners of the fingernails.
2	WGM2#867	至數	A pulse-taking terminology, referring to pulse rates in one breath (a breathing cycle). A normal pulse is 4–5 beats in one breath. A rapid pulse is more than 5 beats in one breath. A slow pulse is less than 4 beats in one breath.
2	WGM2#868	二十八脈	1) The 28 pulse conditions, namely, superficial (floating in other texts), deep, slow, rapid, slippery, hesitant, deficient, excessive, long, short, surging, feeble, tight, delayed, wiry, hollow, drumskin, soft, weak, scattered, thready, hidden, stirring, abrupt, knotted, intermittent and large (or swift). 2) The 28 meridians, including the 24 meridians of the both hands and feet, plus the Ren meridian, Du meridian, Yinqiao meridian and Yangqiao meridian.
2	WGM2#869	脈色合參	Refers to comprehensive analysis on the pulse and facial complexion. Since the condition of the pulse and the five colours share a common pathological mechanism, the combined analysis provides a more accurate diagnosis of conditions and can predict prognosis.
2	WGM2#870	脈症合參	A comprehensive analysis on the pulse and symptoms in diagnosing medical conditions. Sometimes the pulse is consistent with the symptoms, for example, a superficial, rapid pulse in a yang heat pattern or a thready, weak pulse in a deficiency pattern. Sometimes, the pulse is not consistent with the symptoms, for example, a deep, thready pulse in a yang heat pattern or a surging, large pulse in a deficiency pattern.
2	WGM2#871	舍脈從症	When there is an inconsistency between the pulse and symptoms, sometimes the treatment strategy is more based on symptoms than the pulse if symptoms manifest the pathological nature.
2	WGM2#872	舍症從脈	When there is an inconsistency between the pulse and symptoms, sometimes the treatment strategy is more based on the pulse than symptoms if the pulse manifests the pathological nature.
2	WGM2#873	脈無胃氣	A pulse that has lost its usual rhythm, frequency and evenness, manifesting as wiry, tight, hard or scattered, rootless and irregular. It is often a life-threatening sign, indicating an exhaustion of stomach qi and vital qi failure of the five zang organs.
2	WGM2#874	脈從四時；脈應四時	Physiological variations of normal pulses in four seasons. These include a mild wiry pulse in warm spring, a mild surging pulse in hot summer, a mild superficial pulse in cool autumn and a mild deep pulse in cold winter. The inconsistency or contradiction between the pulse and seasons indicates an abnormal body condition.
2	WGM2#875	春脈如弦	In spring, yang qi ascends, everything comes out of hibernation and stretches in all directions, and qi and blood within the body starts to flow outward. Hence, the pulse is wiry and straight.
2	WGM2#876	夏脈如鉤	In summer, yang qi flourishes and everything grows. As a result, the pulse is surging, large, and forceful, like roaring waves that crash onto the shore powerfully and slowly fade away.
2	WGM2#877	秋脈如浮	In autumn, yang qi starts to constrict and the pulsation decreases. As a result, the pulse is mild, superficial and comes in a rush and becomes scattered.
2	WGM2#878	冬脈如營	In winter, yang qi hides inside, and the skin pore is closed. As a result, the pulse is deep.
2	WGM2#879	陽微陰弦	Feeble yang results from yang qi deficiency of the upper jiao. Wiry yin results from excess yin cold in the lower jiao. Yin cold obstructing chest yang may cause chest bi-impediment or cardiac pain.
2	WGM2#880	格陽關陰	When the carotid pulsation feels four times stronger than normal, it is called rejected yang. It results from the three yang meridians (with overflow of qi and blood) rejecting the three yin meridians. When the radial pulsation is felt four times stronger than normal, it is called blocked yang. It results from the three yin meridians (with overflow of qi and blood) rejecting the three yang meridians. These conditions are also referred to as blockage between the upper and lower bodies.
2	WGM2#881	外關內格	Refers to radial pulsation felt at Yuji (LU 10), indicating that yang qi is blocked outside, whereas yin qi is rejected inside.
2	WGM2#882	浮、中、沉	Three levels in feeling the pulse by using light, moderate and heavy powers respectively.
2	WGM2#883	寸關尺	The three sections over the radial artery for feeling the pulse. Specifically, the Guan position is central to the styloid process at the wrist, where the tip of the physician’ s middle finger is placed; the Chi position is next to it on the distal aspect where the tip of the physicians’index finger is placed; and the Cun position is on the proximal aspect where the tip of the physicians’ring finger is placed.
2	WGM2#884	寸脈	One of the three positions at the Cunkou area: the pulsation of the radial artery felt at the radial styloid process.
2	WGM2#885	關脈	One of the three positions at the Cunkou area: the pulsation of the radial artery felt at the ulnar side of the radial styloid process.
2	WGM2#886	尺脈	One of the three positions at the Cunkou area: the pulsation of the radial artery felt at the cubital side of the radial styloid process.
2	WGM2#887	單按	A pulse diagnosis method to feel the pulse on one hand with just one finger to differentiate the conditions of Cun, Guan and Chi pulses. For example, to lift the index and ring fingers while feeling the Guan position with the middle finger.
2	WGM2#888	平脈；常脈	A pulse that can be felt at all three regions, with a frequency of 4–5 beats (60–75 beats per minute (bpm)) in one breath. It is neither superficial nor deep. It is relaxed, smooth, soft, forceful and rhythmic. It is marked by the three essential elements: stomach qi, spirit and root.
2	WGM2#889	浮脈	A pulse that can be easily felt with gentle touch but become insufficient or weak when pressing down. Often indicates an exterior pattern or yang qi deficiency.
2	WGM2#890	沉脈	A pulse that is difficult to feel with light or moderate pressure but can be felt on heavy pressure. It indicates an interior pattern. Specifically, a deep, forceful pulse indicates an interior excess pattern; whereas a deep, weak pulse indicates an interior deficiency pattern.
2	WGM2#891	遲脈	A pulse with less than 4 beats in one breath (<60 bpm). It indicates a cold pattern.
2	WGM2#892	數脈	A pulse with more than 5 beats in one breath (>75 bpm). It indicates a heat pattern. Specifically, a rapid, forceful pulse indicates an excess heat pattern; whereas a rapid, weak pulse indicates a deficiency heat pattern.
2	WGM2#893	洪脈	A pulse that is broad, large and forceful like roaring waves that crash onto the shore powerfully and slowly fade away. Often indicates an excess heat pattern.
2	WGM2#894	大脈	A pulse that is broad and can be felt on all three fingers. It indicates pathogenic factors prevailing over anti-pathogenic qi. A large, forceful pulse indicates an excess heat pattern; whereas a large, weak pulse indicates a deficiency pattern or loss of qi.
2	WGM2#895	微脈	A pulse that is extremely thin, soft and barely palpable. It may be felt and then sometimes is lost. It indicates deficiency of yin, yang, qi and blood.
2	WGM2#896	細脈	A pulse that feels thin and soft, like a silken thread. It indicates deficiency or dampness.
2	WGM2#897	散脈	A pulse that feels superficial without root. With light pressure, it is irregularly and chaotic. With heavy pressure, it is impalpable. It indicates critical conditions with dispersion of Yuan- primordial qi.
2	WGM2#898	虛脈	A pulse that is weak at all three regions, with emptiness feeling when pressed with force. It indicates a deficiency pattern.
2	WGM2#899	實脈	A pulse that is forceful at all three regions using different pressure. It indicates an excess pattern.
2	WGM2#900	滑脈	A pulse that feels smooth like pearls rolling on a dish. Beats come and go fluently and smoothly, feeling slick to the fingers. It indicates phlegm- fluid retention, indigestion and excess heat. Physiologically, it can be considered as a normal pulse. It can also be seen in healthy people or women during pregnancy, indicating abundant and harmonious qi and blood.
2	WGM2#901	澀脈	A pulse that feels stagnant and obstructive, like a knife scraping bamboo. It indicates consumption of essence, blood/fluids insufficiency, or qi stagnation and blood stasis.
2	WGM2#902	長脈	A pulse that can be felt beyond the Cun, Guan and Chi positions. It is straight from head to tail. It is straight and long like a pole. It indicates yang excess with internal heat.
2	WGM2#903	短脈	A pulse that cannot reach its location or range. It can be felt most clearly at the Guan position, more indistinct at the Cun and the Chi positions. A short, forceful pulse indicates qi stagnation; whereas a short, weak pulse indicates qi deficiency.
2	WGM2#904	弦脈	A pulse that feels straight, long and tense, like the feeling of pressing a tight string of a musical instrument. It indicates liver/gallbladder problems, pain, wind, or phlegm-fluid retention.
2	WGM2#905	芤脈	A pulse that feels superficial, large but empty in the centre, like a scallion (spring onion) stalk. It could be due to a sudden loss of blood and/or fluid causing the emptiness, resulting in severe yin deficiency and subsequent massive dispersion of yang.
2	WGM2#906	緊脈	A pulse that feels like pulling a twisted rope. It indicates a cold pattern, pain pattern or indigestion.
2	WGM2#907	緩脈	A pulse with about 4 beats in one breath (60 bpm). The beats come and go slowly. It indicates dampness, weakness of the spleen and stomach, or low ability to energize the pulse due to qi deficiency.
2	WGM2#908	革脈	A pulse that can be easily felt with gentle touch. It is superficial with an empty centre, feeling like the head of a drum. It indicates loss of blood/essence and insecurity of healthy qi.
2	WGM2#909	牢脈	A pulse that feels deep, excessive, string-taut and long. It is indistinct on light or moderate pressure but stable on heavy pressure. It indicates internal cold, perhaps hernia and abdominal masses.
2	WGM2#910	弱脈	A pulse that feels thready, soft, deep and weak. It indicates deficiency of qi and blood.
2	WGM2#911	濡脈	A pulse that is superficial, thready and can be felt with light pressure but indistinct upon heavy pressure. It indicates loss of yin blood or dampness.
2	WGM2#912	伏脈	A pulse that is difficult to feel and requires heavy pressure down to the bone. It indicates severe stagnation of pathogenic factors.
2	WGM2#913	促脈	A pulse that arrives as urgent and forceful but irregularly interrupted. It indicates excess heat, stagnation of qi, blood, phlegm-fluid retention or swelling/pain.
2	WGM2#914	結脈	A pulse that arrives unhurriedly and stops at irregular intervals. It indicates qi stagnation due to excess yin, blood stasis due to cold phlegm or deficiency of qi and blood.
2	WGM2#915	代脈	A pulse that arrives fast, and stops regularly for a relatively longer period of time. It indicates qi deficiency of the zang organs, fear or traumatic injuries.
2	WGM2#916	疾脈；極脈	A pulse that arrives swiftly and has a faster rate than a rapid pulse. It indicates acute febrile conditions, exhaustion of yin and impending exhaustion of Yuan-primordial qi.
2	WGM2#917	反關脈	A physiological variation of a normal pulse: the changes of the anatomic position of the radial artery shifts the pulse normally at the Cunkou region to the back of the wrist from the Chi position.
2	WGM2#918	斜飛脈	A physiological variation of a normal pulse: the changes of the anatomic position of the radial artery shifts the pulse normally at the Cunkou region to the dorsum of the hand from the Chi position.
2	WGM2#919	趺陽脈	A pulse located at the anterior tibial artery of the dorsum of the foot. It is also known as surging yang (Chongyang) pulse. It is used to indicate the sufficiency of the qi and blood of spleen and stomach.
2	WGM2#920	鉤脈	A pulse that feels firm, surging and large. It comes powerfully and fades away slowly. It is normal in summer.
2	WGM2#921	離經脈	A pulse with one beat or three beats in one breath. It is often seen in a pregnant woman about to give birth.
2	WGM2#922	六陽脈	One of the normal pulses: constitutional surging and large on Cun, Guan and Chi positions of both hands.
2	WGM2#923	六陰脈	One of the normal pulses: constitutional deep and thready on Cun, Guan and Chi positions of both hands.
2	WGM2#924	平息	Normal breathing frequency used in ancient times as a reference in measuring patients’breathing frequencies.
2	WGM2#925	人迎脈	The pulsation of the carotid artery, easily felt on both sides of the laryngeal prominence.
2	WGM2#926	怪脈；真髒脈；敗脈；死脈；絕脈	A pulse that has no root (stomach qi). Often occurs in later stage of critical conditions, indicating qi exhaustion of zang–fu organs and collapse of stomach qi.
2	WGM2#927	月經脈	A pulse (usually slippery) often seen in healthy menstruating women. It indicates harmony between qi and blood during the period.
2	WGM2#928	妊娠脈	A pulse characterized by slippery and rapid on the Chi positions, because the Chi position corresponds to the kidney and the uterus is associated with the kidney. A slippery, rapid pulse results from moving of fetal qi.
2	WGM2#929	相兼脈	Presence of two or more pulse conditions.
1	WGM2#2250	三、治則、治法與療法
2	WGM2#2251	3.1 治則
3	WGM2#2252	急則治標	A principle to address symptoms in acute conditions, for example, it is important to stop bleeding for heavy blood loss, to arrest diarrhoea for fulminant diarrhoea, alleviate pain for severe, intense pain and promote urination for urine retention.
3	WGM2#2253	緩則治本	A principle to regulate and reinforce the body to address the root cause when medical conditions become stable.
3	WGM2#2254	標本兼治；標本同治	A principle to address both symptoms and root cause simultaneously when needed.
3	WGM2#2255	因時制宜	A principle to use an appropriate method and medicine according to seasonal climate changes.
3	WGM2#2256	因地制宜	A principle to use an appropriate method and medicine according to geographic features.
3	WGM2#2257	因人制宜	A principle to use an appropriate method and medicine according to individual gender, age and constitution.
3	WGM2#2258	扶正祛邪；扶正達邪	A principle to reinforce anti-pathogenic qi to drive out the invading pathogenic factors. It is indicated for deficiency of anti-pathogenic qi coupled with exposure to pathogenic factors.
3	WGM2#2259	扶正固本；扶正培本	A principle to reinforce anti-pathogenic qi to speed up recovery. It is indicated for deficiency of anti-pathogenic qi.
3	WGM2#2260	祛邪扶正；祛邪安正	A principle to drive out the invading pathogenic factors, supplemented by reinforcing anti- pathogenic qi. It is indicated for excessive pathogenic factors with insufficiency of anti- pathogenic qi.
3	WGM2#2261	攻補兼施	A principle to reinforce anti-pathogenic qi and, at the same time, remove pathogenic factors. It is indicated for excessive pathogenic factors coupled with deficiency of healthy qi.
3	WGM2#2262	先攻後補	A principle to remove the invading pathogenic factors, followed by reinforcing anti-pathogenic qi. It is indicated for deficiency of healthy qi coupled with acute conditions that require immediate removal of pathogenic factors.
3	WGM2#2263	先補後攻	A principle to reinforce healthy qi, followed by removing the invading pathogenic factors. It is indicated for acute conditions that require immediate removal of pathogneic factors coupled with deficiency of healthy qi.
3	WGM2#2264	正治法；逆治法	A principle to use medicines opposite in nature to the disease, for example, to treat heat pattern with medicines cold in nature, treat cold pattern with medicine hot in nature, treat excess pattern with purgative/reducing medicines and treat deficiency pattern with tonic medicines.
3	WGM2#2265	寒者熱之	A principle to treat cold conditions with medicines or formulas that are warm or hot in nature.
3	WGM2#2266	熱者寒之	A principle to treat heat conditions with medicines or formulas that are cool or cold in nature.
3	WGM2#2267	虛則補之	A principle to treat deficiency conditions with tonic medicines or formulas.
3	WGM2#2268	實則瀉之	A principle to treat excess conditions with medicines or formulas that are purgative or reducing in nature.
3	WGM2#2269	反治法；從治法	A principle to address false signs or symptoms in extreme conditions such as extreme cold or heat. Under such conditions, it is necessary to use medicines similar in nature to the disease (i.e. follow the false symptoms), for example, to treat false heat with heat or treat false cold with cold.
3	WGM2#2270	寒因寒用	A principle to treat false cold (true heat) symptoms with medicines cool or cold in nature.
3	WGM2#2271	熱因熱用	A principle to treat false heat (true cold) symptoms with medicines warm or hot in nature.
3	WGM2#2272	通因通用	A principle to treat food stagnation-related vomiting and diarrhoea or uterine bleeding due to blood stasis with purgative or stasis-unblocking medicines or formulas.
3	WGM2#2273	調理陰陽；調平陰陽；調整陰陽	A principle to restore yin-yang equilibrium through medicines, food, emotions or reinforcing/ reducing needling techniques.
3	WGM2#2274	從陰引陽；陰中求陽	This is originally a needling method to puncture yin meridians for problems of yang meridians. Later, this method has been developed into a treatment principle based on interdependence between yin and yang: to add some yin-nourishing medicines to yang-reinforcing formulas to assist the transformation of yang qi.
3	WGM2#2275	從陽引陰；陽中求陰	This is originally a needling method to puncture yang meridians for problems of yin meridians. Later, this method has been developed into a principle based on interdependence between yin and yang: to add some yang-reinforcing medicines to yin-nourishing formulas to assist the generation of yin qi.
3	WGM2#2276	虛者補其母；虛則補其母	A principle to treat deficiency of zang–fu organs based on the five-element theory. For example, since (spleen) earth promotes (lung) metal, lung deficiency can be treated by reinforcing the spleen and stomach.
3	WGM2#2277	實者瀉其子；實則瀉其子	A principle to treat excess of zang–fu organs based on the five-element theory. For example, since (heart) fire promotes (spleen earth), hyperactivity of heart fire can be treated by reducing the spleen and stomach.
3	WGM2#2278	異病同治	A principle to use same treatment for different diseases that share the same pathogenesis.
3	WGM2#2279	同病異治	A principle to use different treatments for the same disease caused by different etiological factors; or a principle to treat the same disease according to differences in individuality, time, geographic features, disease severity, differentiated patterns, and ongoing struggle between anti-pathogenic qi and pathogenic factors.
3	WGM2#2280	先表後裡	A principle to treat an exterior pattern before an interior pattern. It applies to a severe exterior pattern but mild interior pattern in concurrent exterior and interior pattern. This principle aims to prevent pathogenic factors in the exterior from entering the interior.
2	WGM2#2281	3.2 治法
3	WGM2#2282	解表法；發表法	Methods to release the exterior
3	WGM2#2283	辛溫解表；辛溫發汗；發表散寒	A treatment method to remove wind and dissipate cold with pungent, warm medicines or formulas. It is indicated for wind cold exterior pattern.
3	WGM2#2284	辛涼解表；辛涼透表；疏散風熱	A treatment method to remove wind and clear heat with pungent, cool medicines or formulas. It is indicated for wind heat exterior pattern.
3	WGM2#2285	辛涼清熱；解表清熱	A treatment method to clear heat in the exterior. It is indicated for patterns involving both the Wei- defence and qi phases.
3	WGM2#2286	疏邪解表；疏邪透表	A method to remove pathogenic factors in the exterior. It is indicated for excess exterior pattern.
3	WGM2#2287	疏風透疹；解表透疹	A treatment method to remove wind and promote skin eruption through formulas or external therapies. It is often indicated for measles or rubella.
3	WGM2#2288	解表通經	A treatment method to remove pathogenic factors in the exterior and unblock meridian qi through formulas, tuina or external therapies. It is indicated for external pathogenic factors impairing the meridian qi.
3	WGM2#2289	解表宣肺	A treatment method to remove pathogenic factors in the exterior and disperse lung qi. It is indicated for wind warmth or wind cold attacking the lung.
3	WGM2#2290	調和營衛	A treatment method to coordinate between Ying nutrients and Wei-defence through removing wind and nourishing yin. It is indicated for disorders due to disharmony between the Ying nutrients and Wei-defence.
3	WGM2#2291	祛濕解表	A treatment method to remove pathogenic factors in the exterior and resolve dampness with aroma. It is indicated for wind dampness affecting the exterior.
3	WGM2#2292	理氣解表	A treatment method to release the exterior and regulate qi. It is indicated for pathogenic factors affecting the exterior coupled with qi stagnation.
3	WGM2#2293	扶正解表	A treatment method to release the exterior and reinforce the healthy qi. It is indicated for deficiency of qi, blood, yin and yang coupled with external pathogenic factors affecting the exterior.
3	WGM2#2294	益氣解表；補氣解表	A treatment method to release the exterior and tonifyqi. It is indicated for exterior pattern coupled with qi deficiency.
3	WGM2#2295	湧吐法	Treatment methods to irritate the throat with medicine or tools to induce vomiting. The purpose is to expel harmful substances out of the body.
3	WGM2#2296	湧吐痰涎	A treatment method to induce vomiting to eliminate phlegm. It is indicated for exuberant, turbid phlegm affecting the upper or middle jiao.
3	WGM2#2297	湧吐風痰	A treatment method to induce vomiting to eliminate wind phlegm. It is indicated for wind phlegm affecting the upper part of the body.
3	WGM2#2298	湧吐痰食	A treatment method to induce vomiting to eliminate stagnant phlegm and food. It is indicated for phlegm intertwined with undigested food.
3	WGM2#2299	湧吐宿食	A treatment method to induce vomiting to eliminate undigested food. It is indicated for food retention in the stomach.
3	WGM2#2300	開關湧吐；湧吐開關	A treatment method to induce vomiting to unblock and resuscitate. It is indicated for exuberant, turbid phlegm disturbing the heart mind.
3	WGM2#2301	攻下法；攻裡法	Treatment methods to clear interior heat, retained water or stagnant blood.
3	WGM2#2302	清熱攻下；瀉火攻下；瀉火通腑；瀉火通便；清熱通腑；清熱通便；苦寒攻下；峻下熱結	A treatment method to clear heat, reduce fire and unblock the bowel. It is indicated for heat accumulating in the large intestine.
3	WGM2#2303	瀉結行滯	A treatment method to combine purgative and qi-circulating medicines. It is indicated for conditions due to constipation due to heat and qi stagnation.
3	WGM2#2304	溫下實寒	A treatment method to combine purgative, yang- warming and cold-dissipating medicines. It is indicated for conditions due to excessive cold retention.
3	WGM2#2305	潤燥通便；潤腸通便；增液通下；滋陰通下	A treatment method to combine purgative, fluid- generating and dryness-moistening medicines. It is indicated for constipation due to intestinal dryness or yin deficiency.
3	WGM2#2306	益氣通下；益氣通便	A treatment method to supplement qi to promote bowel movements. It is indicated for constipation due to qi deficiency.
3	WGM2#2307	溫陽通便；溫陽通下	A treatment method to combine purgative, yang- warming and cold-dissipating medicines. It is indicated for constipation due to (yang) deficiency cold.
3	WGM2#2308	潤腸泄熱	A treatment method to combine purgative, ying- nourishing, dryness-moistening and heat-clearing medicines. It is indicated for conditions due to heat retention and intestinal dryness.
3	WGM2#2309	軟堅潤燥	A treatment method to use medicines to soften hardness and moisten dryness. It is indicated for conditions due to dryness resulting from fluid insufficiency.
3	WGM2#2310	瀉下逐水；攻下逐水；	A treatment method to use purgative medicines to resolve water retention. It is indicated for conditions due to internal retention of water fluid.
3	WGM2#2311	急下存陰	A treatment method to conduct urgent purgation to preserve yin fluids. It is indicated for febrile disease with dry heat consuming yin fluids.
3	WGM2#2312	表裡雙解法	Treatment methods to remove pathogenic factors in both the exterior and interior.
3	WGM2#2313	解表攻裡；發表攻裡；發表攻下；解表攻下	A treatment method to combine purgative and exterior-releasing medicines. It is indicated for excess pattern involving both the exterior and interior.
3	WGM2#2314	解表清裡	A treatment method to combine exterior-releasing and interior-clearing medicines. It is indicated for exterior–interior heat pattern or exterior cold with interior heat pattern.
3	WGM2#2315	解表溫裡；發汗溫裡	A treatment method to use medicines to induce sweating, release the exterior, warm the interior and dissipate cold. It is indicated for exterior- interior cold pattern or exterior heat with interior cold pattern.
3	WGM2#2316	和解法	Treatment methods to harmonize and release pathogenic factors affecting Shaoyang or coordinate functions of the zang–fu organs.
3	WGM2#2317	和解表裡	A treatment method to use medicines that are neutral in property to harmonize between the exterior and interior. It is indicated for mild conditions involving both the exterior and interior.
3	WGM2#2318	調和肝脾；調理肝脾	A treatment method to soothe the liver, fortify the spleen and regulate qi activity to harmonize between the liver and spleen. It is indicated or liver qi stagnation with spleen deficiency or liver hyperactivity with spleen deficiency.
3	WGM2#2319	疏肝和胃	A treatment method to regulate qi activity of the liver and stomach to harmonize between the liver and stomach. It is indicated for conditions due to qi stagnation of the liver and stomach or disharmony between the liver and stomach.
3	WGM2#2320	調理腸胃；調和腸胃	A treatment method to regulate qi activity of the stomach and intestines to harmonize between the stomach and intestines. It is indicated for conditions due to qi stagnation of the stomach and intestines.
3	WGM2#2321	調理脾胃；調和脾胃	A treatment method to regulate qi activity of the spleen and stomach to harmonize between the spleen and stomach. It is indicated for conditions due to disharmony between the spleen and stomach.
3	WGM2#2322	調和氣血；調理氣血；理氣和血	A treatment method to use qi-regulating and blood-circulating formulas. It is indicated for conditions due to disharmony between qi and blood.
3	WGM2#2323	調氣和營	A treatment method to use medicines to regulate qi and harmonize the Ying nutrients. It is indicated for conditions due to disharmony between qi and Ying nutrients.
3	WGM2#2324	平調寒熱；調和寒熱	A treatment method to use neutral-property medicines to clear heat and remove cold. It is indicated for conditions due to disharmony between (yin) cold and (yang) heat.
3	WGM2#2325	分消走泄	A treatment method to induce urination and promote bowel movements to eliminate pathogenic factors.
3	WGM2#2326	分消上下	A treatment method to use medicines to induce vomiting, eliminate phlegm and promote bladder or bowel movements to separately eliminate pathogenic factors.
3	WGM2#2327	表裡分消	A treatment method to use medicines to release the exterior and clear interior excess to separately eliminate pathogenic factors from the exterior and interior.
3	WGM2#2328	調理沖任；調攝沖任	A treatment method to use formulas to regulate qi and blood of the Chong and Ren. It is indicated for conditions due to disharmony between the Chong and Ren.
3	WGM2#2329	清熱法	Treatment methods to clear excess or deficiency heat
3	WGM2#2330	清熱瀉火；清熱降火；苦寒清熱	A treatment method to use formulas that are cold in property and bitter in taste to clear heat and reduce fire. It is indicated for conditions due to exuberant fire-heat.
3	WGM2#2331	辛寒清熱；辛寒清氣	A treatment method to use formulas that are pungent cold in taste and cold in property to clear and disperse heat. It is indicated for qi phase pattern, pattern of both Wei-defence and qi phases or interior heat moving out to the exterior.
3	WGM2#2332	清熱解毒；泄熱解毒；泄熱敗毒；清熱敗毒；清火解毒；清瀉火毒	A treatment method to clear heat and reduce fire to remove toxins. It is indicated for toxic fire, migratory toxic fire or toxic fire entering the collaterals.
3	WGM2#2333	清熱涼血；清氣涼血	A treatment method to use formulas to clear heat and cool blood. It is indicated for blazing of both qi and blood and blood phase pattern.
3	WGM2#2334	清營涼血	A treatment method to clear heat in the Ying nutrients and cool blood. It is indicated for conditions due to heat entering the Ying nutrients and blood.
3	WGM2#2335	清宣鬱熱；清泄鬱熱；清泄鬱火；清宣鬱火；解鬱泄熱；清熱除煩；清心除煩	A treatment method to clear heat, reduce fire and alleviate vexation. It is indicated for qi stagnation transforming into fire or heat disturbing the heart mind.
3	WGM2#2336	清瀉虛熱；清瀉虛火	A treatment method to clear heat and nourish yin. It is indicated for internal heat due to yin deficiency.
3	WGM2#2337	清泄裡熱；清泄臟腑	A treatment method to clear heat of the zang–fu organs. It is indicated for excess heat in the zang– fu organs.
3	WGM2#2338	清心瀉火；清心泄熱	A treatment method to clear the heart and reduce fire. It is indicated for conditions due to exuberance of heart fire.
3	WGM2#2339	清熱瀉肺	A treatment method to clear lung heat. It is indicated for conditions due to exuberance of lung heat.
3	WGM2#2340	清胃泄熱；清胃降火；清胃降熱；清胃泄火	A treatment method to clear stomach fire. It is indicated for conditions due to exuberance of stomach fire.
3	WGM2#2341	清脾泄熱；清脾瀉火；清泄脾胃伏火	A treatment method to clear fire heat of the spleen and stomach. It is indicated for excess heat in the spleen and stomach.
3	WGM2#2342	清肝泄火；清肝瀉火；清肝瀉熱；清肝泄熱	A treatment method to clear fire heat in the liver meridian. It is indicated for fire hyperactivity along the liver meridian, exuberance of liver fire and upward flaming of liver fire.
3	WGM2#2343	清泄膽熱；清泄膽火	A treatment method to clear fire heat in the gallbladder meridian. It is indicated for stagnant heat in the gallbladder meridian.
3	WGM2#2344	清瀉肝膽；清泄肝膽	A treatment method to clear fire heat in the liver and gallbladder. It is indicated for fire hyperactivity of the liver and gallbladder.
3	WGM2#2345	清心瀉脾	A treatment method to clear fire heat in the heart and spleen. It is indicated for heat accumulating in the heart and spleen.
3	WGM2#2346	清心瀉肝	A treatment method to clear fire heat in the heart and liver. It is indicated for fire hyperactivity of the heart and liver.
3	WGM2#2347	清心瀉肺	A treatment method to clear fire heat in the heart and lung. It is indicated for exuberant heat in the heart and lung.
3	WGM2#2348	清心瀉腎	A treatment method to clear fire heat in the heart and kidney. It is indicated for fire heat in the heart and kidney.
3	WGM2#2349	瀉肝清肺	A treatment method to clear fire heat in the liver and lung. It is indicated for liver fire attacking the lung or exuberant heat in the liver and lung.
3	WGM2#2350	瀉肝清胃	A treatment method to clear fire heat in the liver and stomach. It is indicated for liver fire attacking the stomach or exuberant heat in the liver and stomach.
3	WGM2#2351	清瀉肺胃	A treatment method to clear fire heat in the lung and stomach. It is indicated for exuberant heat in the lung and stomach.
3	WGM2#2352	清泄膈熱	A treatment method to clear heat and cool the diaphragm. It is indicated for heat disturbing the diaphragm.
3	WGM2#2353	清瀉腸熱	A treatment method to clear intestinal fire heat. It is indicated for conditions due to excess heat in the intestines.
3	WGM2#2354	清泄相火	A treatment method to clear heat and reduce ministerial fire. It is indicated for hyperactivity and stirring of ministerial fire.
3	WGM2#2355	清熱通淋；瀉火通淋	A treatment method to clear fire heat in the urinary bladder. It is indicated for heat strangury or retained heat in the urinary bladder.
3	WGM2#2356	清熱安胎	A treatment method to clear fire heat to quiet the fetus. It is indicated for threatened abortion due to heat disturbing the uterus.
3	WGM2#2357	清熱生津；泄熱生津；泄熱存津；清熱存津；甘涼清熱	A treatment method to use heat-clearing and fluid-generating medicines. It is indicated for fire heat consuming fluids or internal heat due to yin deficiency.
3	WGM2#2358	清熱除蒸	A treatment method to clear heat, reduce fire and eliminate bone-steaming sensation. It is indicated for conditions due to deficiency fire or bone- steaming sensation.
3	WGM2#2359	理氣法	Treatment methods to regulate qi activity
3	WGM2#2360	理氣行滯；理氣導滯	A treatment method to regulate qi and unblock stagnation. It is indicated for conditions due to qi stagnation.
3	WGM2#2361	疏肝理氣；疏肝解鬱	A treatment method to soothe the liver, regulate qi, unblock stagnation and resolve depression. It is indicated for conditions due to liver qi stagnation.
3	WGM2#2362	疏肝利膽	A treatment method to soothe liver qi and promote the flow of bile. It is indicated for conditions due to qi stagnation of the liver and gallbladder.
3	WGM2#2363	宣肺通氣	A treatment method to disperse lung qi. It is indicated for conditions due to pathogenic factors affecting the dispersing of lung qi.
3	WGM2#2364	行氣和胃；理氣和胃；理氣健胃；行氣健胃；行氣寬中	A treatment method to regulate qi, unblock stagnation, harmonize the stomach and soothe the middle jiao. It is indicated for conditions due to stomach qi failing to descend or stomach qi stagnation.
3	WGM2#2365	理氣健脾	A treatment method to regulate and supplement qi, unblock stagnation, and strengthen the spleen. It is indicated for conditions due to spleen failing to transport and transform, spleen deficiency with qi stagnation or worries damaging the spleen.
3	WGM2#2366	行氣降逆；順氣降逆	A treatment method to circulate and down- regulate qi. It is indicated for conditions due to adverse ascending of qi.
3	WGM2#2367	理氣消痞；行氣消痞；行氣散結；理氣散結	A treatment method to regulate qi, unblock stagnation and thus resolve masses/nodules. It is indicated for conditions due to chronic qi stagnation.
3	WGM2#2368	理血法	Treatment methods to regulate blood and restore normal blood circulation
3	WGM2#2369	活血化瘀；活血祛瘀；活血散瘀；	A treatment method to circulate blood and transform stasis. It is indicated for conditions due to blood stasis.
3	WGM2#2370	化瘀清熱	A treatment method to transform stasis and clear heat. It is indicated for blood stasis transforming into heat or heat-induced blood stagnation.
3	WGM2#2371	活血行滯；活血行氣	A treatment method to circulate blood, resolve stasis, regulate qi and eliminate stagnation. It is indicated for blood stasis due to qi stagnation or qi stagnation due to blood stasis.
3	WGM2#2372	活血消積；活血消癥	A treatment method to circulate blood, transform stasis and resolve masses. It is indicated for masses due to blood stagnation.
3	WGM2#2373	祛瘀生新；化瘀生新	A treatment method to circulate blood, transform stasis and regenerate new blood. It is indicated for blood stasis coupled with blood deficiency.
3	WGM2#2374	活血養血；和血養血；祛瘀養血	A treatment method to circulate and nourish blood. It is indicated for conditions due to blood deficiency coupled with stasis.
3	WGM2#2375	祛瘀通絡；化瘀通絡；行瘀通絡	A treatment method to circulate blood, transform stasis and unblock meridians. It is indicated for conditions due to blood stasis obstructing the meridians.
3	WGM2#2376	化瘀利水	A treatment method to circulate blood, transform stasis, resolve water retention and drain dampness. It is indicated for conditions due to blood stasis and water retention.
3	WGM2#2377	化瘀消腫；祛瘀消腫；散瘀消腫；破瘀消腫	A treatment method to circulate blood, transform stasis and resolve swelling. It is indicated for haematoma.
3	WGM2#2378	活血舒筋；祛瘀舒筋	A treatment method to circulate blood, transform stasis, relax tendons and unblock meridians. It is indicated for conditions due to blood stasis affecting the tendons and meridians.
3	WGM2#2379	活血祛風；活血搜風	A treatment method to circulate blood, transform stasis, eliminate wind and unblock meridians. It is indicated for conditions due to blood stasis with wind dryness or blood stasis with wind bi-impediment.
3	WGM2#2380	活血止痛；活血通絡止痛	A treatment method to circulate blood, unblock meridians and alleviate pain. It is indicated for pain due to blood stasis obstructing the meridians.
3	WGM2#2381	化瘀止血；祛瘀止血	A treatment method to circulate blood, transform stasis and stop bleeding. It is indicated for bleeding due to blood stasis.
3	WGM2#2382	通絡下乳	A treatment method to unblock meridians to increase lactation. It is indicated for insufficient lactation due to meridian obstruction.
3	WGM2#2383	和絡；通絡；活絡	A treatment method to harmonize meridians using acupuncture, tuina, external therapies or herbal formulas. It is indicated for conditions caused by meridian obstruction.
3	WGM2#2384	通經止癢	A treatment method to unblock meridians, harmonize blood and stop itching using herbal formulas or other therapies. It is indicated for itching due to obstruction of meridian qi.
3	WGM2#2385	活血調經；和血調經	A treatment method to circulate blood, regulate qi and benefit menstruation. It is indicated for irregular menstruation due to disharmony between qi and blood.
3	WGM2#2386	和血安胎	A treatment method to circulate blood, regulate qi and quiet the fetus. It is indicated for threatened abortion due to disharmony between qi and blood.
3	WGM2#2387	祛瘀下胎；化瘀下胎；化瘀催產；祛瘀催產	A treatment method to circulate blood, transform stasis and induce labour. It is indicated for difficult labour due to blood stasis and qi stagnation.
3	WGM2#2388	化瘀通腦	A treatment method to circulate blood, transform stasis and unblock brain collaterals. It is indicated for conditions due to stasis obstructing the brain collaterals.
3	WGM2#2389	化瘀宣肺	A treatment method to circulate blood, transform stasis and disperse lung qi. It is indicated for conditions due to stasis obstructing the lung collaterals.
3	WGM2#2390	化瘀寬胸	A treatment method to circulate blood, transform stasis, and soothe the chest and diaphragm. It is indicated for stasis obstructing the chest, diaphragm or subcostal region.
3	WGM2#2391	化瘀寬心	A treatment method to circulate blood, transform stasis and unblock heart vessels. It is indicated for conditions due to heart blood stasis.
3	WGM2#2392	化瘀和胃	A treatment method to circulate blood, transform stasis, harmonize the stomach, and soothe the spleen and stomach. It is indicated for stasis obstructing the stomach collaterals.
3	WGM2#2393	化瘀養胃	A treatment method to circulate blood, transform stasis, nourish the stomach and harmonize the spleen and stomach. It is indicated for conditions due to stomach deficiency with blood stasis.
3	WGM2#2394	化瘀疏肝	A treatment method to circulate blood, transform stasis, soothe the liver and harmonize collaterals. It is indicated for conditions due to liver blood stasis.
3	WGM2#2395	化瘀養肝	A treatment method to circulate blood, transform stasis, tonify blood and nourish the liver. It is indicated for conditions due to liver deficiency with blood stasis.
3	WGM2#2396	化瘀理脾	A treatment method to circulate blood, transform stasis, strengthen the spleen and harmonize the spleen and stomach. It is indicated for conditions due to blood stasis affecting the spleen meridian.
3	WGM2#2397	祛濕法	Methods to disperse and transform dampness with aromatic medicines
3	WGM2#2398	辟穢化濁；芳香化濁；辟穢泄濁；芳香泄濁	A treatment method to transform turbidity and repel filth with aromatic medicines. It is indicated for conditions due to filth, turbidity and dampness.
3	WGM2#2399	利濕化濁；祛濕化濁	A treatment method to induce urination to transform turbid dampness. It is indicated for conditions due to dampness.
3	WGM2#2400	宣散濕邪；宣散濕濁	A treatment method to disperse turbid dampness with aromatic, pungent medicines. It is indicated for conditions due to dampness binding the exterior.
3	WGM2#2401	行氣化濕；理氣化濕	A treatment method to regulate qi, unblock stagnation and transform dampness with aromatic medicines. It is indicated for conditions due to dampness obstructing the flow of qi.
3	WGM2#2402	化濕和營；燥濕和營	A treatment method to transform dampness with aromatic medicines and harmonize between the Ying nutrients and Wei-defence. It is indicated for conditions due to dampness affecting the surface of the body.
3	WGM2#2403	化濕和中；化濕醒脾；化濕健脾；化濕運脾	A treatment method to transform turbid dampness to strengthen the spleen and harmonize the stomach. It is indicated for conditions due to dampness affecting the spleen and stomach or spleen deficiency coupled with dampness.
3	WGM2#2404	健脾化濕；扶脾化濕；扶脾祛濕；健脾祛濕	A treatment method to tonify spleen qi to transform turbid phlegm. It is indicated for conditions due to spleen deficiency coupled with dampness.
3	WGM2#2405	淡滲分利；淡滲祛濕	A treatment method to resolve dampness by inducing urination with medicines that are bland in taste. It is indicated for conditions due to internal retention of water dampness.
3	WGM2#2406	寬中利濕；寬中化濕	A treatment method to transform turbid dampness to strengthen the spleen and harmonize the stomach. It is indicated for conditions due to spleen deficiency coupled with dampness.
3	WGM2#2407	清心利濕；清心利水	A treatment method to induce urination and clear heart fire. It is indicated for exuberance of heart fire coupled with water dampness.
3	WGM2#2408	清膽利濕	A treatment method to clear gallbladder heat and transform dampness. It is indicated for damp heat in the gallbladder.
3	WGM2#2409	燥濕行氣；燥濕行滯	A treatment method to regulate qi, unblock stagnation and dry dampness. It is indicated for conditions due to qi stagnation coupled with dampness retention.
3	WGM2#2410	燥濕和胃；燥濕和中	A treatment method to dry dampness with pungent, dry medicines and harmonize the stomach. It is indicated for conditions due to dampness obstructing the spleen and stomach.
3	WGM2#2411	祛風燥濕；疏風燥濕；疏風化濕；祛風化濕	A treatment method to remove wind and dry dampness. It is indicated for conditions due to wind dampness affecting the body.
3	WGM2#2412	散寒除濕；散寒祛濕；散寒燥濕；	A treatment method to remove cold and eliminate dampness with pungent, warm medicines. It is indicated for conditions due to cold dampness affecting the body.
3	WGM2#2413	清熱祛濕；清熱除濕	A treatment method to clear heat and eliminate dampness. It is indicated for conditions due to damp heat accumulation.
3	WGM2#2414	清利三焦；清化三焦；清化三焦濕熱；清理三焦濕熱	A treatment method to combine heat-clearing and dampness-resolving medicines. It is indicated for conditions due to damp heat diffusing over the three jiao.
3	WGM2#2415	清熱燥濕解毒；泄熱燥濕解毒；泄熱化濕解毒；清熱化濕解毒	A treatment method to clear heat, transform dampness and remove toxins. It is indicated for conditions due to toxic damp heat accumulation.
3	WGM2#2416	利水消腫	A treatment method or formula to induce urination to resolve oedema. It is indicated for oedema.
3	WGM2#2417	除濕通絡；化濕通絡	A treatment method to transform dampness and unblock collaterals. It is indicated for dampness obstructing the collaterals.
3	WGM2#2418	潤燥法	Treatment methods to increase fluids to moisten dryness
3	WGM2#2419	輕宣潤燥；輕宣外燥	A treatment method to disperse lung qi, increase fluids and moisten dryness. It is indicated for external dryness affecting the exterior.
3	WGM2#2420	清熱潤燥	A treatment method to clear heat, increase fluids and moisten dryness. It is indicated for conditions due to warm dryness damaging yin.
3	WGM2#2421	清肺潤燥；清燥潤肺	A treatment method to clear heat, disperse lung qi and moisten dryness. It is indicated for dryness affecting the lung, lung heat due to yin deficiency or lung dryness with stagnant heat.
3	WGM2#2422	滋陰潤燥；養陰潤燥	A treatment method to nourish yin, clear heat, increase fluids and moisten dryness. It is indicated for internal dryness due to yin deficiency.
3	WGM2#2423	養血潤燥；補血潤燥	A treatment method to tonify blood, increase fluids and moisten dryness. It is indicated for blood dryness due to yin deficiency or blood deficiency with wind dryness.
3	WGM2#2424	潤燥止渴	A treatment method to nourish yin, increase fluids and alleviate thirst. It is indicated for conditions due to deficiency of yin fluids.
3	WGM2#2425	潤燥止咳；潤肺止咳	A treatment method to nourish yin, moisten dryness and stop coughing. It is indicated for cough due to yin deficiency and lung dryness.
3	WGM2#2426	潤燥解毒	A treatment method to nourish yin, moisten dryness and remove toxins. It is indicated for conditions due to toxic dryness.
3	WGM2#2427	增液通便；增水行舟	A treatment method to nourish fluids, moisten the intestines and promote bowel movements. It is indicated for constipation due to large intestine dryness.
3	WGM2#2428	補益法	Treatment methods to tonify yin, yang, qi, blood and bodily fluids and reinforce the functions of the zang–fu organs.
3	WGM2#2429	補氣；益氣；扶正益氣；扶正補氣	A treatment method to tonify healthy qi. It is indicated for conditions due to qi deficiency.
3	WGM2#2430	補益心氣；補心益氣	A treatment method to tonify qi and nourish the heart. It is indicated for conditions due to heart qi deficiency.
3	WGM2#2431	補益肺氣；補肺益氣	A treatment method to tonify qi and benefit the lung. It is indicated for conditions due to lung qi deficiency.
3	WGM2#2432	補益中氣；補脾健胃；補中益氣	A treatment method to tonify qi, strengthen the spleen and benefit the stomach. It is indicated for conditions due to qi deficiency of the spleen and stomach.
3	WGM2#2433	補益肝氣；補肝益氣	A treatment method to tonify qi and nourish the liver. It is indicated for conditions due to liver qi deficiency.
3	WGM2#2434	補益腎氣；補腎益氣	A treatment method to tonify the kidney and supplement qi. It is indicated for conditions due to kidney qi deficiency.
3	WGM2#2435	補益心肺；補心益肺	A treatment method to tonify qi of the heart and lung. It is indicated for conditions due to qi deficiency of the heart and lung.
3	WGM2#2436	補脾益肺；培土生金	A treatment method to tonify qi of the spleen and lung. It is indicated for conditions due to qi deficiency of the spleen and lung.
3	WGM2#2437	補益脾腎；補脾益腎	A treatment method to tonify qi of the spleen and kidney. It is indicated for conditions due to qi deficiency of the spleen and kidney.
3	WGM2#2438	補氣固脫；益氣固脫	A treatment method to greatly supplement vital qi. It is indicated for conditions due to collapse of vital qi.
3	WGM2#2439	補血	A treatment method to supplement blood. It is indicated for conditions due to blood deficiency.
3	WGM2#2440	補血養心	A treatment method to tonify blood and nourish the heart. It is indicated for conditions due to heart blood deficiency.
3	WGM2#2441	補血養肝	A treatment method to tonify blood and nourish the liver. It is indicated for conditions due to liver blood deficiency.
3	WGM2#2442	補血固脫	A treatment method to tonify blood and prevent collapse. It is indicated for conditions due to blood loss.
3	WGM2#2443	滋陰；滋補陰液	A treatment method to nourish yin and supplement yin fluids with sweet, tonic food or medicines. It is indicated for conditions due to yin deficiency.
3	WGM2#2444	滋補心陰；滋養心陰	A treatment method to nourish heart yin. It is indicated for conditions due to heart yin deficiency.
3	WGM2#2445	滋補肺陰；滋養肺陰	A treatment method to nourish yin and tonify the lung. It is indicated for conditions due to lung yin deficiency.
3	WGM2#2446	滋陰益胃；養陰益胃；養陰和胃；滋陰和胃；益胃生津	A treatment method to nourish yin, generate fluids, supplement qi and benefit the stomach. It is indicated for stomach yin deficiency, qi and yin deficiency of the stomach or stomach dryness.
3	WGM2#2447	滋補脾陰；滋養脾陰	A treatment method to nourish yin and fortify the spleen. It is indicated for conditions due to spleen yin deficiency.
3	WGM2#2448	滋補肝陰；滋養肝陰	A treatment method to nourish liver yin. It is indicated for conditions due to liver yin deficiency.
3	WGM2#2449	滋補腎陰；滋養腎陰	A treatment method to nourish kidney yin. It is indicated for conditions due to kidney yin deficiency.
3	WGM2#2450	滋補心肺；滋養心肺	A treatment method to nourish and supplement the heart and lung. It is indicated for qi and yin deficiency of the heart and lung.
3	WGM2#2451	滋陰清熱；養陰清熱	A treatment method to nourish yin and clear heat. It is indicated for conditions due to (yin) deficiency heat.
3	WGM2#2452	補陽益氣；溫陽益氣	A treatment method to combine yang-warming and qi-tonifying medicines. It is indicated for conditions due to yang qi deficiency.
3	WGM2#2453	補陽；壯陽；溫陽	A treatment method to warm and tonify yang qi. It is indicated for conditions due to yang deficiency.
3	WGM2#2454	溫補心陽	A treatment method to use warm-property medicines to tonify the heart and activate yang qi. It is indicated for conditions due to heart yang deficiency.
3	WGM2#2455	溫補肺陽	A treatment method to warm yang and tonify the lung. It is indicated for conditions due to lung yang deficiency.
3	WGM2#2456	溫補脾陽；溫運脾陽	A treatment method to warm yang and fortify the spleen. It is indicated for conditions due to spleen yang deficiency.
3	WGM2#2457	溫補胃陽；溫陽益胃	A treatment method to warm yang and strengthen the stomach. It is indicated for conditions due to stomach yang deficiency.
3	WGM2#2458	溫補肝陽	A treatment method to warm yang and tonify the liver. It is indicated for conditions due to liver yang deficiency.
3	WGM2#2459	溫補腎陽；溫補腎氣；溫腎壯陽	A treatment method to warm yang and tonify the kidney. It is indicated for conditions due to kidney yang deficiency and kidney qi deficiency.
3	WGM2#2460	溫補心肺	A treatment method to warm and tonify the heart and lung. It is indicated for yang deficiency of the heart and lung.
3	WGM2#2461	溫陽行氣；溫陽理氣	A treatment method to warm yang, regulate qi and unblock stagnation. It is indicated for conditions due to yang deficiency and qi stagnation.
3	WGM2#2462	補益氣血；補氣養血	A treatment method to tonify qi and blood. It is indicated for conditions due to deficiency of qi and blood.
3	WGM2#2463	滋陰補陽；滋陰溫陽	A treatment method to nourish yin and tonify yang. It is indicated for conditions due to deficiency of yin and yang.
3	WGM2#2464	益氣滋陰；益氣養陰；滋陰益氣；補精益髓；補腎益髓	A treatment method to supplement qi and nourish yin. It is indicated for deficiency of qi and yin.
3	WGM2#2465	補益精髓	A treatment method to supplement essence and marrow with medicines that contain animal flesh and blood. It is indicated for kidney deficiency or essential qi deficiency.
3	WGM2#2466	補益心腎	A treatment method to tonify the heart and benefit the kidney. It is indicated for yin/ yang deficiency of the heart and kidney, qi/ yin deficiency of the heart and kidney, and qi deficiency of the heart and kidney.
3	WGM2#2467	滋陰補血	A treatment method to combine yin-nourishing and blood-tonifying medicines. It is indicated for conditions due to yin blood deficiency.
3	WGM2#2468	生氣於精	A treatment method to tonify yin essence to transform into yang qi. It is indicated for conditions resulting from yang qi deficiency due to yin essence deficiency.
3	WGM2#2469	益氣固脫	A treatment method to prevent life-threatening qi collapse following loss of blood/fluids with qi-supplementing and astringent medicines.
3	WGM2#2470	溫裡法	Treatment methods to warm and unblock the zang–fu organs and meridians, supplement yang and dissipate cold
3	WGM2#2471	回陽；回陽急救	A treatment method to greatly tonify yang qi. It is indicated for conditions due to yang depletion.
3	WGM2#2472	溫陽散寒；溫裡散寒	A treatment method to warm and tonify yang qi and dissipate cold. It is indicated for cold retention due to yang deficiency.
3	WGM2#2473	溫經散寒；溫經祛寒	A treatment method to warm yang, dissipate cold and unblock meridians. It is indicated for conditions due to cold retention in the meridians.
3	WGM2#2474	散寒止痛	A treatment method to stop pain by dissipating cold. It is indicated for pain due to cold retention.
3	WGM2#2475	祛暑法	Treatment methods to remove summer heat
3	WGM2#2476	祛暑清熱；滌暑清熱	A treatment method to remove summer heat. It is indicated for conditions due to summer heat.
3	WGM2#2477	祛暑解表；解表清暑	A treatment method to clear summer heat and release the exterior. It is indicated for summer heat attacking the exterior.
3	WGM2#2478	清暑解毒	A treatment method to clear summer heat and transform dampness. It is indicated for conditions due to accumulation of summer heat and dampness.
3	WGM2#2479	祛暑利濕；清暑利濕；清暑化濕；祛暑化濕	A treatment method to clear summer heat and transform dampness. It is indicated for conditions due to internal retention of summer heat and dampness.
3	WGM2#2480	清暑益氣	A treatment method to clear summer heat, tonify qi and generate fluids. It is indicated for conditions due to summer heat damaging bodily fluids.
3	WGM2#2481	清心滌暑	A treatment method to clear the heart and remove summer heat. It is indicated for summer heat blocking the heart mind.
3	WGM2#2482	清暑宣肺	A treatment method to clear summer heat and disperse lung qi. It is indicated for cough or haemoptysis due to summer heat damaging the lung collaterals.
3	WGM2#2483	治風法	Treatment methods to dispel external wind or calm down the internal wind
3	WGM2#2484	疏散風邪；疏散外風	A treatment method to remove wind and release the exterior. It is indicated for conditions due to wind attacking the exterior.
3	WGM2#2485	平肝熄風；鎮肝熄風	A treatment method to use formulas that contain heavy medicinal minerals to submerge liver yang and stop wind. It is indicated for conditions due to liver yang transforming into wind or sudden hyperactivity of liver yang.
3	WGM2#2486	平肝潛陽	A treatment method to use heavy medicinal minerals to soothe the liver and subdue yang. It is indicated for conditions due to hyperactivity of liver yang.
3	WGM2#2487	熄風解痙；熄風定痙；鎮痙熄風	A treatment method to stop wind and relieve convulsions. It is indicated for convulsions due to internal stirring of liver wind.
3	WGM2#2488	祛痰法	Treatment methods to resolve phlegm fluids or nodules in the zang–fu organs, meridians, cutaneous membrane and limbs/joints
3	WGM2#2489	宣肺化痰；宣肺祛痰；豁痰宣肺	A treatment method to combine medicines to disperse lung qi and transform phlegm. It is indicated for conditions due to turbid phlegm obstructing the lung.
3	WGM2#2490	燥濕化痰；祛濕化痰；化痰除濕；豁痰燥濕	A treatment method to dry dampness and transform phlegm. It is indicated for conditions due to phlegm dampness.
3	WGM2#2491	清熱化痰；清熱祛痰；清化熱痰	A treatment method to combine medicines that clear heat and transform phlegm. It is indicated for conditions due to heat phlegm.
3	WGM2#2492	潤燥化痰；潤肺化痰；潤化燥痰	A treatment method to generate fluids, moisten dryness and transform phlegm. It is indicated for conditions due to dry phlegm.
3	WGM2#2493	溫化寒痰；溫陽化痰	A treatment method to warm yang, remove cold and transform phlegm. It is indicated for conditions due to cold phlegm.
3	WGM2#2494	祛風化痰；治風化痰	A treatment method to combine medicines to remove wind and transform phlegm. It is indicated for conditions due to wind phlegm.
3	WGM2#2495	理氣化痰；行氣化痰；行氣祛痰；理氣祛痰	A treatment method to combine medicines to regulate qi, unblock stagnation and transform phlegm. It is indicated for conditions due to qi stagnation with phlegm retention or phlegm qi stagnation.
3	WGM2#2496	散寒化飲	A treatment method to dissipate cold and transform water retention using pungent warm medicines. It is indicated for conditions due to internal retention of cold fluid.
3	WGM2#2497	瀉肺逐飲	A treatment method to combine medicines to transform fluid retention and drain the lung. It is indicated for conditions due to fluid retention affecting the lung.
3	WGM2#2498	溫陽化飲；溫化寒飲；溫化痰飲	A treatment method to warm yang, transform phlegm and eliminate fluid retention using pungent warm medicines. It is indicated for conditions resulting from fluid retention due to yang deficiency.
3	WGM2#2499	化痰消食	A treatment method to combine medicines to transform phlegm and promote digestion. It is indicated for conditions due to phlegm-food stagnation.
3	WGM2#2500	祛痰化瘀	A treatment method to combine medicines to eliminate phlegm and transform stasis. It is indicated for conditions due to phlegm combined with stasis.
3	WGM2#2501	化痰散結；化痰破結；滌痰破結；滌痰散結；祛痰軟堅；豁痰軟堅	A treatment method to combine medicines to transform phlegm, eliminate masses and soften hardness. It is indicated for phlegm nodules.
3	WGM2#2502	化痰消癭；化痰消瘤	A treatment method to transform phlegm, resolve goitre and disperse nodules. It is indicated for goitre due to phlegm nodules.
3	WGM2#2503	祛痰宣痹	A treatment method to unblock bi-impediment by eliminating turbid phlegm. It is indicated for conditions due to turbid phlegm retention.
3	WGM2#2504	清熱祛痰化瘀	A treatment method to clear heat, eliminate phlegm and transform stasis. It is indicated for phlegm heat intertwined with stasis or phlegm stasis transforming into heat.
3	WGM2#2505	祛痰殺蟲	A treatment method to combine medicines to eliminate phlegm and kill parasites. It is indicated for conditions due to phlegm mixed with parasites.
3	WGM2#2506	祛痰理氣解毒	A treatment method to eliminate stasis, regulate qi and remove toxins. It is indicated for toxic phlegm retention.
3	WGM2#2507	開竅法	Treatment methods to open the orifice and refresh the mind
3	WGM2#2508	開竅通閉；通竅開閉	A treatment method to open the orifices, refresh the mind and unblock impediments. It is indicated for conditions due to pathogenic factors misting the heart mind.
3	WGM2#2509	清熱開竅；泄熱開竅	A treatment method to clear heat, reduce fire, open the orifices and refresh the mind. It is indicated for conditions due to heat blocking the heart mind.
3	WGM2#2510	寧心開竅；寧神開竅	A treatment method to nourish the heart and settle the mind. It is indicated for cardiac shock, shock from heavy blood loss or unconsciousness due to fear/fright damaging the heart mind.
3	WGM2#2511	芳香開竅；芳香通竅；辟穢開竅；辟穢通竅	A treatment method to unblock impediment and open the orifices with aromatic medicines. It is indicated for unconsciousness due to turbidity blocking the pericardium.
3	WGM2#2512	散寒開竅；散寒通竅；散寒通閉；散寒開閉；辛溫開竅；辛溫通竅	A treatment method to warm yang, dissipate cold and open the orifices with pungent, warm medicines. It is indicated for cold-induced shock or unconsciousness due to cold retention and qi stagnation.
3	WGM2#2513	利濕開竅；利濕通竅；化濕開竅；化濕通竅	A treatment method to transform dampness and open the orifices. It is indicated for turbid phlegm misting the heart mind.
3	WGM2#2514	化痰開竅；祛痰開竅；滌痰開竅；豁痰開竅	A treatment method to transform turbid phlegm and open the orifices. It is indicated for phlegm- induced shock or phlegm misting the heart mind.
3	WGM2#2515	祛痰化濕開竅	A treatment method to eliminate phlegm, transform dampness and open the orifices. It is indicated for phlegm dampness disturbing the heart mind.
3	WGM2#2516	搜風祛痰開竅	A treatment method to remove wind, eliminate phlegm and open the orifices. It is indicated for wind phlegm disturbing the heart mind.
3	WGM2#2517	祛熱開竅	A treatment method to clear summer heat, circulate qi and open the orifices. It is indicated for summer heat blocking the flow of qi.
3	WGM2#2518	消石開閉	A treatment method to resolve stones and circulate qi. It is indicated for stones blocking the flow of qi.
3	WGM2#2519	解毒開閉	A treatment method to use medicines or formulas that remove toxins. It is indicated for epidemic toxins blocking the heart mind.
3	WGM2#2520	解毒開肺	A treatment method to remove toxins and disperse lung qi. It is indicated for toxic heat blocking the lung or measles virus blocking the lung.
3	WGM2#2521	驅蟲法	Treatment methods to kill or repel intestinal parasites
3	WGM2#2522	驅蛔殺蟲	A treatment method to repel and kill roundworms. It is indicated for conditions due to intestinal worms.
3	WGM2#2523	健脾驅蟲；補脾驅蟲	A treatment method to combine medicines to reinforce the spleen and repel parasitic worms. It is indicated for spleen deficiency coupled with retention of parasitic worms.
3	WGM2#2524	殺蟲消疳；殺蟲消積	A treatment method to kill parasitic worms and improve malnutrition. It is indicated for malnutrition due to retention of parasitic worms.
3	WGM2#2525	祛風殺蟲	A treatment method to remove wind and kill parasitic worms. It is indicated for conditions due to toxic worms or wind affecting the skin.
3	WGM2#2526	殺蟲寧神	A treatment method to kill worms, calm the mind, alleviate pain and stop seizures. It is indicated for pork tapeworm affecting the brain.
3	WGM2#2527	安神法	Treatment methods to calm/settle the mind and alleviate palpitations
3	WGM2#2528	重鎮安神；潛鎮安神	A treatment method to use heavy medicinal minerals to submerge yang and settle the mind. It is indicated for insomnia due to yang hyperactivity.
3	WGM2#2529	安神定志；安神定悸；寧心定志；寧心定悸	A treatment method to remove pathogenic factors and nourish the heart. It is indicated for severe palpitations, insomnia, poor memory and panic.
3	WGM2#2530	養心安神；補心安神	A treatment method to reinforce the heart and nourish blood. It is indicated for palpitations, insomnia, dream-disturbed sleep, poor memory and panic due to heart deficiency.
3	WGM2#2531	養血安神	A treatment method to tonify blood and nourish the heart. It is indicated for palpitations, insomnia, dream-disturbed sleep, poor memory and panic due to heart blood deficiency.
3	WGM2#2532	益腎寧神	A treatment method to tonify kidney essence. It is indicated for palpitations or insomnia due to fear disturbing the mind qi or disharmony between the heart and kidney.
3	WGM2#2533	益氣安神；益氣定神	A treatment method to tonify qi, nourish the heart and calm the mind. It is indicated for restlessness due to heart qi deficiency.
3	WGM2#2534	滋陰安神；養陰安神	A treatment method to nourish heart yin and calm the mind. It is indicated for restlessness due to heart yin deficiency.
3	WGM2#2535	和中安神；和胃安神	A treatment method to promote digestion, harmonize the stomach and calm the mind. It is indicated for insomnia due to stomach discomfort.
3	WGM2#2536	解毒安神	A treatment method to remove toxins, transform turbidity and calm the mind. It is indicated for toxic turbidity disturbing the mind.
3	WGM2#2537	解鬱安神	A treatment method to relieve stagnation, regulate qi and calm the mind. It is indicated for grief affecting the mind due to depression.
3	WGM2#2538	安神止癢	A treatment method to nourish blood and calm the mind. It is indicated for itching or restlessness due to yin blood failing to nourish the skin.
3	WGM2#2539	鎮驚安神；鎮心安神	A treatment method to calm the mind with heavy medicinal minerals. It is indicated for fear/fright disturbing the mind.
3	WGM2#2540	消導法	Treatment methods to promote digestion to eliminate stagnation, disperse masses and soften hardness
3	WGM2#2541	消食導滯；消食化滯	A treatment method to promote digestion and resolve stagnation. It is indicated for food retention in the stomach and intestines.
3	WGM2#2542	清熱導滯；泄熱導滯	A treatment method to combine medicines to promote digestion, resolve stagnation and clear heat. It is indicated for stomach heat due to food retention or food retention in the stomach and intestines.
3	WGM2#2543	消痞化積	A treatment method to promote digestion and transform stagnation. It is indicated for masses or distension due to food retention and qi stagnation.
3	WGM2#2544	軟堅散結；軟堅消結；軟堅消癭；軟堅消癥；軟堅消腫	A treatment method to circulate qi, move blood, soften hardness and dissipate masses. It is indicated for goitre or masses due to qi stagnation and blood stasis.
3	WGM2#2545	消石導滯	A treatment method to resolve stones, circulate qi and promote bowel movements. It is indicated for stones obstructing the flow of qi.
3	WGM2#2546	固澀法	Treatment methods to secure qi, blood, fluids and essence from consumption
3	WGM2#2547	固表止汗；固表斂汗；斂汗固表	A treatment method to secure the exterior to stop sweating. It is indicated for spontaneous sweating due to insecure Wei-defensive qi.
3	WGM2#2548	斂肺止咳	A treatment method to tonify and astringe lung qi to stop coughing. It is indicated for cough due to lung qi deficiency.
3	WGM2#2549	斂肺平喘	A treatment method to tonify and astringe lung qi to alleviate panting. It is indicated for fast breathing due to lung qi deficiency.
3	WGM2#2550	澀腸止瀉；固腸止瀉	A treatment method to astringe the intestine to stop diarrhoea. It is indicated for chronic diarrhoea.
3	WGM2#2551	澀精止遺	A treatment method to astringe and secure the kidney essence to stop seminal emissions. It is indicated for nocturnal emissions or spermatorrhoea.
3	WGM2#2552	固經止血	A treatment method to astringe menses to stop bleeding. It is indicated for heavy menstruation.
3	WGM2#2553	固攝止血；攝血止血	A treatment method to astringe and secure blood to stop bleeding. It is indicated for bleeding due to qi failing to keep blood within the vessels.
3	WGM2#2554	固沖止帶；固腎止帶；固澀止帶	A treatment method to tonify the kidney and secure Chong and Ren meridians to stop vaginal discharges. It is indicated for vaginal discharges due to kidney deficiency and insecurity of the Chong and Ren meridians.
3	WGM2#2555	固腎安胎	A treatment method to tonify kidney qi to secure the fetus. It is indicated for threatened abortion due to kidney deficiency.
3	WGM2#2556	止血安胎	A treatment method to stop bleeding and secure the fetus.
3	WGM2#2557	固澀斂乳；固澀攝乳；補氣斂乳；固澀攝乳；補氣攝乳	A treatment method to tonify qi and astringe breast milk. It is indicated for spontaneous flow of breast milk due to qi deficiency.
3	WGM2#2558	固攝斂淚；收斂止淚	A treatment method to tonify qi and stop lacrimation. It is indicated for spontaneous flow of tears due to qi deficiency.
3	WGM2#2559	固脬止遺；固脬止尿；固脬止淋；補氣固脬	A treatment method to tonify kidney qi to secure the urinary bladder. It is indicated for enuresis or urinary incontinence due to kidney qi insecurity.
3	WGM2#2560	補氣固攝；益氣固攝	A treatment method to tonify qi to facilitate its securing function. It is indicated for conditions due to qi failing to secure blood, fluids or essence, etc.
3	WGM2#2561	固護陰液；斂陰固脫	A treatment method to astringe and nourish yin fluids. It is indicated for exhaustion of yin fluids.
3	WGM2#2562	溫陽固脫；溫澀固脫	A treatment method to warm yang, tonify qi and prevent collapse. It is indicated for yang qi failure.
3	WGM2#2563	升提固澀；升清固澀	A treatment method to combine medicines to supplement, lift and astringe qi. It is indicated for qi failing to secure blood, fluid or essence, etc.
3	WGM2#2564	補腎固澀；固攝下元	A treatment method to tonify kidney qi and facilitate its securing function. It is indicated for kidney qi insecurity.
3	WGM2#2565	治癰瘍法	Treatment methods to resolve superficial or suppurative skin conditions
3	WGM2#2566	解毒散癰	A treatment method to remove toxins and resolve sores or ulcers.
3	WGM2#2567	解毒消腫；化毒消腫；化毒散結；解毒散結	A treatment method to remove toxins, resolve sores/ulcers and eliminate swelling.
3	WGM2#2568	清熱排膿	A treatment method to clear heat, remove toxins and drain the pus of sores or ulcers.
3	WGM2#2569	祛腐生肌；去腐生肌	A treatment method to eliminate dead tissues, regenerate flesh and speed up wound healing.
3	WGM2#2570	消癰散癤	A treatment method to resolve swelling, remove toxins and eliminate boils.
3	WGM2#2571	燥濕斂瘡	A treatment method to dry dampness, regenerate flesh and speed up ulcerative wound healing.
3	WGM2#2572	清解餘毒；清透伏邪	A treatment method to clear heat and remove hidden toxins.
3	WGM2#2573	斂瘡止痛	A treatment method to alleviate pain and speed up ulcerative wound healing.
3	WGM2#2574	以毒攻毒	A treatment method to remove toxins with poisonous medicines.
3	WGM2#2575	提膿拔毒	A treatment method to drain pus through therapies or formulas to draw out pus and toxin.
3	WGM2#2576	提膿祛腐	A treatment method to drain pus and eliminate dead tissues through therapies or formulas to draw pus and remove putridity.
3	WGM2#2577	治五官法	Treatment methods for problems of the eyes, noses lips, tongue and ears
3	WGM2#2578	明目	A treatment method to remove wind, clear heat, cool blood, transform stasis, nourish blood, supplement qi, nourish yin, strengthen the spleen and tonify the liver and kidney to remove pathogenic factors, reinforce anti-pathogenic qi and benefit the eyes. It is indicated for blurred vision.
3	WGM2#2579	通耳；利耳	A treatment method to remove pathogenic factors, reinforce anti-pathogenic qi and benefit the ears.
3	WGM2#2580	通鼻	A treatment method to remove pathogenic factors, reinforce anti-pathogenic qi and benefit the nose.
3	WGM2#2581	利咽	A treatment method to remove pathogenic factors, reinforce anti-pathogenic qi and benefit the throat.
3	WGM2#2582	開音	A treatment method to remove pathogenic factors, reinforce anti-pathogenic qi and restore the voice. It is indicated for hoarseness.
3	WGM2#2583	固齒	A treatment method to remove pathogenic factors, reinforce anti-pathogenic qi, secure the teeth and moisten the gums.
3	WGM2#2584	其他治法
3	WGM2#2585	壯水制陽；滋陰抑陽	A treatment method to nourish yin fluids to contain hyperactivity of yang qi. It is indicated for hyperactivity of yang due to yin deficiency.
3	WGM2#2586	益火消陰；壯陽消陰	A treatment method to warm and reinforce yang qi to dissipate yin cold. It is indicated for yin cold due to yang deficiency.
3	WGM2#2587	引火歸原；導龍入海	A treatment method to reinforce kidney yang and combine medicines that enter meridians to astringe floating yang qi, i.e. to guide kidney yang into kidney yin. It is indicated for decline of vital fire or floating of deficiency yang.
3	WGM2#2588	和營生新	A treatment method to harmonize between the Ying nutrients and blood, circulate blood, regenerate new blood and flesh, and speed up wound healing. It is indicated for delayed wound healing due to blood stagnation.
3	WGM2#2589	宣通三焦	A treatment method to regulate qi, eliminate pathogenic factors and unblock the three jiao. It is indicated for pathogenic factors impairing the qi flow of the three jiao.
3	WGM2#2590	交通心腎	A treatment method to nourish kidney yin, astringe kidney yang, reduce heart fire and calm the heart mind to submerge yang and coordinate between the heart and kidney. It is indicated for conditions due to disharmony between the heart fire and kidney water.
3	WGM2#2591	清利頭目	A treatment method to clear heat, reduce fire, submerge yang and clear the head and eyes. It is indicated for headache, eye pain and dizziness due to upward flaming of fire heat or hyperactivity of yang qi.
3	WGM2#2592	滑利竅道	A treatment method to lubricate and unblock orifices. It is indicated for dry orifices due to insufficiency of yin fluids.
3	WGM2#2593	寬胸利膈	A treatment method to eliminate pathogenic factors, regulate qi, lift yang, and down-regulate turbidity to soothe the chest and diaphragm. It is indicated for chest stuffiness, distension, fullness and tightness.
3	WGM2#2594	續筋接骨	A treatment method to use tuina or other therapies to repair the broken sinews or bones. It is indicated for sinew or bone injuries.
3	WGM2#2595	強筋壯骨	A treatment method to strengthen the sinews or bones through exercise or taking medicine. It is indicated for weak sinews/bones due to heredity, trauma or chronic diseases.
3	WGM2#2596	散結；軟堅	A treatment method to eliminate phlegm, regulate qi, break stasis and unblock collaterals to soften hardness, disperses nodules and resolve masses. It is indicated for masses, lumps or swelling.
3	WGM2#2597	佐金平木	A treatment method to disperse the lung (metal) and inhibit the liver (wood). It is indicated for migratory pain in the subcostal region, cough or panting due to hyperactivity of liver yang and failure of lung qi to disperse and descend.
3	WGM2#2598	益火生土	A treatment method to warm and reinforce the vital fire to supplement the transportation and transformation of the spleen (earth). It is indicated for early morning diarrhoea due to decline of the vital fire and spleen yang deficiency.
3	WGM2#2599	金水相生	A treatment method to tonify the kidney and nourish the lung for lung deficiency and kidney deficiency, since the lung (metal) and kidney (water) mutually support physiologically and mutually affect pathologically.
3	WGM2#2600	培土制水	A treatment method to tonify the spleen (earth) to restrain overflow of water dampness. It is indicated for oedema or diarrhoea due to spleen deficiency.
3	WGM2#2601	瀉南補北	A treatment method to reduce heart fire and reinforce kidney water. The south here refers to heart fire, whereas the north refers to kidney water.
2	WGM2#2602	3.3 藥物治療類
3	WGM2#2603	中藥類	Knowledge about the concept of Chinese medicines, the basic theories as well as the origin, production, processing, property, actions and indications of medicines
3	WGM2#2604	中藥	Medicines to prevent, treat and diagnose diseases under the guidance of Chinese medical theories.
3	WGM2#2605	中藥學	The study of basic theories, origin, production, processing, property, actions, indications and application of Chinese medicines.
3	WGM2#2606	本草	An ancient term for Chinese medicine, mainly referring to medicinal plants.
3	WGM2#2607	草藥	Regional herbal medicines that may not be recorded in major books on materia medica; however, they are an integral part of Chinese medicine.
3	WGM2#2608	中藥材	Raw materials include medicinal plants, animals and minerals that can be prepared into pieces, extracts or Chinese patent medicine.
3	WGM2#2609	道地藥材	High-quality Chinese medicines produced in specific geographical areas.
3	WGM2#2610	飲片	Prepared herbal pieces that can be used directly in clinical use or preparation production.
3	WGM2#2611	配方顆粒	A new dosage form with standardized specification, dosage and quality manufactured through extracting, separating, condensing, drying, granulating or packaging.
3	WGM2#2612	炮製	A sequence of medicinal processing techniques to make materia medica into prepared pieces or different dosage forms. These techniques are adopted according to theories of Chinese medicine and medicinal properties.
3	WGM2#2613	修治；修制	The preliminary processing method of Chinese medicines, including purification, crushing and cutting.
3	WGM2#2614	純淨處理	A method to remove dust, impurities and clean medicines by picking, selecting, sieving, scraping and brushing.
3	WGM2#2615	粉碎處理	A method to grind medicines by pounding, grinding, filing and crushing.
3	WGM2#2616	切制處理	A method to cut medicines into pieces, blocks, threads or segments for preparation, drying, storage and weighing.
3	WGM2#2617	水制	A processing method to use water or other liquid auxiliary materials, including washing, bleaching, soaking, refining with water, etc.
3	WGM2#2618	潤；悶；伏	A method to moisten and soften medicines with water or other liquids before cutting, including water spraying, washing, soaking, infiltrating, drying, etc.
3	WGM2#2619	水飛	A method to obtain extremely fine medicinal powder in water.
3	WGM2#2620	漂	A method to soak medicines in static or running water for a period of time and exchange water regularly to remove the fishy smell, salt or toxic ingredients.
3	WGM2#2621	火制	A processing method to use heat or fire, including frying, roasting, calcining, etc.
3	WGM2#2622	炒	A method to stir fry medicines in a pot to a certain temperature degree, including plain frying or frying with adjuvants.
3	WGM2#2623	清炒	A method to fry without adjuvants. According to the temperature, plain stir-frying is divided into fried yellow, scorch fry and charcoaled fry.
3	WGM2#2624	輔料	These include liquid materials such as alcohol, vinegar or honey and non-liquid materials such as starch, sugar or salt. The stir-fry method involves medicines and solid materials. These include stir- frying with bran, rice, soil, sand, talcum powder or clamshell powder.
3	WGM2#2625	炙	A method to use liquid adjuvants to stir-fry medicines to change the medicinal property, reinforce the efficacy and reduce side-effects. The excipients include wine, vinegar, salt, ginger, honey or oil.
3	WGM2#2626	煆	A method to calcine medicines directly or indirectly with a strong fire to fully extract the active ingredients and achieve maximal efficacy.
3	WGM2#2627	煨	A method to wrap medicines with water-mixed flour or wet paper, placed in the heat of the ash, or heated with oil-absorbent paper separated from the drug barrier so that the medicine is turned from raw to cooked.
3	WGM2#2628	水火共制	A processing method to wrap medicines with wet tissue and place into fire or isolate with oil- absorbing sheets.
3	WGM2#2629	煮	A method to heat medicines with water or liquid excipients.
3	WGM2#2630	蒸	A method to steam or heat with water.
3	WGM2#2631	燀	A method to blanch in boiling water and take out immediately for drying process.
3	WGM2#2632	淬	A method to calcine medicines and place into cold water or liquid excipient quickly for easy crushing and absorption.
3	WGM2#2633	中藥變質	Physical or chemical changes in Chinese medicines due to inappropriate care in transportation or storage. These changes include mildew, worm-eaten, discolouration, flavour reversion, oiliness or air-slake and can directly affect the medicinal quality, efficacy and safety.
3	WGM2#2634	中藥不良反應	These include side-effects or toxic reactions. Following the standard dosage, side-effects of Chinese medicines are often mild and can resolve spontaneously without treatment. Toxic reactions are often caused by overdose or prolonged use of poisonous materia medica, and can do substantial damage to the organs and functions.
3	WGM2#2635	藥物偏性	Peculiar features and actions of medicines.
3	WGM2#2636	中藥性能	The core part of essential theories on Chinese medicines. These include four properties, five flavours, ascending/floating, descending/sinking, meridian tropism and toxicity.
3	WGM2#2637	中藥性狀	Physical or chemical characteristics of Chinese medicines, including their shape, colour, odour, taste and properties.
3	WGM2#2638	四氣五味	The basic properties and flavours of Chinese medicines.
3	WGM2#2639	四氣；四性	The four basic properties of medicines—cold, hot, warmth, and coolness.
3	WGM2#2640	溫熱藥	Medicines to remove or alleviate cold-induced disorders.
3	WGM2#2641	寒涼藥	Medicines to remove or alleviate heat-induced disorders.
3	WGM2#2642	平性藥	Medicines with no obvious property of cold or heat.
3	WGM2#2643	辛味	Medicines with a pungent flavour act to disperse/ circulate qi and move blood. They are indicated for exterior pattern, qi stagnation and blood stasis.
3	WGM2#2644	苦味	Medicines with a bitter flavour act to unblock, purge the intestine, dry dampness, clear fire and benefit yin. They are indicated for fire heat, dampness, adverse flow of qi and fire hyperactivity due to yin deficiency.
3	WGM2#2645	甘味	Medicines with a sweet flavour act to tonify, harmonize the middle jiao and relieve spasm. They are indicated for deficiency pattern, disharmony between the spleen and stomach, spasm, pain, etc.
3	WGM2#2646	酸味	Medicines with a sour flavour act to astringe and secure. They are indicated for sweating (due to deficiency), diarrhoea, frequent urination, enuresis, bleeding, etc. Some sour-flavoured medicines can generate fluids, calm worms and stop pain.
3	WGM2#2647	澀味	Medicines with an astringent flavour act to astringe and secure. They are indicated for sweating (due to deficiency), diarrhoea, frequent urination, enuresis, bleeding, etc.
3	WGM2#2648	鹹味	Medicines with a salty flavour act to purge the intestine, promote bowel movements and soften masses. They are indicated for constipation, goitre, scrofula, phlegm nodules and masses.
3	WGM2#2649	淡味	Medicines with a bland flavour act to drain dampness and promote urination. They are indicated for oedema, dysuria and leg swelling.
3	WGM2#2650	辛甘化陽	The combination of a pungent and sweet flavour engenders a dispersing, outward and yang- assisting function. This includes a single medicine with both flavours or combined pungent and sweet medicines.
3	WGM2#2651	酸甘化陰	The combination of a sour and sweet flavour engenders a fluid-generating, inward and astringing function. This includes a single medicinal with both flavours or combined sour and sweet medicines.
3	WGM2#2652	辛開苦降	The combination of a pungent and bitter flavour allows for dispersal of obstruction and the descent of qi. This includes a single medicine with both flavours or combined pungent and bitter medicines.
3	WGM2#2653	升降浮沉	The four cardinal directionalities of medicines: ascending, descending, sinking and floating. These four directions are associated with the weight, property, preparation and combination of medicines.
3	WGM2#2654	升浮藥	Medicines to lift yang, release the exterior, induce vomiting, open the orifices, etc. They tend to go upward and outward.
3	WGM2#2655	沉降藥	Medicines to purge the intestine, resolve water retention, submerge yang and astringe. They tend to go inward and downward.
3	WGM2#2656	歸經	The ability of medicines to access a channel/ meridian. Meridian affinity is based on the theories on zang–fu organs and meridians.
3	WGM2#2657	引經報使	A property that medicines have special role for certain zang–fu organs or meridians and can guide other medicines to reach the affected meridians and body parts.
3	WGM2#2658	引經藥	Medicines with the ability to guide other ingredients of a formula to access a particular channel/meridian.
3	WGM2#2659	配伍	The combination, according to Chinese medicine theory, of two or more medicines to achieve a pre- determined clinical outcome.
3	WGM2#2660	七情和合	Compatibility methods of Chinese medicines, including the using of a single medicine, mutual reinforcement, mutual assistance, mutual restraint, mutual suppression, mutual inhibition and mutual opposition.
3	WGM2#2661	單行	Use a single medicine alone to treat a disorder.
3	WGM2#2662	相須	Use two medicines sharing similar properties in combination to reinforce each other’s action.
3	WGM2#2663	相使	Use two or more medicines sharing common efficacies in combination, one being the principal medicine while the others play a subsidiary role to reinforce the action of the principal one.
3	WGM2#2664	相畏	When two medicines are used in combination, the toxic or side-effects of one medicine can be reduced or eliminated by the other.
3	WGM2#2665	相殺	When two medicines are used in combination, one medicine can reduce or eliminate the toxic or side- effects of the other.
3	WGM2#2666	相惡	When two medicines are used in combination, the positive effects of one medicine can be reduced or eliminated by the other.
3	WGM2#2667	相反	When two medicines are used in combination, their toxic or side-effects can be produced or enhanced.
3	WGM2#2668	配伍禁忌	Combination of some medicines can reduce the curative effect, produce or enhance toxic or side- effects and/or affect the safety of medicines. These combinations should be avoided. Specifically, there are eighteen antagonisms and nineteen incompatibilities.
3	WGM2#2669	十八反	One of the contraindicated combinations of Chinese medicines. These include: Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) is antagonistic to Da Ji (Radix Euphorbiae Pekinensis), Yuan Hua (Flos Genkwa), Gan Sui (Radix Euphorbiae Kansui) and Hai Zao (Sargassum); Wu Tou (Radix Aconiti) is antagonistic to Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae), Gua Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis), Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae), Bai Lian (Radix Ampelopsis) and Bai Ji (Rhizoma Bletillae); and Li Lu (Radix Veratri Nigri) is antagonistic to Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng), Sha Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae), Dan Shen (Radix Adenophorae), Ku Shen (Radix Sophorae Flavescentis), Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae), Xi Xin (Herba Asari) and Shao Yao (Radix Paeoniae).
3	WGM2#2670	十九畏	One of the contraindicated combinations of Chinese medicines. These include: Liu Huang (sulfur) is incompatible with Pu Xiao (crude sodium sulfate), Shui Yin (mercury) with Pi Shuang (arsenic trioxide),Lang Du (Radix Euphorbiae Ebracteolatae) Mi Tuo Seng (litharge), Ba Dou (Semen Crotonis) with Qian Niu (Semen Pharbitidis), Ding Xiang (Flos Caryophylli) with Yu Jin (Radix Curcumae), Ya Xiao (crystalline sodium sulfate) with San Leng (Rhizoma Sparganii), Chuan Wu (Radix Aconiti) and Cao Wu (Radix Aconiti Kuznezoffi) with Xi Jiao (Cornu Rhinoceri), Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng) with Wu Ling Zhi (with Faeces Trogopterorum), and Guan Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi) with Shi Zhi (Halloysitum Rubrum).
3	WGM2#2671	證候用藥禁忌；病證用藥禁忌	Medicines that may aggravate medical conditions should be avoided.
3	WGM2#2672	妊娠用藥禁忌	Medicines that are absolutely contraindicated to use or used with caution during pregnancy. Absolutely contraindicated medicines are toxic, harsh or abortive. Medicines to circulate blood, move qi, and drain downward, and warm, pungent medicines to warm the interior should be used with caution.
3	WGM2#2673	服藥食忌	Food that should be avoided while taking medication.
3	WGM2#2674	湯液	A liquid made by decocting prepared pieces of Chinese medicines in water.
3	WGM2#2675	煎藥法	The decoction of Chinese medicine involves the pot, water, heat control, and decocting method.
3	WGM2#2676	煎藥火候	This includes the heat intensity and decocting duration. It includes quick (strong) fire and slow (mild) fire. Generally, a quick fire is used to boil and then reduced to mild fire (a simmering heat) to maintain the temperature.
3	WGM2#2677	文火；慢火；微火	A mild and slow fire to maintain the temperature in decocting Chinese medicine after boiling.
3	WGM2#2678	武火；急火；緊火	A strong and quick fire in decocting Chinese medicine.
3	WGM2#2679	先煎	A method for insoluble minerals, rocks or shells that require a long time to decoct. These ingredients need to be ground and decocted 30–60 minutes first before placing into the rest of the decoction. Toxic medicines need to decoct first for 60–120 minutes before placing into the rest of the decoction to reduce their toxicity.
3	WGM2#2680	另煎；另燉	A method to decoct some medicines separately (2–3 hours), usually precious medicines, to ensure that the ingredients remain active.
3	WGM2#2681	沖服	A method to pour the medicine directly into water or other boiling liquid. Valuable medicines need to be ground into fine powder first.
3	WGM2#2682	泡服；焗服	A method to soak medicines in hot water or decoctions for half an hour and then take the medication after removing the dregs.
3	WGM2#2683	煎湯代水	A method to decoct some ingredients separately and then use the decoction instead of water to decoct the rest of the ingredients. This method has two purposes: 1) to prevent the separately decocted ingredients causing the decoction to appear cloudy or muddy; 2) applies to ingredients that are light in weight, big in dosage and volume, and strong in water absorption.
3	WGM2#2684	解表藥	Medicines to release the exterior. They are indicated for exterior pattern. Based on the property and actions, these medicines are further categorized into two types: medicines to remove wind and dissipate cold and medicines to remove wind and clear heat.
3	WGM2#2685	辛溫解表藥；發散風寒藥	Medicines that are pungent in flavour and warm in property. They mainly act to remove wind and dissipate cold and are indicated for wind cold exterior pattern. Some medicines can also remove wind, alleviate itching, relieve pain, stop coughing, promote urination to resolve oedema, and heal sores/ulcers. These medicines can be used for wind cold-induced itchy rashes, cough, oedema, sores/ulcers, and bi-impediment due to wind and dampness.
3	WGM2#2686	辛涼解表藥；發散風熱藥	Medicines that are pungent in flavour and cool in property. They mainly act to remove wind and clear heat and are indicated for wind heat exterior pattern. Some medicines can also clear the head/ eyes, benefit the throat, promote skin eruption and stop coughing. These medicines can be used for wind heat-induced red, swollen and painful eyes, red, swollen throat, inhibited skin eruption, and cough due to wind heat.
3	WGM2#2687	清熱藥	Medicines to clear interior heat. They are indicated for interior heat pattern. Based on the property and actions, these medicines are further categorized into five types: medicines to clear heat/fire, medicines to clear heat and dry dampness, medicines to clear heat and cool blood, and medicines to clear deficiency heat.
3	WGM2#2688	清熱瀉火藥	Medicines that are bitter or sweet in flavour and cold in nature. They are mainly indicated for excess heat in the qi phase and fire heat in the zang–fu organs, including lung heat, stomach fire, heart fire or liver fire.
3	WGM2#2689	清熱燥濕藥	Medicines that are bitter in flavour and cold in property. They mainly act to clear heat and dry dampness and are indicated for damp heat pattern.
3	WGM2#2690	清熱涼血藥	Medicines that are sweet, bitter or salty in flavour and cold in property. They are mainly indicated for excess heat in the Ying nutrients and blood phases. Some medicines can also nourish yin and engender fluids. These medicines can be used for yin deficiency causing damage to fluids.
3	WGM2#2691	清熱解毒藥	Medicines that are bitter in flavour and cold in property. They mainly act to clear heat and remove toxins and are therefore indicated for conditions due to toxic heat. Some medicines can also be used for snake bite or cancer.
3	WGM2#2692	清虛熱藥	Medicine that are cold/cool in property. They mainly act to clear deficiency heat and alleviate bone-steaming sensation. They are indicated for internal heat due to yin deficiency.
3	WGM2#2693	瀉下藥	Medicines to produce bowel movements. They are indicated for constipation or difficulty passing of stools. Based on the property and actions, these medicines are further categorized into three types: draining purgative medicines, moistening purgative medicines and drastic purgative medicines.
3	WGM2#2694	攻下藥	Medicines that are bitter in flavour and cold in property. They have strong effect in promoting bowel movements and clearing fire/heat. These medicines are indicated for constipation due to excess heat and retention of dry faeces.
3	WGM2#2695	潤下藥	Medicines that are sweet in flavour and oily in quality. They mainly act to moisten the intestine, soften faeces and promote bowel movements. They are indicated for constipation due to exhaustion of fluids, yin deficiency or blood deficiency resulting from ageing, a weak constitution, chronic disease and childbirth.
3	WGM2#2696	峻下逐水藥	Medicines that are bitter in flavour and cold in property. These medicines often have a drastic effect and can cause severe diarrhoea and relieve retained water. They are indicated for oedema, pleural effusion, ascites, or panting due to phlegm- fluid retention.
3	WGM2#2697	祛風濕藥	Medicines to eliminate wind, resolve dampness and alleviate pain. They are indicated for bi-impediment patterns. Based on the bi-impediment category and medicinal property, these medicines are further categorized into three types: medicines to remove wind and resolve dampness; medicines to remove wind, clear heat and resolve dampness; and medicines to remove wind, resolve dampness and strengthen tendons and bones.
3	WGM2#2698	化濕藥；芳香化濕藥	Medicines that are aromatic in smell and dry in property. They mainly act to transform dampness and benefit the spleen. These medicines are indicated for dampness affecting the spleen and stomach.
3	WGM2#2699	利水滲濕藥	Medicines to unblock the water passage and drain water dampness. They are indicated for internal retention of water dampness.
3	WGM2#2700	溫裡藥；祛寒藥	Medicines to warm the interior and dissipate cold. They are indicated for interior cold pattern.
3	WGM2#2701	理氣藥	Medicines to regulate qi activity. They are indicated for qi stagnation and adverse flow of qi.
3	WGM2#2702	消食藥	Medicines to promote digestion and transform food stagnation. They are indicated for disorders due to food stagnation.
3	WGM2#2703	驅蟲藥	Medicines to expel or kill parasites. They are indicated for intestinal parasites.
3	WGM2#2704	止血藥	Medicines to stop bleeding. They are indicated for internal or external bleeding. Based on the property and functions, these medicines are further categorized into four types: medicines to cool blood and stop bleeding, medicines to transform stasis and stop bleeding, medicines to astringe and stop bleeding and medicines to warm meridians and stop bleeding.
3	WGM2#2705	涼血止血藥	Medicines that are sweet and bitter in flavour and cold and cool in property. They mainly act to clear pathogenic heat in the blood phase. These medicines are indicated for bleeding due to heat- induced reckless blood flow.
3	WGM2#2706	化瘀止血藥；活血止血藥	Medicines to stop bleeding and circulate blood to transform stasis. They act to stop bleeding but do not cause stasis; and circulate blood but do not cause bleeding. These medicines are indicated for haemorrhagic conditions due to stagnant blood or blood failing to circulate within the vessels.
3	WGM2#2707	收斂止血藥	Medicines that are astringent and neutral in property. They mainly act to astringe and stop bleeding. These medicines are widely used for all kinds of bleeding.
3	WGM2#2708	溫經止血藥	Medicines that are warm/heat in property. They mainly act to warm the interior, dissipate cold, warm meridians and stop bleeding. These medicines are indicated for bleeding due to deficiency cold.
3	WGM2#2709	活血祛瘀藥	Medicines to circulate blood and resolve stasis. They are indicated for blood stasis. Based on the functions and clinical application, these medicines are further categorized into four types: medicines to circulate blood and stop pain; medicines to circulate blood and resolve stasis; medicines to circulate blood and heal the wound; and medicines to break blood and resolve masses.
3	WGM2#2710	化痰藥	Medicines to transform or eliminate phlegm. Based on the property and functions, they are further categorized into two types: medicines to warm and transform cold phlegm; and medicines to clear heat and transform heat phlegm.
3	WGM2#2711	溫化寒痰藥	Medicines that are pungent and bitter in flavour and warm and dry in property. They mainly act to warm the lung, eliminate cold, dry dampness and transform phlegm. These medicines are indicated for disorders due to cold phlegm or damp phlegm.
3	WGM2#2712	清化熱痰藥	Medicines that are cold or cool in property. They mainly act to clear heat and transform phlegm. These medicines are indicated for disorders due to heat phlegm or dry phlegm.
3	WGM2#2713	止咳平喘藥	Medicines to stop coughing and alleviate panting. These medicines enter the lung meridian and are indicated for coughing and panting.
3	WGM2#2714	安神藥	Medicines to calm the mind. Based on the property and efficacy, these medicines are further categorized into two types: heavyweight medicines to tranquilize the mind; and medicines to nourish the heart mind.
3	WGM2#2715	重鎮安神藥	Medicines (mostly minerals, fossil bones or shells) heavy in weight and downbearing in property. These medicines are indicated for excess mental uneasiness including palpitations, insomnia, convulsions, epilepsy or mania.
3	WGM2#2716	養心安神藥	Medicines that are sweet in flavour, moist in quality and tonic or neutral in property. They mainly act to nourish the heart and tranquilize the mind. These medicines are indicated for mild or severe palpitations due to malnourishment of heart mind, and insomnia, poor memory and dream-disturbed sleep due to heart yin or heart blood deficiency.
3	WGM2#2717	平肝息風藥	Medicines to soothe the liver and remove wind. They are indicated for hyperactivity of liver yang and internal stirring of liver wind. Based on their functions and indications, these medicines can be further categorized into two subtypes: medicines to soothe liver yang; and medicines to stop liver wind.
3	WGM2#2718	平降肝陽藥	Medicines that are heavy in weight and cold in property. They mainly act to suppress or submerge yang. They are indicated for dizziness, headache or tinnitus due to hyperactivity of liver yang, and a red face and eyes, restlessness, and bitter mouth due to ascending of liver fire.
3	WGM2#2719	息風止痙藥	Medicines that are cold, cool or neutral in property. They mainly act to soothe the liver, stop wind and resolve spasm/convulsions. They are indicated for dizziness, blurred vision, neck rigidity, tremor of limbs, spasms, epilepsy, convulsions, tetanus or opisthotonus due to internal stirring of liver wind.
3	WGM2#2720	開竅藥	Medicines that are aromatic and pungent to open the orifices and refresh the mind. They are indicated for mental unconsciousness in block pattern.
3	WGM2#2721	補虛藥	Medicines to reinforce the body and prevent against diseases. They are indicated for deficiency pattern. Based on the property, functions and indications, these medicines are categorized into medicines to tonify qi, medicines to tonify yang, medicines to tonify blood and medicines to nourish yin.
3	WGM2#2722	補氣藥	Medicines that are sweet in flavour and warm or neutral in property. They mainly act to tonify qi and are indicated for qi deficiency.
3	WGM2#2723	補血藥	Medicines that are sweet in flavour and warm in property. They mainly act to tonify blood and are indicated for blood deficiency.
3	WGM2#2724	補陽藥	Medicines that are sweet and pungent in flavour and warm in property. They mainly act to tonify yang qi and are indicated for yang deficiency.
3	WGM2#2725	補陰藥	Medicines that are sweet in flavour and cold in property. They mainly act to nourish yin fluids and are indicated for yin deficiency (insufficiency of fluids).
3	WGM2#2726	收澀藥；固澀藥	Medicines to astringe and secure qi, blood, essence and body fluids. They are indicated for spontaneous sweating, night sweats, nocturnal emissions, enuresis, persistent leucorrhoea, uterine bleeding, chronic diarrhoea and chronic dysentery. Based on the property, efficacy and indications, astringent medicines are further divided into medicines to secure the exterior and stop sweating, medicines to astringe the lung and intestine and medicines to secure semen, astringe the urine and stop leucorrhoea.
3	WGM2#2727	固表止汗藥	Medicines that are sweet in flavour and neutral in property. They mainly act to secure the exterior and stop sweating and are indicated for spontaneous sweating or night sweats.
3	WGM2#2728	斂肺澀腸藥	Medicines that are sour and puckering in flavour and have astringent properties. They mainly act to astringe the lung and intestine, alleviate coughing/panting, and stop diarrhoea. These medicines are indicated for chronic coughing/ panting and persistent diarrhoea/dysentery.
3	WGM2#2729	固精縮尿止帶藥	Medicines that are sour and puckering in flavour and astringent in property. They mainly act to secure semen, astringe urination and stop vaginal discharge. These medicines are mainly indicated for nocturnal emissions/spermatorrhoea, enuresis/profuse urine, or persistent vaginal discharge.
3	WGM2#2730	湧吐藥；催吐法	Medicines to produce nausea and vomiting. They are indicated for food poisoning, indigestion and phlegm stagnation in the stomach or above the chest.
3	WGM2#2731	外用藥	Medicines used for topical areas to remove toxins, resolve swelling, drain pus, regenerate tissue, heal wounds, kill insects and stop itching. They are indicated for sores, ulcers, carbuncles, scabies, traumatic injuries, snake bites or problems of the five sense organs. The method includes topical plaster, embrocating, fumigation, blow throat, nose and eye drops.
3	WGM2#2732	方劑類
3	WGM2#2733	時方	Formulas by physicians after Zhang Zhongjing in the Han Dynasty (220 to 202 BC).
3	WGM2#2734	經方	Formulas recorded in medical books before the Han dynasty, represented by Zhang Zhongjing.
3	WGM2#2735	驗方	Effective formulas that have been demonstrated or confirmed by long clinical practice.
3	WGM2#2736	古方	The formulas before the Qing Dynasty (1644–1911).
3	WGM2#2737	秘方	Effective and secret formulas.
3	WGM2#2738	湯頭；湯方；湯頭歌訣	Oral herbal formulas to be decocted with water. Wang Ang, a Qing dynasty physician compiled a book named Tang Tou Ge Jue (Decoction in Rhymes) to make it easier for learners to memorize.
3	WGM2#2739	七方	Seven formula types include major formulas, minor formulas, slow-acting formulas, fast-acting formulas, odd-numbered formulas, even- numbered formulas and compound formulas.
3	WGM2#2740	大方	Formulas used for combined patterns upon contraction of excessive pathogenic factors. These include the following five aspects: ① drastic potency; ② many ingredients; ③ large doses; ④ take the large amount in one single dose; ⑤ indicated for major, severe disorders of the lower jiao.
3	WGM2#2741	小方	Formulas used for one pattern alone upon contraction of mild pathogenic factors. These include the following three aspects: ① mild medical conditions; ② indicated for disorders of the upper jiao and take in small amount in frequent intervals; ③ fewer ingredients
3	WGM2#2742	緩方；緩劑	Formulas indicated for chronic conditions with a weak constitution. These include the following six aspects: ① many mutually-counterbalanced ingredients; ② use non-toxic ingredients to alleviate symptoms but do not cause damage to the anti-pathogenic qi; ③ use slow-acting ingredients; ⑤ use pills to remove pathogenic factors gradually; ⑥ use demulcent medicines to boost the immune system to help recovery.
3	WGM2#2743	急方	Formulas indicated for emergency or critical conditions. These include the following four aspects: ① critical conditions that require immediate care; ② fast purging efficacy; ③ drastic potency; ④ directed at symptoms in acute conditions, such as Kai Guan San (Lockjaw- Relieving Powder) or Si Ni Tang (Frigid Extremities Decoction).
3	WGM2#2744	奇方	Formulas with one single ingredient or odd- numbered ingredients.
3	WGM2#2745	偶方	Formulas with two or even-numbered ingredients.
3	WGM2#2746	複方；重方	Formulas consisting of two or more set formulas. They are often used for complex conditions.
3	WGM2#2747	方劑學	The study of the origin and evolution of formulas, treatment methods, composition principles, compatibility and clinical applications of Chinese herbal formulas.
3	WGM2#2748	八法	The eight methods are categorized according to functions of the formulas. They are sweating , vomiting, draining downward , harmonizing , warming , clearing, reducing and tonifying.
3	WGM2#2749	汗法	A method to induce perspiration, facilitate interaction between the Ying nutrients and Wei- defence, and disperse lung qi. It helps to expel six exogenous pathogenic factors through sweating and thus releases the exterior.
3	WGM2#2750	吐法	A method to induce vomiting to fast remove phlegm, indigested food and poisons from the throat, thoracic diaphragm or stomach.
3	WGM2#2751	下法	A method to induce bowel movements to cleanse or eliminate indigested food, dry faeces, cold accumulation, stagnant blood, phlegm, and water retention. It allows for the removal of pathogenic factors out of the body.
3	WGM2#2752	和法	A method to moderate different parts of the body to expel pathogenic factors and regulate functions of the zang–fu organs. It helps to achieve yin- yang or interior–exterior balance by releasing the Shaoyang pattern when the pathogen lies in between the interior and exterior of the body and by harmonizing zang–fu organs.
3	WGM2#2753	溫法	A method to warm the interior to eliminate pathogenic cold.
3	WGM2#2754	消法	A method to promote digestion, circulate qi, move blood, transform phlegm, drain water retention and kill parasites.
3	WGM2#2755	清法	A method to clear heat, reduce fire, remove toxins and cool blood to eliminate pathogenic heat in the interior.
3	WGM2#2756	補法	A method to reinforce qi, blood, yin and yang of the body. Indicated for deficiency of zang–fu organs, qi, blood, yin and yang.
3	WGM2#2757	十劑	A categorization method according to functions of the formula. The 10 types are dispersing formula, unblocking/unclogging formula, tonifying formula, purgative formula, formula consisting of light-weighted medicines, formula consisting of heavy-weighted medicines, lubricative formula, astringent formula, dry formula and moistening formula.
3	WGM2#2758	宣劑	Formulas that disperse congestion and relieve stagnation.
3	WGM2#2759	通劑	Formulas that move qi and circulate blood.
3	WGM2#2760	補劑	Formulas that nourish and tonify qi, blood, yin and yang of the five zang organs.
3	WGM2#2761	泄劑；瀉劑	Formulas that promote bowel movements and unclog the fu organs.
3	WGM2#2762	輕劑	Formulas that remove pathogenic factors out of the exterior.
3	WGM2#2763	重劑	Formulas that tranquilize and calm the mind.
3	WGM2#2764	澀劑；固澀劑	Formulas that prevent qi, blood, essence and body fluids from exhaustion and collapse.
3	WGM2#2765	滑劑	Formulas that diminish obstruction.
3	WGM2#2766	燥劑	Formulas that dry dampness.
3	WGM2#2767	濕劑	Formulas that moisten or nourish the body.
3	WGM2#2768	君藥；主藥	Ingredient(s) that provide a dominant curative action on the main pattern/disorder or primary symptoms.
3	WGM2#2769	臣藥；輔藥	① Ingredient(s) to help strengthen the action of the monarch medicines on main pattern or primary symptoms; ②ingredient(s) in a formula that provide a principal curative action for associated conditions or patterns.
3	WGM2#2770	佐藥	Ingredient(s) to help the monarch and minister medicines treat principal or associated patterns; to counterbalance the toxicity or drastic actions of the monarch or minister medicines; or has/ have the opposite flavour and property with the monarch medicines. They are further categorized into facilitating assistant medicines, counterbalancing assistant medicines and counteracting assistant medicines.
3	WGM2#2771	佐助藥	Ingredient(s) to help facilitate the action of the monarch and minister medicines on main or associated patterns.
3	WGM2#2772	佐製藥	Ingredient(s) to eliminate or moderate the toxicity and drastic actions of the monarch and minister medicines.
3	WGM2#2773	反佐藥	Ingredient(s) with a property opposite to and a therapeutic effect complementary to the monarch medicine(s).
3	WGM2#2774	使藥	Ingredient(s) to coordinate the rest of the ingredients or direct action to the affected meridians or sites. They are further categorized into coordinating medicines and meridian- directing medicines.
3	WGM2#2775	調和藥	The guide ingredient(s) to coordinate the rest of the ingredients in a formula.
3	WGM2#2776	劑型	The form of a prepared medicine designed for medical treatment or prevention.
3	WGM2#2777	湯劑；煎劑；湯液	A liquid preparation form by boiling or soaking the ingredients in water, and taken after the sediment is removed.
3	WGM2#2778	丸劑	A solid globular mass made of finely powdered medicines with a suitable excipient or binder. It can be further categorized into honeyed pills, water pills, water-honeyed pills, paste pills, concentration pills, wax-wrapped pills, and mini pills.
3	WGM2#2779	蜜丸	Pills made from fine medicinal powder and uses honey as the excipient.
3	WGM2#2780	水丸	Pills made from fine medicinal powder and uses water (alternatively, alcohol, vinegar, honeyed water or medicinal juice) as excipient.
3	WGM2#2781	糊丸	Pills made from fine medicinal powder and uses rice paste, flour paste or medicated leaven paste as the excipient.
3	WGM2#2782	濃縮丸	Pills made from concentrated paste of medicinal decoction coupled with other medicinal powder through drying, grinding and mixing with water, honey or medicinal juice.
3	WGM2#2783	蠟丸	Pills made from fine medicinal powder and uses beeswax as the excipient.
3	WGM2#2784	微丸	Pills with a diameter of less than 2.5 mm.
3	WGM2#2785	散劑	A powder-like preparation made from a mixture of one or more herbs.
3	WGM2#2786	膏劑	A medicated paste is made from decocted medicines with water or vegetable oil. It can be further categorized into fluid extract, extractum, ointment and plaster.
3	WGM2#2787	煎膏；膏滋；膏方	A semi-liquid form made from condensed medicinal decoction and processed honey/sugar.
3	WGM2#2788	流浸膏	A semi-liquid medicated preparation containing the active constituents with appropriate solvents.
3	WGM2#2789	浸膏	A concentrated medicated preparation obtained by extracting the active constituents with appropriate solvents.
3	WGM2#2790	軟膏；藥膏	A viscous, semi-solid preparation for external application. It is made from fine medicinal powder and ointment bases.
3	WGM2#2791	硬膏；膏藥；薄貼	A solid medicated dressing for external application. Often consists of medicines, edible vegetable oil and red lead.
3	WGM2#2792	顆粒劑；沖劑	Granulated preparations made by herbal extracts and an excipient or fine medicinal powder.
3	WGM2#2793	酒劑	A liquid form of herbal extracts prepared with distilled liquour.
3	WGM2#2794	茶劑	Preparations made from the infusion or decoction of herbs or herbal extracts.
3	WGM2#2795	錠劑	A solid form (shaped like a spindle, cylinder or bar) of fine medicinal powder or coupled with adhesive agents.
3	WGM2#2796	條劑	An external dosage form of fine medicinal powder mixed with mulberry paper.
3	WGM2#2797	線劑	A dried external dosage form of soaked and decocted silk or cotton thread.
3	WGM2#2798	灸劑	External dosage form of moxa wool or moxa sticks to apply to certain body parts or acupuncture points.
3	WGM2#2799	栓劑	A solid dosage form made from fine medicinal powder and bases. It is inserted into the rectum/ vagina, where it dissolves or melts and exerts local or systemic effects.
3	WGM2#2800	平旦服	To take the medicine in the morning on an empty stomach.
3	WGM2#2801	熱服	A method to take the decoction when it is hot.
3	WGM2#2802	溫服	A method to take the decoction when it is neither cold nor hot.
3	WGM2#2803	冷服	A method to take the decoction when it becomes cold.
3	WGM2#2804	噙化；含化	A method to melt the medicine in the mouth.
3	WGM2#2805	頓服	A method to take the decoction all in one single dose.
3	WGM2#2806	分服	A method to take the medicine in divided times.
3	WGM2#2807	頻服	A method to take the decoction in small portions at frequent intervals.
3	WGM2#2808	解表劑	Formulas to induce sweating, relieve muscle soreness, and/or promote the eruption of measles. They are indicated for exterior pattern. These formulas are categorized into three types— formulas to release the exterior with pungent, warm medicines, formulas to release the exterior with pungent, cool medicines and formulas to reinforce healthy qi and release the exterior.
3	WGM2#2809	辛溫解表劑	Formulas mainly consisting of pungent, warm and dispersing medicines. They are indicated for wind cold exterior pattern.
3	WGM2#2810	分經論治	These formulas are often used for common cold, headache, and perspiration. A representative formula is Jiu Wei Qiang Huo Tang (Nine Ingredients Notopterygium Decoction).
3	WGM2#2811	辛涼解表劑	Formulas mainly consisting of pungent, cool and dispersing medicines. They are indicated for exterior wind heat pattern.
3	WGM2#2812	扶正解表劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to release the exterior and reinforce the body. They are indicated for exterior pattern in individuals with a weak constitution.
3	WGM2#2813	瀉下劑	Formulas to promote bowel movements, remove food stagnation in the stomach and intestines, or resolve water retention. They are indicated for excessive interior pattern. These formulas are categorized into four types: formulas to drain downward with cold-property medicines; formulas to drain downward with warm-property medicines; formulas to drain downward with moistening medicines; and formulas to drain downward with water-expelling medicines.
3	WGM2#2814	寒下劑	Formulas mainly consisting of cold-property ingredients. They are indicated for interior excessive heat accumulation pattern.
3	WGM2#2815	釜底抽薪	Take away firewood from under the cauldron” s a metaphorical expression for the method of ischarging heat with purgation. These formulas ct to purge excess heat. A representative formula s Da Cheng Qi Tang (Major Purgative Decoction).
3	WGM2#2816	溫下劑	Formulas mainly consisting of warm, pungent medicines to warm yang and dissipate cold, coupled with bitter, cold medicines to purge pathogenic factors. They are indicated for excessive interior cold pattern.
3	WGM2#2817	潤下劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to nourish yin and purge the intestine. They are indicated for constipation due to intestinal dryness.
3	WGM2#2818	逐水劑	Formulas mainly consisting of purgative medicines to resolve water retention. They are indicated for interior water retention.
3	WGM2#2819	攻補兼施劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to purge the intestine and tonify the body. They are indicated for interior excess and deficiency of healthy qi.
3	WGM2#2820	增水行舟	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to nourish yin and generate fluids. They are indicated for constipation due to heat in Yangming organ. A representative formula is Zeng Ye Tang (Fluid- Increasing Decoction).
3	WGM2#2821	和解劑	Formulas to harmonize and release Shaoyang, coordinate the liver and spleen, and regulate the stomach and intestines. They are used to treat pathogenic factor affecting the Shaoyang, disharmony between the liver and spleen and lack of coordination between the stomach and intestines. These formulas are categorized into three types: formulas to harmonize Shaoyang; formulas to harmonize the liver and spleen; and formulas to harmonize the stomach and intestines.
3	WGM2#2822	和解少陽劑	Formulas that are indicated for cold damage affecting the Shaoyang (combined exterior and interior pattern).
3	WGM2#2823	調和肝脾劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to soothe and soften the liver, regulate qi, nourish blood and strengthen the spleen. They are indicated for disharmony between the liver and spleen.
3	WGM2#2824	調和腸胃劑	Formulas mainly consisting of pungent warm and bitter, cold medicines to disperse and down- regulate qi. They are indicated for disharmony between the stomach and intestines.
3	WGM2#2825	清熱劑	Formulas mainly consisting of heat-clearing medicines. They act to clear fire/heat, cool blood and remove toxins. These formulas are categorized into six types: formulas to clear heat in the qi phase; formulas that clear heat in the Ying nutrients phase and cool blood; formulas to clear heat in both qi and blood; formulas to clear heat and remove toxins; formulas to clear heat in Zang– fu organs; and formulas to clear deficiency heat.
3	WGM2#2826	清氣分熱劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to clear heat. They are indicated for heat in the qi phase.
3	WGM2#2827	甘寒清熱	Formulas that are indicated for exuberant heat damaging bodily fluids. They mainly consist of sweet and cold medicines: the sweet ones to nourish yin and regenerate fluids, and the cold/ cool ones to clear heat. A representative formula is Wu Zhi Yin (Five-Juice Beverage).
3	WGM2#2828	清營涼血劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to clear heat and cool blood. They are indicated for heat entering the Ying nutrients and blood phases.
3	WGM2#2829	透熱轉氣	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to clear heat and remove toxins, coupled with medicines to clear heat in the qi phase. They are indicated for the early stage of heat entering the Ying nutrients phase in febrile diseases. A representative formula is Qing Ying Tang (Ying Phase Clearing Decoction).
3	WGM2#2830	火鬱發之	Formulas to expel stagnant heat/fire through dispersing, ascending and unblocking using light medicines. Representative formulas are Pu Ji Xiao Du Yin (Universal Relief Toxin-Removing Beverage) and Qing Wei San (Stomach-Clearing Powder).
3	WGM2#2831	以瀉代清	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to clear heat and purge the intestine. They are indicated for interior heat. A representative formula is Liang Ge San (Diaphragm-Cooling Powder).
3	WGM2#2832	清熱解毒劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to clear heat and remove toxins. They are indicated for pestilence, pathogenic warmth and toxic heat pattern.
3	WGM2#2833	苦寒直折	Formulas that are indicated for exuberant interior heat. These formulas mainly consist of bitter, cold medicines: the bitter ones to clear fire and the cold ones to clear heat. A representative formula is Huang Lian Jie Du Tang (Coptis Toxin-Resolving Decoction).
3	WGM2#2834	氣血兩清劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to clear heat, cool blood and remove toxins. They are indicated for pestilence heat in both qi and blood.
3	WGM2#2835	清臟腑熱劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to clear internal heat. They are indicated for interior heat pattern.
3	WGM2#2836	清虛熱劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to clear deficiency heat. They are indicated for deficiency heat.
3	WGM2#2837	先入後出	Formulas that are used for later stage of febrile diseases with retention of pathogenic factors in the Yin phase. A representative formula is Qing Hao Bei Jie Tang (Sweet Wormwood and Turtle Shell Decoction). Bie Jia (Carapax Trionycis) guides Qing Hao (Herba Artemisiae Annuae) to the interior and Qing Hao guides Bie Jia out to the exterior. The combination of the two ingredients nourishes yin and clears internal heat.
3	WGM2#2838	祛暑劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to clear summer heat. They are indicated for summer heat- related problems. These formulas are categorized into four types: formulas to clear summer heat; formulas to clear summer heat and release the exterior; formulas to clear summer heat and resolve dampness; and formulas to clear summer heat and benefit qi.
3	WGM2#2839	祛暑清熱劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to clear summer heat. They are indicated for summer heat pattern.
3	WGM2#2840	祛暑解表劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to clear summer heat, transform dampness or release the exterior. They are indicated for exposure to wind heat and summer heat damaging the spleen and stomach.
3	WGM2#2841	祛暑利濕劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to clear summer heat and resolve dampness. They are indicated for summer heat and dampness or downward flow of summer heat and dampness.
3	WGM2#2842	清暑益氣劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to clear summer heat, supplement qi, and nourish yin. They are indicated for summer heat damaging qi and bodily fluids.
3	WGM2#2843	溫裡劑	Formulas to warm the interior, supplement yang, dispel cold, and unblock blood vessels. They are indicated for interior cold pattern. These formulas are categorized into three types: formulas to warm the middle jiao and remove cold; formulas to resuscitate yang to prevent collapse; and formulas to warm meridians and dispel cold.
3	WGM2#2844	溫中祛寒劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to warm the interior and remove cold. They are indicated for deficiency cold of the spleen and stomach.
3	WGM2#2845	回陽救逆劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to warm yang and prevent fainting. They are indicated for approaching collapse of yang qi.
3	WGM2#2846	溫經散寒劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to warm and unblock meridians and remove cold. They are indicated for joint pain due to cold retaining in meridians.
3	WGM2#2847	表裡雙解劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to release the exterior, warm the interior, and reinforce the body. They are indicated for pattern involving both the exterior and interior. These formulas are further categorized into three subtypes: exterior-releasing and interior-clearing formulas; exterior-releasing and interior-warming formulas; and exterior-releasing and interior- attacking formulas.
3	WGM2#2848	解表攻裡劑	Formulas mainly consisting of exterior-releasing medicines and purgative medicines. They are indicated for retention of exogenous pathogens coupled with interior excess pattern.
3	WGM2#2849	解表清裡劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to release the exterior and clear heat. They are indicated for retention of exogenous pathogens coupled with interior heat.
3	WGM2#2850	解表溫裡劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to release the exterior and warm the interior. They are indicated for retention of exogenous pathogens coupled with interior cold.
3	WGM2#2851	補益劑	Formulas mainly consisting of tonic medicines. They are indicated for deficiency of qi, blood and yin and yang. These formulas are further categorized into six types: formulas to tonify qi; formulas to tonify blood; formulas to tonify qi and blood; formulas to nourish yin; formulas to tonify yang; and formulas to tonify yin and yang.
3	WGM2#2852	補氣劑	Formulas mainly consisting of qi-tonifying medicines. They are indicated for qi deficiency pattern.
3	WGM2#2853	甘溫除熱	Formulas consisting of sweet, warm medicines. They are indicated for fever due to qi deficiency or yang deficiency. Representative formulas are Xiao Jian Zhong Tang (Minor Middle Jiao-Fortifying Decoction) and Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang (Middle Jiao- Supplementing and Qi-Boosting Decoction).
3	WGM2#2854	補血劑	Formulas mainly consisting of blood-tonifying medicines. They are indicated for blood deficiency pattern.
3	WGM2#2855	氣血雙補劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to tonify qi and blood. They are indicated for deficiency of both qi and blood.
3	WGM2#2856	補陰劑	Formulas mainly consisting of yin-nourishing medicines. They are indicated for yin deficiency pattern.
3	WGM2#2857	陽中求陰	A method to combine a small amount of yang- tonifying medicines for kidney yin deficiency. This method enhances the effect of nourishing yin. The representative formula is Zuo Gui Wan (Left- Restoring Pill).
3	WGM2#2858	補陽劑	Formulas mainly consisting of yang-tonifying medicines. They are indicated for yang deficiency pattern.
3	WGM2#2859	陰中求陽	Formulas to combine a small amount of yin- nourishing medicines for kidney yang deficiency. This method enhances the effect of warming yang. The representative formula is You Gui Wan (Right- Restoring Pill).
3	WGM2#2860	陰陽並補	Formulas consisting of yin-nourishing and yang- tonifying medicines. They are indicated for deficiency of yin and yang.
3	WGM2#2861	安神劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to calm the mind. Indicated for mental restlessness. These formulas are categorized into two types: formulas to calm the mind with heavy medicines; and formulas to tranquilize the mind by nourishing yin and blood.
3	WGM2#2862	重鎮安神劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines (heavy in weight) to calm the mind. They are indicated for hyperactivity of heart yang and heat disturbing the heart mind.
3	WGM2#2863	滋養安神劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to nourish and calm the mind. They are indicated for yin blood failing to nourish the heart mind.
3	WGM2#2864	開竅劑	Formulas containing aromatic medicines. They are indicated for loss of consciousness and blockage of orifices. These formulas are categorized into two types: formulas to clear heat; and formulas to warm the interior and open the orifices.
3	WGM2#2865	涼開劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to clear heat and open the orifices. They are indicated for heat blockage pattern due to toxic heat entering the pericardium in febrile disease.
3	WGM2#2866	溫開劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to dispel cold and open the orifices. They are indicated for cold blockage pattern: cold, dampness and turbid phlegm blocking the mind or filthy turbidity obstructing the flow of qi.
3	WGM2#2867	固澀劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to astringe or secure qi, blood, essence and body fluids. They are indicated for loss of or abnormal leakage/discharge of qi, blood, essence and body fluids. These formulas are categorized into five types: formulas to secure the exterior and stop sweating; formulas to astringe the lung and stop coughing; formulas to astringe the large intestine and stop diarrhoea; secure the essence gate and stop nocturnal emissions/urinary emissions; and secure Chong and Ren meridians and stop uterine bleeding/leucorrhoea.
3	WGM2#2868	固表止汗劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to astringe and stop sweating. They are indicated for sweating disorders.
3	WGM2#2869	斂肺止咳劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to astringe the lung. They are indicated for lung deficiency pattern due to chronic coughing.
3	WGM2#2870	澀腸固脫劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to astringe the intestines and secure collapse. They are indicated for faecal incontinence or rectal prolapse.
3	WGM2#2871	澀精止遺劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to secure the semen and astringe urination. They are indicated for nocturnal emissions or enuresis.
3	WGM2#2872	固崩止帶劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to stop bleeding and vaginal discharge. They are indicated for metrorrhagia, metrostaxis or profuse vaginal discharge.
3	WGM2#2873	理氣劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to move or down-regulate qi. They are indicated for qi stagnation or adverse ascending of qi. These formulas are categorized into two types: formulas to circulate qi; and formulas to down-regulate qi.
3	WGM2#2874	行氣劑	Formulas that act to unblock qi activities and are often indicated for liver or spleen/stomach qi stagnation.
3	WGM2#2875	降氣劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to make the qi descend. These formulas are indicated for adverse ascending of qi.
3	WGM2#2876	理血劑	Formulas mainly consisting of blood-regulating medicines. They are indicated for blood stasis or haemorrhage. These formulas are subdivided into two types: formulas to circulate blood and resolve stasis; and formulas to stop bleeding.
3	WGM2#2877	活血祛瘀劑	Formulas mainly consisting of blood-circulating medicines. They are indicated for blood stasis pattern.
3	WGM2#2878	剛柔相濟	Formulas that combined dry, pungent and aromatic medicines with soft, sweet and moistening medicines. A representative formula is Huang Tu Tang (Yellow Earth Decoction).
3	WGM2#2879	止血劑	Formulas mainly consisting of haemostatic drugs. They are indicated for bleeding pattern.
3	WGM2#2880	治風劑	Formulas mainly consisting of wind-removing or wind-extinguishing medicines. They are indicated for external or internal wind.
3	WGM2#2881	疏散外風劑	Formulas mainly consisting of pungent medicines to remove external wind. They are indicated for external wind pattern.
3	WGM2#2882	平熄內風劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to soothe the liver and extinguish wind. They are indicated for internal stirring of liver wind.
3	WGM2#2883	治燥劑	Formulas that act to dispel external dryness with pungent, light-weight ingredients or eliminate internal dryness with sweet, cold and yin-nourishing ingredients. These formulas are subdivided into two types: formulas to dispel external dryness; and formulas to nourish yin and moisten internal dryness.
3	WGM2#2884	輕宣潤燥劑	Formulas mainly consisting of pungent medicines light in weight and dispersing in function. They are indicated for external dryness pattern.
3	WGM2#2885	滋陰潤燥劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines (sweet in flavour and cool in property) to moisten dryness. They are indicated for internal dryness pattern.
3	WGM2#2886	祛濕劑	Formulas that act to resolve water retention and relieve stranguria are indicated for water dampness pattern. These formulas are categorized into five types: formulas to dry dampness and harmonize the stomach; formulas to clear heat and eliminate dampness; formulas to promote urination and drain dampness; formulas to warm and transform cold dampness; and formulas to remove wind and transform dampness.
3	WGM2#2887	燥濕和胃劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to dry dampness and harmonize the stomach. They are indicated for dampness affecting the spleen and stomach or disharmony of stomach qi.
3	WGM2#2888	清熱祛濕劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to clear heat and resolve dampness. They are indicated for damp heat pattern.
3	WGM2#2889	利水滲濕劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines (sweet or bland in flavour) to drain dampness through urination. They are indicated for water dampness pattern.
3	WGM2#2890	溫化水濕劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to warm yang and transform water and dampness. They are indicated for cold dampness pattern.
3	WGM2#2891	祛風勝濕劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to remove wind and transform dampness. They are mainly indicated for wind dampness pattern.
3	WGM2#2892	祛痰劑	Formulas that are indicated for phlegm from all causes. These formulas are subdivided into five types: formulas to dry dampness and transform phlegm; formulas to clear heat and transform phlegm; formulas to moisten dryness and transform phlegm; formulas to warm and transform phlegm; and formulas to stop wind and transform phlegm.
3	WGM2#2893	燥濕化痰劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to dry dampness and transform phlegm. They are indicated for damp phlegm pattern.
3	WGM2#2894	清熱化痰劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to clear heat and transform phlegm. They are indicated for heat phlegm pattern.
3	WGM2#2895	潤燥化痰劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to moisten the lung and transform phlegm. They are indicated for dry phlegm pattern.
3	WGM2#2896	溫化寒痰劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to warm and transform cold phlegm. They are indicated for cold phlegm pattern.
3	WGM2#2897	治風化痰劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to remove/extinguish wind and transform phlegm. They are indicated for wind phlegm pattern.
3	WGM2#2898	消導化積劑	Formulas to promote digestion. They are indicated for food stagnation from different causes. These formulas are subdivided into two types: formulas to promote digestion to resolve stagnation; and formulas to strengthen the spleen to promote digestion.
3	WGM2#2899	消食導滯劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to promote digestion. They are indicated for poor digestion due to food stagnation.
3	WGM2#2900	消痞化積劑	Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to circulate qi, transform stasis, soften hardness and eliminate masses. They are indicated for stuffiness, fullness, stagnation or paediatric malnutrition due to food stagnation damaging the spleen and stomach.
3	WGM2#2901	驅蟲劑	Formulas to kill intestinal parasites/worms. They are indicated for intestinal parasites.
3	WGM2#2902	湧吐劑	Formulas to induce vomiting, expectorate phlegm, undigested food and poison in the stomach. They are indicated for phlegm syncope, food stagnation and food poisoning.
3	WGM2#2903	治瘍劑	Formulas to remove toxins, resolve swelling, expel toxins, regenerate tissues, and heal the wound.
3	WGM2#2904	中成藥	Safe, effective and reliable Chinese medical preparations that have been tested by clinical use and manufactured according to standard technical procedures.
2	WGM2#2905	3.4 養生保健方法
2	WGM2#2906	3.5 針灸類(含拔罐、刮痧）
3	WGM2#2907	經絡腧穴類
3	WGM2#2908	經絡	Meridians and collaterals are pathways for qi and blood to flow throughout the body. They form a comprehensive network linking the tissues and internal organs into an organic whole.
3	WGM2#2909	十二經脈；十二正經	The twelve meridians (i.e. the twelve regular meridians) are: the lung meridian; the large intestine meridian; the stomach meridian; the spleen meridian; the heart meridian; the small intestine meridian; the bladder meridian; the kidney meridian; the pericardium meridian; the Sanjiao meridian; the gallbladder meridian; and the liver meridian.
3	WGM2#2910	手太陰肺經	The lung meridian pertains to the lung and connects with the large intestine. It mainly travels along the anterior border of the medial aspect of the arm.
3	WGM2#2911	手陽明大腸經	The large intestine meridian pertains to the large intestine and connects with the lung. It mainly travels along the anterior border of the radial aspect of the arm, passes through the cheeks, enters the lower teeth, and then over the upper lip and terminates beside the opposite nostril.
3	WGM2#2912	足陽明胃經	The stomach meridian pertains to the stomach and connects with the spleen. It starts directly below the pupil between the eyeball and the infraorbital ridge. Running downward along the lateral side of the nose, to the lateral corner of the mouth. Curving posterior to the anterior angle of the mandible. Then it travels to the posterior aspect of the mandible ascending in front of the ear and following the anterior hairline, it reaches the forehead. It then runs along the throat and enters the supraclavicular fossa. The straight line of the meridian separates the supraclavicular fossa and runs downward along the middle mammillary line. It travels to the side of the umbilicus and descends to the inguinal groove. Running downward it travels along the anterior aspect of the thigh and reaches the knee. From there is continues further down along the anterior border of the lateral aspect of the tibia to the dorsum of the foot and reaches the lateral side of the tip of the second toe.
3	WGM2#2913	足太陰脾經	The spleen meridian pertains to the spleen and connects with the stomach. It mainly travels along the anterior border of the medial aspect of the leg and passes through the chest and abdomen.
3	WGM2#2914	手少陰心經	The heart meridian pertains to the heart and connects with the small intestine. It mainly travels along the posterior border of the ulnar palmar aspect of the arm.
3	WGM2#2915	手太陽小腸經	The small intestine meridian pertains to the small intestine and connects with the heart. It mainly travels along the posterior border of the dorsal ulnar aspect of the arm, passes through the shoulder and reaches the face.
3	WGM2#2916	足太陽膀胱經	The bladder meridian pertains to the urinary bladder and connects with the kidney. It is mainly distributed over the head, back and along the back of the leg.
3	WGM2#2917	足少陰腎經	The kidney meridian pertains to the kidney and connects with the urinary bladder. It mainly travels along the posterior border of the medial aspect of the leg and passes through the chest and abdomen, finally terminating at the root of the tongue.
3	WGM2#2918	手厥陰心包經	The pericardium meridian pertains to the pericardium and connects with the Sanjiao. It mainly travels along the palmar aspect of the upper arm and moves towards the forearm running between the tendons of the m. palmaris longus and m. flexor carpi radialis.
3	WGM2#2919	手少陽三焦經	The Sanjiao meridian pertains to Sanjiao and connects with the pericardium. It is mainly distributed along the dorsal aspect of the forearm between the radius and ulna and reaches the ears and face.
3	WGM2#2920	足少陽膽經	The gallbladder meridian pertains to the gallbladder and connects with the liver. It is mainly distributed over the head, sides of the head, chest, and abdomen and descends down to the lateral aspect of the leg.
3	WGM2#2921	足厥陰肝經	The liver meridian pertains to the liver and connects with the gallbladder. It mainly travels along the medial aspect of the leg, passes over the chest and abdomen, and its divergent meridian reaches the vertex.
3	WGM2#2922	手三陰經	The three hand-yin meridians are lung meridian, heart meridian and pericardium meridian.
3	WGM2#2923	手三陽經	The three hand-yang meridians are large intestine meridian, small intestine meridian and Sanjiao meridian.
3	WGM2#2924	足三陰經	The three foot-yin meridians are spleen meridian, kidney meridian and liver meridian.
3	WGM2#2925	足三陽經	The three foot-yang meridians are stomach meridian, bladder meridian and gallbladder meridian.
3	WGM2#2926	奇經八脈	The eight extraordinary meridians are different from the twelve regular meridians with special distributions and functions. They are Du meridian, Ren meridian, Chong meridian, Dai meridian, Yinwei meridian, Yangwei meridian, Yinqiao meridian and Yangqiao meridian.
3	WGM2#2927	督脈	The Du meridian is mainly distributed over the head, face and along the midline of the back.
3	WGM2#2928	任脈	The Ren meridian is mainly distributed over the neck, face and along the midline of the chest and abdomen.
3	WGM2#2929	沖脈	The Chong meridian is mainly distributed over the chest and face, inside the spine and along the first lateral line of the abdomen.
3	WGM2#2930	帶脈	The Dai meridian is mainly distributed over the waist, subcostal area and abdomen. It encircles the waist like a girdle.
3	WGM2#2931	陰蹻脈	The Yinqiao meridian is mainly distributed over the heel, the medial aspect of the leg, perineum, abdomen, chest, head, and eyes.
3	WGM2#2932	陽蹻脈	The Yangqiao meridian is mainly distributed over the heel, lateral aspect of the leg, thigh, subcostal area, shoulder, head and eyes.
3	WGM2#2933	陰維脈	The Yinwei meridian is mainly distributed over the medial aspect of the leg and thigh and ascends along the third lateral line of the abdomen. It reaches the throat and meets with the Ren meridian at Tiantu (Ren 22) and Lianquan (Ren 23).
3	WGM2#2934	陽維脈	The Yangwei meridian is mainly distributed below the external malleolus, the lateral aspect of the leg, and over the subcostal area, shoulder and sides of the head. It meets with the Du meridian at Fengfu (Du 16) and Yamen (Du 15).
3	WGM2#2935	絡脈	Collaterals are branches of meridians, including minute collaterals, blood collaterals and superficial collaterals.
3	WGM2#2936	十五絡脈	The fifteen collaterals include the collaterals of the twelve meridians, the collaterals of the Du and Ren meridian as well as the major collateral of the spleen.
3	WGM2#2937	十六絡脈	The sixteen collaterals include the above- mentioned fifteen collaterals plus the major collateral of the stomach.
3	WGM2#2938	脾之大絡	The major collateral of the spleen begins from Dabao (SP 21), emerges at 3 cun below Yuanye (GB 22) and spreads over the chest and subcostal area.
3	WGM2#2939	胃之大絡	The major collateral of the stomach begins from Xuli (the pulsation at the apex of the heart), passes through the diaphragm, connects with the lung and emerges from the left breast.
3	WGM2#2940	血絡	Superficial vessels visible to the naked eye.
3	WGM2#2941	浮絡	Collaterals on the surface of the body.
3	WGM2#2942	孫絡	Extremely small collaterals.
3	WGM2#2943	十二經別；經別	The twelve divergent meridians branch out from the twelve regular meridians and are deeper in the body. They function to strengthen the connection between internally-externally coupled meridians.
3	WGM2#2944	十二經筋；經筋	The twelve muscle regions are corresponding sites where the qi and blood of the twelve meridians to nourish the muscles and tendons. Their distributions are almost the same as that of the twelve meridians.
3	WGM2#2945	十二皮部；皮部	The twelve cutaneous regions are corresponding sites where the qi and blood of the twelve meridians to nourish the skin. They are generally known as the outward manifestations of the twelve meridians and collaterals.
3	WGM2#2946	根結	The word“Gen”literally means root. It shares the similar meaning with“Ben”.The word“Jie” literally means knot. It shares the similar meaning with“Biao”(see Biao and Ben).
3	WGM2#2947	標本	The word“biao”literally means the tip of tree branches. Here it refers to the head, face and body trunk where meridian qi diffuses. The word“ben” literally means the trunk of a tree. Here it refers to the four limbs where meridian qi gathers.
3	WGM2#2948	氣街	Qi streets are the pathways for meridian qi to flow over the head and body trunk. There is a total of four qi streets, respectively on the head, chest, abdomen and lower leg.
3	WGM2#2949	四海	The four seas include the sea of marrow, sea of qi, sea of water and food, and sea of blood (sea of the twelve meridians).
3	WGM2#2950	髓海	The brain is known as“the sea of marrow”.
3	WGM2#2951	氣海	The chest is known as“the sea of qi”.
3	WGM2#2952	水穀之海	The stomach is known as“the sea of water and food”.
3	WGM2#2953	血海	The Chong meridian is known as“the sea of blood (sea of the twelve meridians)”.
3	WGM2#2954	陽脈之海	The Du meridian governs meridian qi of all yang meridians and is therefore known as“the sea of yang meridians”.
3	WGM2#2955	陰脈之海	The Ren meridian governs meridian qi of all yin meridians and is therefore known as“the sea of yin meridians”.
3	WGM2#2956	一源三歧	The Du, Ren and Chong meridians all arise from a common origin:“baozhong”(the lower abdomen where primordial kidney qi gathers), emerge out of the perineum, and then travels along their own pathways.
3	WGM2#2957	循經感傳	Sensations radiating along the pathways of meridians.
3	WGM2#2958	經絡現象	Specific disturbance of sensation, transmission of sensation and visible changes in skin colour and quality along the pathways of meridians.
3	WGM2#2959	肺系	The trachea and throat. The word“xi”means connecting tissues or structures.
3	WGM2#2960	目系	The posterior intraocular structures connecting with the brain.
3	WGM2#2961	心系	The structures connecting with the heart, such as blood vessels.
3	WGM2#2962	赤白肉際	The boundary between the palmar aspect and dorsal aspect of the hands and feet. The skin on the palm aspect appears white, whereas the skin on the dorsal aspect appears red or brown. It is often used as an anatomical landmark to locate certain points.
3	WGM2#2963	關闔樞	Three objects of a door are used figuratively to express the functions of the three yang and three yin meridians. Of the three yang meridians, Taiyang is compared to the bolt, Yangming to the plank and Shaoyang to the hinge. Of the three yin meridians, Taiyin is compared to the bolt, Jueyin to the plank and Shaoyin to the hinge.
3	WGM2#2964	腧穴	The specific sites where the qi and blood of the zang–fu organs and meridians are transported to the surface of the body. They are pathological reaction points and, at the same time, acupuncture stimulation points.
3	WGM2#2965	經穴	Acupuncture points of the fourteen meridians (i.e. twelve regular meridians + Du meridian + Ren meridian).
3	WGM2#2966	經外奇穴；奇穴	The points that are not contained in the above- mentioned fourteen meridians; however, these points have specific names and locations.
3	WGM2#2967	阿是穴；天應穴	The points of sensitivity or tenderness. They are neither meridians points nor extra points, and they do not have specific names or locations.
3	WGM2#2968	特定穴	The meridians points that have special names and functions.
3	WGM2#2969	五輸穴	A collective term of the Jing-well, Ying-spring, Shu-stream, Jing-river and He-sea points. They are all located distal to, or at the elbow and knee joints.
3	WGM2#2970	井穴	The point at which the qi rises is known as the Jing-well. Most Jing-well points are located on the fingers or toes.
3	WGM2#2971	滎穴	The point at which the qi glides is known as the Ying-spring. The Ying-spring points are generally located distal to the metacarpophalangeal or metatarsophalangeal joints.
3	WGM2#2972	輸穴	The point at which the qi pours through is known as the Shu-stream. The Shu-stream points are generally located proximal to the metacarpophalangeal joints or metatarsophalangeal joints.
3	WGM2#2973	經穴	The point at which the qi flows is known as the Jing-river. The Jing-river points are located around the joints of the wrists or ankles.
3	WGM2#2974	合穴	The point at which the qi enters inwards is known as the He-sea. The He-sea points are located around the joints of the elbows or knees.
3	WGM2#2975	原穴	The points where the Yuan-primordial qi pools.
3	WGM2#2976	絡穴	The points where a meridian exits off from the main flow and connects with the Yin/Yang paired meridian.
3	WGM2#2977	郤穴	The points where meridian qi is deeply converged.
3	WGM2#2978	背俞穴	The points on the back where qi of the respective zang–fu organs is infused.
3	WGM2#2979	募穴	The points on the chest and abdomen where qi of the respective zang–fu organs is infused.
3	WGM2#2980	八會穴	The points that have particular effects in the treatment of disorders relating to the zang, fu, qi, blood, tendon, vessels, bones and marrow.
3	WGM2#2981	八脈交會穴	The points where qi of the twelve regular meridians meets the eight extraordinary meridians.
3	WGM2#2982	下合穴	The points where qi of the six fu organs is infused into the three foot-yang meridians.
3	WGM2#2983	交會穴	The points intersected by two or more meridians.
3	WGM2#2984	針灸配穴	The selection of different points in acupuncture treatment.
3	WGM2#2985	近部取穴	A method to choose points at or close to the affected body area.
3	WGM2#2986	遠部取穴	A method to choose points away from the affected body area.
3	WGM2#2987	隨證取穴	A method to choose points according to differentiated pattern.
3	WGM2#2988	本經配穴法	A method to combine points along the affected meridian.
3	WGM2#2989	表裡（經）配穴法	A method to combine points from the internally- externally connected meridians.
3	WGM2#2990	同名經配穴法	A method to combine points from one hand meridian and one foot meridian that share the same name.
3	WGM2#2991	上下配穴法	A method to combine points on the upper and lower body.
3	WGM2#2992	前後配穴法	A method to combine points on the back and front of the body.
3	WGM2#2993	左右配穴法	A method to combine points on the left and right side of the body.
3	WGM2#2994	原絡配穴法	A method to combine the Yuan-source and Luo- connecting points.
3	WGM2#2995	主客原絡配穴法	A point combination method to use the Yuan- primary point of the affected meridian coupled with the Luo-connecting point of its interiorly- exteriorly connected meridian. This method is often employed to treat problems of the zang–fu organs and meridians.
3	WGM2#2996	俞募配穴法	A method to combine the back-Shu and front-Mu points.
3	WGM2#2997	腧穴定位法	The acupuncture points can be located according to the anatomical landmarks, proportional bone measurement, and finger measurement, etc.
3	WGM2#2998	骨度分寸法	A method to use landmarks on the body surface, primarily joints, to measure the length and width of various parts of the body. Then the width or length is divided respectively into definite numbers of equal units as the standards for the proportional measurement.
3	WGM2#2999	手指同身寸	A method to locate acupuncture points based on the finger sizes of the patient.
3	WGM2#3000	拇指同身寸	A method to take the width of the interphalangeal joint of the thumb as 1 cun.
3	WGM2#3001	中指同身寸	A method to take the distance between the ends of the two radial creases of the interphalangeal joints of the middle finger as 1 cun when the middle finger is flexed.
3	WGM2#3002	橫指同身寸；一夫法	A method to take the width of the patients’ four fingers (index, middle, ring and little) close together at the level of the dorsal skin crease of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the middle finger as three cun. It is also known as“Yi Fu Fa”in Chinese.
3	WGM2#3003	針刺類
3	WGM2#3004	針尖	The sharpest part of a needle.
3	WGM2#3005	針柄	The part of the needle held by an acupuncturist.
3	WGM2#3006	針體（針身）	The part between the tip and the handle.
3	WGM2#3007	針根	The demarcation line between the handle and the body.
3	WGM2#3008	不銹鋼針	Acupuncture needles made of stainless steel. It is now commonly used in clinical practice.
3	WGM2#3009	銀質針	Acupuncture needles made of silver. They are often used in warming needle because of their good thermal and electrical conduction.
3	WGM2#3010	金質針	Acupuncture needles made of gold.
3	WGM2#3011	針刺方法	Basic acupuncture techniques.
3	WGM2#3012	毫針刺法	Basic techniques in using filiform needles.
3	WGM2#3013	刺手	The hand to hold and insert a needle.
3	WGM2#3014	押手	The hand that presses the puncturing area with one or more fingers, to facilitate needle insertion.
3	WGM2#3015	雙手進針法	A method to insert a needle into a point by using both the puncturing hand and pressing hand.
3	WGM2#3016	指切進針法	A method to press the skin of puncturing area with the nail of thumb or index finger of the pressing hand and insert the needle against the fingernail with the needling hand.
3	WGM2#3017	夾持進針法	A method to hold the lower part of the needle body with a piece of sterile cotton or gauze between the thumb and index finger of the pressing hand while inserting a needle. (Press the skin adjacent to the the needling site with the nail of thumb or index finger of the pressing hand, while inserting a needle against the fingernail with the needling hand).
3	WGM2#3018	舒張進針法	A method to stretch the skin around the puncturing area with the thumb and index finger (or the index and middle fingers) of the pressing hand while inserting a needle.
3	WGM2#3019	提捏進針法	A method to pinch and lift the skin of the puncturing area with the thumb and index finger of the pressing hand while inserting a needle.
3	WGM2#3020	單手進針法	A method to insert a needle into a point by using the puncturing hand alone.
3	WGM2#3021	管針進針法	A method to insert a needle using a fine tube as a guide.
3	WGM2#3022	散刺法	A needling technique to prick a point and its surrounding area.
3	WGM2#3023	挑刺法（挑治法）	A needling technique to gently prick using a three- edged needle and let out a small amount of blood or tissue fluid.
3	WGM2#3024	點刺法	A needling technique to prick superficially and then remove immediately. It is often used for Jing- well points or blood-letting.
3	WGM2#3025	刺絡法	A needling technique to prick superficial collaterals using a three-edged or a (single- use, disposable) seven-star needle to let out appropriate amount of blood.
3	WGM2#3026	針刺角度	The angle formed between the needle body and the skin while the needle is being inserted.
3	WGM2#3027	直刺	The needle insertion at a 90° angle to the skin.
3	WGM2#3028	斜刺	The needle insertion at a 45° angle to the skin.
3	WGM2#3029	平刺；橫刺，沿皮刺	Needle insertion at a 15° angle to the skin.
3	WGM2#3030	透刺	A method to insert a needle from one point towards another point (or more points).
3	WGM2#3031	行針；運針	Manipulating the needle after insertion to produce the desired effect.
3	WGM2#3032	提插法	A needling manipulation to lift and thrust a needle.
3	WGM2#3033	撚轉法	A needling manipulation to twirl (turn) or rotate a needle.
3	WGM2#3034	循法	A method to gently tap or massage the skin along the pathways of meridians to promote the flow of qi.
3	WGM2#3035	彈（柄）法	A needling manipulation to flick the handle of the needle to promote the flow of qi.
3	WGM2#3036	刮（柄）法	A needling manipulation to scrape the handle of the needle with fingernails to promote the flow of qi.
3	WGM2#3037	搖（柄）法	A needling manipulation to shake the needle handle to promote the flow of qi.
3	WGM2#3038	飛法	A needling manipulation to twist the needle handle with the thumb and index finger for a couple of times and release the fingers. The repeated twisting and releasing resembles a bird spreading its wings.
3	WGM2#3039	震顫法	A needling manipulation to hold the handle of the needle and make a small-amplitude and rapid lifting and thrusting to cause the needle to vibrate up and down to promote the flow of qi.
3	WGM2#3040	得氣	The arrival of qi is signalled by particular sensations felt by the patient and the practitioner. For the patient, it typically refers to soreness, numbness, distension and heaviness felt around the needle (but may move up or down along the meridian). For the practitioner, it refers to a gripping sensation or a feeling of pressure underneath the needle.
3	WGM2#3041	針感	Typical sensations of soreness, numbness, distension and heaviness felt around the needle by the patient.
3	WGM2#3042	候氣	A method to leave the needle in place for a while after insertion, without any manipulation.
3	WGM2#3043	催氣	A method to manipulate the needle to stimulate the flow of qi.
3	WGM2#3044	氣至病所	The effect of needling sensation reaching an affected area.
3	WGM2#3045	針刺補瀉	Needling manipulations to reinforce healthy qi for deficiency pattern and to remove pathogenic factors for excess pattern.
3	WGM2#3046	撚轉補瀉	Needling manipulations to reinforce or reduce according to the twirling/rotating direction, angle, frequency and duration.
3	WGM2#3047	提插補瀉	Needling manipulations to reinforce or reduce according to the forcefulness, speed, amplitude and duration of the lifting and thrusting.
3	WGM2#3048	徐疾補瀉	Needling manipulations to reinforce or reduce according to the slow or rapid needle insertion and withdrawal.
3	WGM2#3049	迎隨補瀉	Needling manipulations to reinforce or reduce by going against or following the pathways of meridians.
3	WGM2#3050	呼吸補瀉	Needling manipulations to reinforce or reduce by inserting or withdrawing the needle when the patient breathes in or out.
3	WGM2#3051	開闔補瀉	Needling manipulations to reinforce or reduce by opening or closing the needle holes.
3	WGM2#3052	平補平瀉	Needling manipulations to lift, thrust, or twirl evenly.
3	WGM2#3053	燒山火	A complex reinforcing manipulation to induce local or general warming sensation. The point to be needled is divided into three levels: shallow (heaven), intermediate (man) and deep (earth). Insert the needle into the shallow level first and then down to the intermediate and deep levels, coupled with rapid thrusting and slow lifting for a total of nine times in each level. Repeat the procedure three times and leave the needle in the deep level.
3	WGM2#3054	透天涼	A complex reducing manipulation to induce local or general cool sensation. The point to be needled is divided into three levels: shallow (heaven), intermediate (man) and deep (earth). Insert the needle to the deep level first and then lift to the intermediate and shallow levels, coupled with rapid lifting and slow thrusting for a total of six times in each level. Repeat the procedure three times and leave the needle in the shallow level.
3	WGM2#3055	子母補瀉法	One of the reinforcing or reducing manipulations. Manipulations of reinforcing the mother or reducing the son are selected according to deficiency or excess of the zang–fu organs or meridian problems.
3	WGM2#3056	子午流注	cial theory for point selection. The midnight- (Zi Wu) represents the time. The ebb-flow Zhu) refers to the circulation of qi and blood. theory believes the meridian qi and blood from Zi time (11:00 pm–1:00 am) to Wu time 0 am–1:00 pm) and then from the Wu time to i time. The yin qi becomes most abundant e Zi time and then begins to decline, and ang qi starts to increase and becomes most ant at the Wu time. Based on this theory, ive-Shu points located below the knee and joints should be selected according to the nated hours.
3	WGM2#3057	留針（置針）	To retain a needle in place after the presence of needling sensation (arrival of qi).
3	WGM2#3058	出針	To remove a needle when the treatment is done.
3	WGM2#3059	針刺異常情況	Acupuncture-related adverse events include fainting, stuck needle, bent needle and broken needle. These accidents are often caused by a weak constitution, nervousness, hunger, inappropriate body position or medical negligence.
3	WGM2#3060	暈針	An adverse event during an acupuncture session: Patients may present with a pale complexion or experience dizziness, nausea and chest tightness. In severe cases, cold limbs, cold sweats, drop in blood pressure, syncope or shock may be present.
3	WGM2#3061	滯針	Difficulty or impossible to rotate, lift or thrust a needle.
3	WGM2#3062	彎針	The needle body becomes bent upon insertion or retention.
3	WGM2#3063	斷針	The needle body is broken and the broken part is on or below the skin surface.
3	WGM2#3064	針刺血腫	Localized swelling, distension and pain from bleeding in the tissue after needle withdrawal.
3	WGM2#3065	針刺性氣胸	Pneumothorax induced by inappropriate acupuncture needling that punctures the lung.
3	WGM2#3066	微針療法	A collective term for acupuncture in a specific local area, such as ear, scalp, or face, etc.
3	WGM2#3067	頭針療法	A therapeutic method to stimulate specific lines on the scalp with an acupuncture needle.
3	WGM2#3068	耳針療法	A therapeutic method to stimulate points on the ear with an acupuncture needle.
3	WGM2#3069	耳穴	Specific stimulation areas distributed on the auricles.
3	WGM2#3070	面針療法	A therapeutic method to stimulate points on the face with an acupuncture needle.
3	WGM2#3071	眼針療法	A therapeutic method to stimulate points around the eye socket with an acupuncture needle.
3	WGM2#3072	鼻針療法	A therapeutic method to stimulate points on the nose with an acupuncture needle.
3	WGM2#3073	舌針療法	A therapeutic method to stimulate points on the tongue with an acupuncture needle.
3	WGM2#3074	脊背針療法	A therapeutic method to stimulate points on the back with an acupuncture needle.
3	WGM2#3075	手針療法	A therapeutic method to stimulate points on the hand with an acupuncture needle.
3	WGM2#3076	足針療法	A therapeutic method to stimulate points on the foot with an acupuncture needle.
3	WGM2#3077	腕踝針療法	A therapeutic method to stimulate points on the wrist and ankle subcutaneously with an acupuncture needle.
3	WGM2#3078	腹針療法	A therapeutic method to stimulate specific abdominal points with an acupuncture needle.
3	WGM2#3079	第二掌骨側針法	A method to stimulate the area lateral to the second metacarpal bone with an acupuncture needle. This method is based on micro-system theory that regards the second metacarpal bone as the whole body.
3	WGM2#3080	三棱針	A thick needle with a round handle, a triangular body and a sharp tip similar to a lancet needle. It derives from the Sharp-edged Needle (one of the nine ancient needles).
3	WGM2#3081	皮膚針	Needling instrument composed of several short needles used for tapping the points, such as the plum-blossom needle or seven-star needle. These needles cannot be reused without sterilization.
3	WGM2#3082	梅花針	A dermal needle that has a bundle of five short, embedded needles resembling a plum blossom. This needle cannot be reused without sterilization.
3	WGM2#3083	七星針	A dermal needle that has seven short needles attached to the end of a handle in a cluster. This needle cannot be reused without sterilization.
3	WGM2#3084	皮內針	A small needling instrument for embedding at a certain point for an extended period.
3	WGM2#3085	撳針	An intradermal needle that is shaped like a thumbtack used for extended auricular therapy, approximately 0.2 mm–1.5 mm in length.
3	WGM2#3086	埋針療法；皮內針療法	A therapy to insert an intradermal needle into the skin of the body surface (an acupuncture point) and fix with tape to retain for a period of time.
3	WGM2#3087	電針	A therapeutic method to connect pulses of electrical current to inserted acupuncture needles.
3	WGM2#3088	穴位注射；水針	A therapeutic method to inject fluid, sometimes medicated, into acupuncture points.
3	WGM2#3089	火針；燔針	A therapeutic method to insert a hot needle to the affected area and remove immediately afterwards.
3	WGM2#3090	芒針	A therapeutic method to puncture one point towards another one subcutaneously using a long, thready needle like wheat awn. It derives from the Long Needle (one of the nine ancient needles).
3	WGM2#3091	鐳射針	A therapeutic method to use a low-energy laser beam to stimulate acupuncture points.
3	WGM2#3092	蜂針療法	A therapy to use the sting from a live bee (mechanical stimulation) and venom (pharmacological action) in the treatment of health conditions.
3	WGM2#3093	偽針；假針	A research control method that simulates acupuncture needle insertion without actual insertion, preferably without any penetration that carries physiological response. The tip of a sham needle is blunt to prevent the actual penetration into the body, which effectively trick the patient into thinking they are receiving real acupuncture, such as the“Streitberger”needle.
3	WGM2#3094	割治	A therapeutic method to incise the skin to squeeze out a small amount of fat.
3	WGM2#3095	穴位埋線	A therapeutic method to implant catgut or surgical suture at a selected point.
3	WGM2#3096	砭石	Pointed or wedge-shaped stones historically used to stimulate the surface of the body, drain pus or let blood out.
3	WGM2#3097	九針	A collective term for the nine types of needles described in the Nei Jing (Yellow Emperor’ s Internal Classic), namely, shear needle, rounded needle, spoon-like needle, sharp-edged needle, round-sharp needle, sword-like needle, long needle, large needle and filiform needle.
3	WGM2#3098	鑱針	One of the nine ancient needles. It has an arrow- shaped head and often used for superficial insertion in the treatment of heat pattern or skin conditions.
3	WGM2#3099	圓針	One of the nine ancient needles. It has a cylindrical needle body and oval tip. It is often used for point massage in the treatment of muscle problems.
3	WGM2#3100	鍉針	One of the nine ancient needles. It has a big, thick needle body and a slightly sharp round tip. It is often used for blood problems and heat pattern.
3	WGM2#3101	鋒針	One of the nine ancient needles. It is also known as the three-edged needle. It is often used to prick subcutaneous veins or small vessels in the treatment of abscess, heat pattern, acute gastroenteritis, etc.
3	WGM2#3102	員利針	One of the nine ancient needles. It has a round and sharp needle tip and is often used for abscess, bi-impediment and acute conditions.
3	WGM2#3103	鈹針	One of the nine ancient needles. It has a (double- edged) sword-like needle tip and is often used to cut open the abscesses to drain pus and blood.
3	WGM2#3104	長針	One of the nine ancient needles. It has a longer needle body (approximately 20–30 cm or longer) and is often used for deep insertion in the treatment of chronic rheumatism or sciatica.
3	WGM2#3105	大針	One of the nine ancient needles. It has a thick needle body and a slightly round needle tip. It is often used to treat general oedema or abdominal masses.
3	WGM2#3106	毫針	One of the nine ancient needles. It is now the most common needle in acupuncture treatment.
3	WGM2#3107	五刺	A collective term for five ancient needling techniques, namely, half needling, leopard-spot needling, joint needling, Hegu needling, and Shu needling.
3	WGM2#3108	半刺	A technique characterized by a shallow insertion and swift withdrawal. It is often used for lung- related problems.
3	WGM2#3109	豹文刺	A technique characterized by pricking with a three-edged needle around the point, causing leopard spot-like haemorrhagic spots. It is often used for heart-related problems.
3	WGM2#3110	關刺	A technique characterized by puncturing the tendon close to the joint without causing bleeding. It is often used for liver-related problems.
3	WGM2#3111	合穀刺	A technique characterized by puncturing the muscles of the affected region with the needle going obliquely right and left, resembling the claws of a chicken. It is often used for spleen- related problems.
3	WGM2#3112	輸刺（五刺）	A technique characterized by deep puncture directly to the bone. It is often used for kidney- related problems.
3	WGM2#3113	九刺	A collective term for nine ancient needling techniques, namely, Shu needling, distant needling, meridian needling, collateral needling, intramuscular needling, great drainage needling, skin needling, cauterized needling and contralateral needling.
3	WGM2#3114	輸刺（九刺）	A technique to puncture the Ying-spring point and Shu-stream point of the meridian involved and the back-Shu points of five zang organs.
3	WGM2#3115	遠道刺	A technique to puncture points on the lower body (i.e. the lower He-sea points of the six fu organs) to treat problems of the upper body.
3	WGM2#3116	經刺	A technique to acupuncture stasis/tenderness points along the pathways of meridians.
3	WGM2#3117	絡刺	A technique to prick small vessels with a three- edged needle for bloodletting.
3	WGM2#3118	分刺	A technique to puncture directly into the muscle.
3	WGM2#3119	大瀉刺	A technique to incise with a sword-shaped needle to drain pus or eliminate stagnant blood, also known as lancing.
3	WGM2#3120	毛刺	A technique to puncture shallowly into the skin.
3	WGM2#3121	巨刺	A technique to puncture points on the left side if the right side is affected, or vice versa.
3	WGM2#3122	繆刺	A technique to conduct blood-letting on the left side if the right side is affected, or vice versa.
3	WGM2#3123	焠刺	A technique to prick swiftly with a cauterized needle. Indicated for cold bi-impediment pattern.
3	WGM2#3124	十二刺	A collective term for twelve ancient needling techniques, namely: coupled needling; successive trigger needling; relaxing needling; triple needling; quintuple needling; straight needling; Shu needling; short needling; superficial needling; yin needling; accompanied needling; and repeated shallow needling.
3	WGM2#3125	偶刺	A technique to puncture the tenderness spots felt on the front (corresponding to the front-Mu point) and back (corresponding to the back-Shu point).
3	WGM2#3126	報刺	A technique to puncture migratory Ashi points: while needling directly at the tender point, searching for other tender points over the surrounding area and needling in succession.
3	WGM2#3127	恢刺	A technique to insert the needle from the side of the tendon and then puncture the contracted muscle in different directions to induce relaxation.
3	WGM2#3128	齊刺	A technique to insert one needle perpendicularly, coupled with two more needles by its sides. Used to remove cold in a small, deeper area.
3	WGM2#3129	揚刺	A technique to insert one needle perpendicularly in the centre, coupled with four more needles anterior, posterior, right, and left to the perpendicular needle. Used to remove cold in a large, shallow area.
3	WGM2#3130	直針刺	A technique to pinch the skin and insert the needle subcutaneously (The word“straight”here means towards the affected shallow area). Used to remove cold in the superficial area.
3	WGM2#3131	輸刺（十二刺）	A technique to insert a needle perpendicularly to the deep area to wait for needling sensation and then slowly withdraw the needle when the needling sensation is present. Used to clear pathogenic heat.
3	WGM2#3132	短刺	A technique to insert the needle slowly while gently shaking the needle, followed by mild rotation when the needle is close to the bone. Used to treat bone pain or tenderness.
3	WGM2#3133	浮刺	A technique to puncture the superficial area obliquely. Used indicated for muscle pain with a cold sensation.
3	WGM2#3134	陰刺	A technique to puncture bilateral Taixi (KI 3) (the Yuan-primordial point of the kidney meridian) simultaneously. Used to treat cold limbs.
3	WGM2#3135	傍針刺	A technique to insert one needle perpendicularly, coupled with another one lateral to its side. Indicated for tenderness or pain with a fixed location.
3	WGM2#3136	贊刺	A technique to repeatedly puncture the shallow areas to cause bloodletting. Often used for carbuncles or abscesses.
3	WGM2#3137	灸法類
3	WGM2#3138	灸法	A therapeutic method to apply burning mugwort (moxa) or other substances near or to particular points or areas of the body to relax, warm and tonify.
3	WGM2#3139	艾絨	Processed moxa leaves that concentrates the white hairs on the underside of the leaf.
3	WGM2#3140	艾炷	Cone-shaped mass made of moxa wool
3	WGM2#3141	壯	A dosage unit to count the number of moxa cones.
3	WGM2#3142	艾條	A cigar-shaped roll of mugwort wrapped in cotton paper.
3	WGM2#3143	藥艾條	Moxa sticks containing medicinal powder.
3	WGM2#3144	艾炷灸	A method to place a moxa cone directly or indirectly to the selected area and then ignite.
3	WGM2#3145	直接灸	A method to place a moxa cone directly on the selected area and then ignite to create a superficial burn.
3	WGM2#3146	瘢痕灸	A method to place a small moxa cone directly on the skin, then ignite until the skin blisters and then scars after it heals.
3	WGM2#3147	化膿灸	Please refer to scarring moxibustion.
3	WGM2#3148	無瘢痕灸	A method to place a small moxa cone directly on the skin, then ignite and remove the burning moxa before the skin burns enough to scar.
3	WGM2#3149	麥粒灸	A direct moxibustion method using a wheat grain size moxa cone.
3	WGM2#3150	間接灸；間隔灸，隔物灸	A method to place some insulated materials between the moxa cone and the skin.
3	WGM2#3151	隔薑灸	A method to place a fresh ginger slice between the moxa cone and the skin.
3	WGM2#3152	隔蒜灸	A method to place a fresh garlic slice or mashed garlic between the moxa cone and the skin.
3	WGM2#3153	隔鹽灸	A method to place some salt (usually at Shenque (Ren 8)) between the moxa cone and the skin.
3	WGM2#3154	隔附子餅灸	A method to place a monkshood cake between the moxa cone and the skin.
3	WGM2#3155	艾條灸	A method of indirect moxibustion where an ignited moxa stick or roll passes over a selected area without directly touching the surface to warm the area.
3	WGM2#3156	懸灸；懸起灸	An indirect moxibustion method to hold a moxa stick above the skin during the treatment.
3	WGM2#3157	溫和灸	An indirect moxibustion method to keep the end of an ignited moxa stick at a fixed distance (2–3 cm) from the selected area, enabling a mild warm sensation.
3	WGM2#3158	雀啄灸	An indirect moxibustion method to place an ignited moxa stick near the selected area and move it up and down like a pecking bird.
3	WGM2#3159	迴旋灸	An indirect moxibustion method to keep the end of an ignited moxa stick at a fixed distance from the selected area and move it back and forth circularly.
3	WGM2#3160	實按灸	An indirect moxibustion method to place several layers of cloth or cotton paper on the selected area and then press the ignited end of a moxa stick to allow the heat to penetrate the skin.
3	WGM2#3161	太乙神針	An indirect moxibustion method to apply an ignited moxa stick to the selected area. The moxa stick is made of fine powder of Tan Xiang (Lignum Santali Albi), Shan Nai (Rhizoma Kaempferiae), Qiang Huo (Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii), Gui Zhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi), Mu Xiang (Radix Aucklandiae), Xiong Huang (Realgar), Bai Zhi (Radix Angelicae Dahuricae) and Xi Xin (Radix et Rhizoma Asari).
3	WGM2#3162	雷火神針	An indirect moxibustion method to apply an ignited moxa stick to the selected area. The moxa stick is made of fine powder of Chen Xiang (Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum), Mu Xiang (Radix Aucklandiae), Ru Xiang (Olibanum), Yin Chen (Herba Artemisiae Scopariae), Qiang Huo (Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii), Gan Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis), Chuan Shan Jia (Squama Manitis), and She Xiang(Moschus).
3	WGM2#3163	溫針灸	A method to fix a small section of moxa stick or cone onto the handle of an inserted needle prior to igniting.
3	WGM2#3164	溫灸器灸	A method to put moxa wool or stick into a metal box or canister, ignite and then place the box or canister over the selected area.
3	WGM2#3165	燈火灸	A method to apply a quick momentary touch to the selected area with an ignited oiled rush of Juncus.
3	WGM2#3166	天灸；藥物發泡法	A method to apply irritants to the selected area to produce congestion and blistering.
3	WGM2#3167	穴位敷貼	A method to apply warm or hot medicinal substances to acupuncture points.
3	WGM2#3168	拔罐類
3	WGM2#3169	拔罐法	A therapeutic method to create negative pressure by consuming the air inside the cup with fire or other methods and then place the cup on the skin over the selected area.
3	WGM2#3170	火罐法；火吸法	A method to create negative pressure by introducing an ignited material inside the cup to consume the air, thereby enabling the cup to suck itself onto the skin. There are three different approaches: fire twinkling; fire throwing; and cotton sticking.
3	WGM2#3171	閃火法	A method to ignite an alcoholic cotton ball held with a forceps, place it inside the cup, quickly turn it around in one to two circles, take it out immediately, and place the cup on the selected area.
3	WGM2#3172	投火法	A method whereby an ignited paper is quickly flung into a cup to create a negative pressure on the selected area.
3	WGM2#3173	貼棉法	A method to stick an alcoholic cotton ball on the inner wall (the lower 1/3), ignite the cotton ball and quickly place the cup over the selected area.
3	WGM2#3174	水罐法；水吸法	A method to boil a cup in water to create negative pressure: to hold the boiled bamboo cup (the mouth facing downwards) with a forceps, cover the cup mouth with a towel to absorb the water in the cup, and then quickly place the cup over the selected area.
3	WGM2#3175	留罐法	Leave the cup in place after suction.
3	WGM2#3176	走罐法	A method to lubricate the cup mouth and selected area first and then slide the cup up and down while retaining its suction.
3	WGM2#3177	閃罐法	A method to rapidly place and remove the cup repeatedly over the selected area until the local skin becomes red.
3	WGM2#3178	刺絡拔罐	A method to prick the area to be treated with a three-edged needle or lancet and then suck out blood with a cup.
3	WGM2#3179	留針拔罐；針罐	A method to apply cupping to the centre of the site where a needle is retained.
3	WGM2#3180	藥罐	A boiling cup method to boil bamboo cups in medicinal liquid and then apply to the body.
3	WGM2#3181	刮痧療法	A method to scrape the skin repeatedly using a soup spoon or other smooth-edged instruments (such as horned animal bones, water buffalo horn or jade). The skin is often lubricated with massage oil or water.
3	WGM2#3182	刮痧板	Guasha tools are often made from buffalo horn, Bian-stone or jade.
2	WGM2#3183	3.6 推拿類
3	WGM2#3184	推拿；按摩；按蹺；喬摩；案扤	A Chinese medical therapy to apply manipulation to points or body areas for disease treatment and prevention as well as promoting health. Sometimes, patients are educated to exercise in addition to receiving treatment.
3	WGM2#3185	推拿手法	Specific, standardized methods and movements to treat/prevent diseases and benefit health. Tuina manipulations are supposed to be lasting, forceful, even, soft and penetrating to the deeper tissue.
3	WGM2#3186	㨰法	A tuina manipulation to stick to the area to be treated with the fifth metacarpophalangeal joint and conduct back-and-forth rolling using the hypothenar eminence and the ulnar side of the back of the hand.
3	WGM2#3187	滾法	A tuina manipulation to clench a fist to allow the distal phalanx bone of the thumb to be inside the fist, stick to the area to be treated with the proximal interphalangeal joints of the index, middle, ring and little fingers and then apply back- and-forth rolling manipulation.
3	WGM2#3188	一指禪推法	A tuina manipulation to exert constant force on the area to be treated with the tip or the palmar side of the thumb through active swing of the forearm.
3	WGM2#3189	一指禪偏鋒推法	A variation of Yi Zhi Chan pushing manipulation using the radial side of the thumb.
3	WGM2#3190	纏法	A fast Yi Zhi Chan pushing manipulation with a frequency of more than 220 times/min.
3	WGM2#3191	跪推法	A variation of Yi Zhi Chan pushing manipulation with the radial or dorsal side of the interphalangeal joint of the thumb.
3	WGM2#3192	魚際揉法	A tuina manipulation to knead and exert force on the area to be treated with the great thenar eminence through rhythmic swing of the forearm.
3	WGM2#3193	揉法	A tuina manipulation to apply perpendicular pressure to the surface of the body with the fingers, palms or elbows. The pressure is supposed to reach subcutaneous tissues. It includes kneading with the finger, kneading with the palm and kneading with the forearm.
3	WGM2#3194	摩法	A Tuina manipulation to rub the area to be treated circularly with the fingers or palms.
3	WGM2#3195	推法	A one-way linear pushing manipulation with the fingers, palms, or elbows.
3	WGM2#3196	刨推法	A pushing manipulation with the Hukou area (formed between the thumb and index finger).
3	WGM2#3197	刮法	A tuina manipulation to scrape with the radial side of the index finger, on the back of the interphalangeal joint of the index finger. Alternatively, scraping can be done with tools such as spoons or coins.
3	WGM2#3198	擦法	A tuina manipulation to apply linear rubbing with the hypothenar, great thenar, palms or fingers.
3	WGM2#3199	抹法	A tuina manipulation to apply top-down, left-right or arch-shaped wiping with the palmar side of the thumbs or the palms.
3	WGM2#3200	按法	A tuina manipulation to apply perpendicular pressure to the surface of the body with the palmar side of the fingers, palms or elbows. It is also one of the common diagnostic methods in tuina practice.
3	WGM2#3201	點法	A tuina manipulation to apply perpendicular pressure to the surface of the body with finger tips, interphalangeal joints or elbows.
3	WGM2#3202	壓法	A tuina manipulation to apply continuous, forceful pressure to the surface of the body with the palmar side of the thumbs, palms or elbows.
3	WGM2#3203	抵法	A tuina manipulation to apply symmetrical pressure to the area to be treated with the fingers or palms.
3	WGM2#3204	碟轉法	A tuina manipulation to apply rotating pressure to the area to be treated with the palms.
3	WGM2#3205	拳頂法	A tuina manipulation to apply pressure to the area to be treated with a fist.
3	WGM2#3206	捫法	A tuina manipulation to rub the palms and gently place (the warm palms) over the area to be treated.
3	WGM2#3207	押法	A tuina manipulation to press the area to be treated with the palmar side of the thumbs.
3	WGM2#3208	捏法	A tuina manipulation to apply coordinated pressure to the area to be treated with the thumb and the other four fingers.
3	WGM2#3209	挪法	A tuina manipulation to place the palm over the area to be treated, grasp and lift the muscle either using the thumb and the other four fingers or exerting a symmetric force from the base of the palm and fingers, hold for a while and then shift forward to repeat the procedure.
3	WGM2#3210	擰法	A tuina manipulation to clamp and release the area to be treated with flexed index finger and middle finger or with the thumb and flexed index finger.
3	WGM2#3211	勾法	A tuina manipulation to place the index finger and middle finger together and flex into a hook, stick to the skin with the radial border of the middle phalanx of index finger and then apply continuous pushing and wiping manipulation.
3	WGM2#3212	拿法	A tuina manipulation to pinch and knead the area to be treated with the thumb and the other four fingers.
3	WGM2#3213	抓法	A tuina manipulation to grab and pinch the area to be treated with five fingertips.
3	WGM2#3214	握法	A tuina manipulation to clutch and release the limb with the palm.
3	WGM2#3215	搓法	A tuina manipulation to hold the limb with both hands/palms and apply alternating or back-and- forth twisting.
3	WGM2#3216	理法	A tuina manipulation to apply rhythmic grasping and pinching of the limb.
3	WGM2#3217	撚法	A tuina manipulation to hold the area to be treated with the thumb and index finger and apply back-and-forth twisting.
3	WGM2#3218	撥法	A tuina manipulation to press the area to be treated with fingers or elbows and then apply perpendicular plucking force to the subcutaneous tissue.
3	WGM2#3219	拍法	A tuina manipulation to pat the area to be treated with the palms or fingers.
3	WGM2#3220	擊法	A tuina manipulation to knock the surface of the body with the fist, palms, fingers or mulberry sticks.
3	WGM2#3221	啄法	A tuina manipulation to place the five fingers together and peck the area to be treated.
3	WGM2#3222	叩法	A tuina manipulation to tap the area to be treated with the ulnar side of the little finger or a hollow fist.
3	WGM2#3223	劈法	A tuina manipulation to chop the area between the fingers with the ulnar side of the palm.
3	WGM2#3224	貫法	A tuina manipulation to place one palm over the area to be treated and percuss the dorsum of the hand with a hollow fist made by the other hand.
3	WGM2#3225	彈法	A tuina manipulation to flip the area to be treated with fingernails or palmar sides of the fingers.
3	WGM2#3226	抖法	A tuina manipulation to grasp the affected limb and apply small-amplitude radial shakings.
3	WGM2#3227	振法	A tuina manipulation to press acupuncture points or certain body parts with the fingers or palms and apply fast, continuous vibration.
3	WGM2#3228	搖法	A tuina manipulation to conduct passive rotation of the affected joint along the axis of motion.
3	WGM2#3229	拔伸法；牽引法	A tuina manipulation to immobilize one end of the affected joint or limb and pull the other end along the longitudinal axis.
3	WGM2#3230	勒法	A tuina manipulation to clamp the affected fingers or toes with the fingers and apply rapid pulling.
3	WGM2#3231	屈伸法	A tuina manipulation to slowly and repeatedly flex and extend the joints to stretch the surrounding tissues, and increase the joint range of motion.
3	WGM2#3232	扳法	A tuina manipulation to apply a sudden thrust force to the affected joint to produce passive rotation, flexion, extension, abduction and adduction.
3	WGM2#3233	背法	A tuina manipulation to carry the patient on the back and apply traction, shaking, vibration and instant extension to the affected lumbar vertebrae.
3	WGM2#3234	梳法	A tuina manipulation to place the palmar sides of the fingers over the area to be treated and apply soft, one-way combing.
3	WGM2#3235	拂法	A tuina manipulation to brush or scrub the surface of the body with the fingers.
3	WGM2#3236	捋法	A tuina manipulation to place the palm or fingers over the area to be treated, gradually push from the proximal end to the distal end, and then release the force quickly.
3	WGM2#3237	掩法	A tuina manipulation to gently cover the area to be treated with the hand and remain still.
3	WGM2#3238	捩法	A tuina manipulation to make a passive rotation of the joints.
3	WGM2#3239	端法	A tuina manipulation to hold or lift the affected limb with one or both hands.
3	WGM2#3240	摸法	A tuina manipulation to press the limbs or acupuncture points with fingers to help with diagnosis.
3	WGM2#3241	提法	A tuina manipulation to lift the post-traumatic sunken bones or joints to normal position using one or both hands or with the help of a rope.
3	WGM2#3242	攏法	A tuina manipulation to clamp and release the skin of the area to be treated with the ulnar aspects of both palms.
3	WGM2#3243	擠法；挾按法	A tuina manipulation to squeeze both sides of the area to be treated with one or both hands.
3	WGM2#3244	挽法	A tuina manipulation to pull or move the limbs of the patient.
3	WGM2#3245	推拿複合手法類
3	WGM2#3246	按揉法	A compound tuina manipulation composed of pressing and kneading manipulations.
3	WGM2#3247	拿揉法	A compound tuina manipulation composed of grasping and kneading manipulations.
3	WGM2#3248	推摩法	A compound tuina manipulation composed of Yi Zhi Chan pushing using the radial side of the thumb and rubbing circularly with the other four fingers.
3	WGM2#3249	牽抖法	A compound tuina manipulation composed of pulling-stretching and shaking manipulations.
3	WGM2#3250	揉捏法	A compound tuina manipulation composed of kneading and pinching manipulations.
3	WGM2#3251	提彈法	A compound tuina manipulation composed of tendon-flicking and muscle plucking manipulations.
3	WGM2#3252	彈筋法	A compound tuina manipulation composed of pinching and lifting manipulations.
3	WGM2#3253	推揉法	A compound tuina manipulation composed of Yi Zhi Chan pushing and kneading manipulation.
3	WGM2#3254	推扳法	A compound tuina manipulation composed of plucking and pulling manipulations.
3	WGM2#3255	勾點法	A compound tuina manipulation composed of hooking and point-pressing manipulations.
3	WGM2#3256	掃散法	A tuina manipulation to push and scrub along the Shaoyang meridian in the temporal region using the radial side of the thumb and tips of the other four fingers.
3	WGM2#3257	踩蹺法	A tuina manipulation to step with the feet on certain areas of the body.
3	WGM2#3258	捏脊法	A tuina manipulation to pinch and lift the skin of the spine symmetrically with the thumb, index finger and middle finger or with the thumb and the other four fingers and release the force immediately. Move forward gradually and repeat the same procedure.
3	WGM2#3259	點脊法	A tuina manipulation to press the bladder meridian on both sides of the spine.
3	WGM2#3260	插法	A tuina manipulation to insert the fingers into the space between the scapula and thoracic wall. It is specifically used for gastroptosis.
3	WGM2#3261	托法	A tuina manipulation to lift the affected area with one or both hands. It is commonly used for gastroptosis.
3	WGM2#3262	抄法	A tuina manipulation: Place the palms on the lower borders of the subcostal region and extend gradually to the low back, press and knead the soft tissues on both sides of the low back using the palmar sides of the fingers, lift the low back and abdomen and then swing to the left and right gently.
3	WGM2#3263	封腰法	A tuina manipulation to place the thumbs and the middle fingers over the lumbar triangles on both sides and apply soft, gentle pressure.
3	WGM2#3264	顫腰法	A tuina manipulation to press the low back coupled with traction and stretching.
3	WGM2#3265	脊柱推拿手法類	Manipulations used on the spine to correct spinal subluxation and regulate the functions of the spine.
3	WGM2#3266	推拿介質	Lotions applied to the surface of the body for lubrication or treatment.
3	WGM2#3267	推拿輔助器具類	Supplementary tools to assist in tuina treatment and health care.
3	WGM2#3268	桑枝棒	An assistant tuina tool made of 12 specific mulberry branches based on certain requirements with a strong effect to unblock and circulate qi and blood. It is often used on the top of the head, chest and back, waist, hip and limbs.
3	WGM2#3269	太平車	An assistant tuina tool comprising an iron bar with five to six pieces of jade or sandalwood made into a chain of beads. The head and tail of the iron bar are folded. The appliance is connected to a short handle and can be held in the hand and the beads work like a rolling wheel. It is often used on the face, bone joints, etc.
3	WGM2#3270	小兒推拿	A type of tuina therapy based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, using specific manipulations on the meridians and collaterals and specific points on the surface of the body. It helps to prevent against diseases and benefit health through harmonizing Zang–Fu organs, yin, yang, qi and blood, strengthen the body and promote the healthy growth and development of children.
3	WGM2#3271	少林內功	A main training method in tuina exercise and a key part of Neigong tuina. It is originally a form of martial art to strengthen the body, but now becomes a distinctive method and school of self- exercise plus tuina treatment.
3	WGM2#3272	易筋經	A traditional health-building exercise to stretch the body, strengthen the sinews, bones and ligaments and regulate the meridians and zang–fu organs.
3	WGM2#3273	其他推拿術語
3	WGM2#3274	熱敷	A common external therapy in Chinese medicine to treat diseases through heat stimulation.
3	WGM2#3275	膏摩	A therapeutic method to apply herbal ointment on the surface of the area to be treated, followed by tuina manipulations.
3	WGM2#3276	推拿鎮痛	One of the pain control methods in Chinese medicine by applying Tuina to reduce or control pain according to theories of Chinese medicine.
3	WGM2#3277	健身推拿	A tuina method for healthy people or people with suboptimal health to strengthen the body and help with disease prevention and treatment.
3	WGM2#3278	美容推拿	A type of tuina method to achieve healthier skin and slow down the ageing process of the skin.
2	WGM2#3279	3.7 導引氣功
3	WGM2#3280	導引	To guide qi to harmonize the body and stretch the body to make it soft. It aims to prevent and cure diseases and promote health through stretching exercise combined with breath and internal qi circulation.
3	WGM2#3281	氣功	An exercise method to regulate the body, breath and mind to achieve body-mind, man-society and man-nature harmonization. It cultivates the essence, qi and spirit internally and sinews, bones and body externally according to ancient Chinese philosophy.
3	WGM2#3282	大周天	Originated in Daoism, it refers to the second stage of internal alchemical process (i.e., to refine qi to spirit). This is performed on the basis of the small heavenly circle exercise and is believed that the large heavenly circle can connect spirit with qi, improve health and attain longevity.
3	WGM2#3283	三關	he three areas in the ascending path along the u meridian when internal qi circulates along he pathways of the Du and Ren meridians uring practicing the“small heavenly circle”(or microcosmic orbit”) meditation. They are rduous for internal qi to overcome and therefore alled“passes”or“barriers”.Alternatively, hey refer to the three steps in internal alchemy Neidan): refining the essence to qi; refining the i to spirit; and refining the spirit to emptiness. ome also use three passes to represent the ears, yes and mouth.
3	WGM2#3284	和合四象	A specific state in qigong practice that requires dropping the eyelids, listening to the silence, regulating breathing by focusing the eyes on the tip of the nose and closing the mouth. This state helps to remove distracting thoughts during qigong practice.
3	WGM2#3285	恬淡虛無	A state of peaceful inner joy and free from ego or desires. This principle on health cultivation was recorded in the Huang Di Nei Jing (Yellow Emperor’ s Internal Classic) and highly valued by generations of qigong masters.
3	WGM2#3286	丹田呼吸	A beneficial variation of natural breathing with the Dantian area. Unlike usual abdominal breathing, this breathing method does not need mental focus or external force.
3	WGM2#3287	3.8 太極	Taiji is an ancient Chinese philosophical term which represents the state of undifferentiated absolute and infinite potential; the oneness before duality, from which yin and yang, the basic polarity of the universe, originate. It has later become the highest conceivable principle about the generation, development and changes of all things in the universe. Taiji is often considered as the root and symbol of traditional Chinese culture. It has far-reaching impact on the Yi Jing (the Book of Changes), traditional Chinese medicine and taijiquan.
3	WGM2#3288	太極拳	An ancient Chinese martial art practiced for both defence training and health benefits. It is a combination of breathing, mental focus, and physical movements, whose intention is to cultivate the practitioner’ s internal qi. It is rooted in the philosophies of Confucianism, Daoism and Chinese medicine, and concepts of Taiji, yin-yang and the Five Elements.
3	WGM2#3289	太極拳流派	Major influential taijiquan styles include Chen style, yang style, Wú style, Wǔ style, Sun style and Zhaobao style.
3	WGM2#3290	太極拳拳理	The principles of taijiquan are based on its philosophical and medical meaning as well as practice requirements. They include Taiji theories, mnemonics and classics.
3	WGM2#3291	拳決	The tips or smart ways in Taiji practice. These include mnemonics for taijiquan, Taiji sword, Taiji spear, Taiji knife and Taiji pushing hands. These mnemonics are often vivid and conversational.
3	WGM2#3292	拳譜	A catalogue to record categories or systems. There are three types of Taiji manuals: 1) the names of sequenced Taiji skills and weapons routines/ forms; 2) Inheritance lineage; and 3) books on Taiji skills.
3	WGM2#3293	拳經	Classics/texts which are exclusively focussed on the essential principles that guide the practice of taijiquan.
3	WGM2#3294	拳勢	Intangible frame and rhythm, including physical moves, eye movement and connections or transitions between moves.
3	WGM2#3295	內家拳	It refers to Wudang martial arts (occupied with spiritual, mental or qi-related aspects), as opposed to Shaolin (external) martial arts (focused on physical aspects). There are three internal martial arts: taijiquan, xingyiquan (form- intention fist) and baguazhang (eight trigram palm).
3	WGM2#3296	盤架子	A series of movements in Taiji practice.
3	WGM2#3297	八面	hese include four sides and four corners. If we onsider taijiquan as a 3-D ball, symmetrical elease of forces from eight directions (left, right, p, down and two diagonal angles) is essential o maintain the body equilibrium, known as the rounded force”.
3	WGM2#3298	八體	Vertex, crotch, heart, eyes, ears, hands, feet and waist.
3	WGM2#3299	八不傳	Those with no loyalty or filial piety; those with no humanistic spirit; those with evil intentions; those who are reckless and impulsive; those who are defiant and arrogant; those who are rude and disrespectful; those who are unpredictable; and those who care too much about gains and losses.
3	WGM2#3300	四忌	Avoid using strength to store qi; avoid expanding the chest or sinking the low back; avoid shrugging the shoulders or sinking the neck; avoid discontinuity in body moves.
3	WGM2#3301	八要	Relax the shoulders and sink the elbows; lift the vertex and issue force from the thighs; tap the teeth and touch the palate with the tongue; sink the chest and loosen the waist; move naturally; internal-external unity; yin-yang coordination; and stillness in movement.
3	WGM2#3302	無極	An ancient philosophical term, referring to the primordial universe prior to the Taiji (supreme ultimate). In Taiji practice, it has three extended meanings: 1) a relatively static state; 2) mental serenity before body moves in Taiji practice; 3) abdomen.
3	WGM2#3303	兩儀	An ancient philosophical term, referring to yin and yang. In Taiji practice, the two forms have three extended meanings: 1) movement and stillness; 2) symmetrical Taiji moves; 3) the two kidneys.
3	WGM2#3304	三才	An ancient philosophical term, referring to heaven, earth and man. In Taiji practice, it is used to represent head, hands and feet, further indicating the upper, middle and lower body parts.
3	WGM2#3305	四象	An ancient philosophical term. It has two meanings in Taiji: 1) upper and lower limbs; 2) four directions—front, back, left and right.
3	WGM2#3306	體用	These include health benefits and self-defence training. Health benefits are achieved through practicing taolu (solo hand and weapons routines/ forms). Self-defence training mainly refers to pushing hands sequences, which embody a variety of self-defence techniques.
3	WGM2#3307	六合	The six closings include three internal harmonies (intent, qi and strength) and three external ones (shoulder-hip, elbow-knee and hands-feet). These harmonies allow the movements to connect seamlessly and the force to be intact.
3	WGM2#3308	太極圖	A symbol or diagram in Chinese philosophy representing Taiji and its dualist aspects—yin and yang.
3	WGM2#3309	虛領頂勁；提頂；頂頭懸；貫頂；懸頂	The head is held as if suspended by a thread attached to the crown, at the point Baihui (Du20). This posture aims to avoid tension in the neck. In doing so, do not tilt the head from side to side, or up and down. The whole body is light and nimble when the head is suspended at the crown.
3	WGM2#3310	沉肩墜肘	Relax and drop down the shoulders, especially the acromion, or the point Jianjing (GB 21); at the same time, slightly flex and drop the elbow.
3	WGM2#3311	護肫	A technique to protect the stomach in Taiji practice. It produces a similar effect as dropping the elbow.
3	WGM2#3312	展指坐腕	xtend and relax the fingers naturally, slightly eparating them to form an arc or spiral at the ack of the hand. This enables the internal i to radiate to the fingers and is known as materializing in the hands and fingers”.
3	WGM2#3313	兩膊相系	During Taiji practice, the movement of one arm triggers corresponding movement in the other one, as if they are connected to each other by a cord.
3	WGM2#3314	豎腕	Keep the wrist and fingers in a vertical position (approximately 90º). However, it is advisable not to use force to bend the wrist.
3	WGM2#3315	坐腕	Drop and relax the wrist to allow the internal energy to reach the fingertips from the arm.
3	WGM2#3316	鼓腕	Pump the wrist to soften and relax the hands.
3	WGM2#3317	直腕	Make the wrist straight and flat.
3	WGM2#3318	疊腕	Place one wrist over the other.
3	WGM2#3319	含胸拔背	Intentionally relax the chest and back muscles and intercostal space. The shoulders should be naturally rounded to allow the chest to be slightly hollowed. To“raise the back”means to stretch the spine longitudinally and horizontally to allow the qi to stick to the back (so that one can use this qi to issue great power).
3	WGM2#3320	擴背	Expanding the back is closely associated with sinking the chest. By sinking the chest, one will be able to expand the back naturally.
3	WGM2#3321	松腰斂臀	To relax the waist means to lift the coccyx and sink the points Shensu (BL 23) and Mingmen (DU 4). To tuck buttocks under means to slightly tuck in the buttocks.
3	WGM2#3322	弓腰收臀	By sinking the waist in a relaxed sitting position, one will be able to tuck in the buttocks naturally.
3	WGM2#3323	尾閭中正	During Taiji practice, the coccyx needs to be kept upright at all times.
3	WGM2#3324	尾閭收；提肛；吊襠；調襠	To lift the anus, tuck in the coccyx and keep the body neutral. This helps to maintain balance and feel comfortable.
3	WGM2#3325	上下一線	To make Baihui (DU 20) and Huiyin (REN 1) vertically connected, in order to keep the upper body aligned and upright; and to connect Jianjing (GB 21) with Yongquan (KI 1) to keep the head and feet vertically connected.
3	WGM2#3326	立身中正	To keep the torso perpendicular to the ground and place the bodyweight over the supporting feet. This helps to keep the body stable.
3	WGM2#3327	身肢放長	To lengthen the torso through“holding the head as if suspended from above”.To extend the arms through sinking the shoulders and dropping the elbows. To lengthen the legs through relaxing the waist, opening the hips and flexing the knees.
3	WGM2#3328	一身備五弓	The five bows include the torso, both hands and both feet. The body bow uses the waist as the handle and uses Yamen (DU 15) and coccyx as the tips. The hand bow uses the elbow as the handle and uses the wrist and clavicle as the tips. The foot bow uses the knee as the handle and uses the hip and heel as the tips.
3	WGM2#3329	泛臀	To attempt to float the buttocks before issuing internal energy.
3	WGM2#3330	溜臀	To relax and drop the buttocks when squatting down.
3	WGM2#3331	斂臀	To slightly tuck in the buttocks to facilitate the abdomen and relax the crotch. This helps to keep the body neutral and stable.
3	WGM2#3332	圓襠	To relax the hip joint, relax hip muscles and tuck in the femoral head. This enables the crotch to become round.
3	WGM2#3333	縮胯	To relax and, at the same time, tuck in the hips to enable the perineum to become a semicircle.
3	WGM2#3334	裹襠	To adduct the knees intentionally to protect the crotch. This helps to distinguish empty from solid, keep the lower body stable and increase the loading ability of the legs. This can also lengthen the legs.
3	WGM2#3335	蕩襠	A common error in Taiji practice. Slack crotch may cause energy to scatter.
3	WGM2#3336	尖襠	A common error in Taiji practice. A sharp-angled crotch may cause an inability to support the internal energy.
3	WGM2#3337	敞襠	A common error in Taiji practice. An open crotch (>90º) may cause an inability to obtain the internal energy.
3	WGM2#3338	坐腿	To appropriately flex the knee to enable the body weight to be placed on the flexed leg.
3	WGM2#3339	開合	Movement combination of the body, breathing and energy. The“opening”refers to eccentric movements of the arms, whereas the“closing” refers to concentric movements of the arms. Breathing in and releasing energy act to open, whereas breathing out and storing energy act to close.
3	WGM2#3340	蓄髮	To“store energy”means to relax muscles with mental focus. To“release energy”means to contract muscles and often combine with breathing.
3	WGM2#3341	動靜	A dynamic state in Taiji practice. Taiji movements are open, continuous and transitional like a river; however, they can also close and become static like mountains.
3	WGM2#3342	快慢	Taiji movements are relatively slower than other martial arts; the speed of movement varies among differing styles.
3	WGM2#3343	虛實分清；虛實分明	In Taiji practice, it is important to distinguish between fullness and emptiness all over the body (i.e. we must know exactly which part of our body is issuing power and which part is receiving it). As for the legs, the“empty”leg is never absolutely weightless, and the“full”leg does not have all the weight placed upon it.
3	WGM2#3344	開合虛實	The principles of Taiji exercise. The“opening” means to stretch, step forward, bend down and drop. The“closing”means to flex, step backward, raise and lift. The“empty”means absence of mental focus, supplementary force, relaxation and closing movements. The“solid”means presence of mental focus, major force point and opening movements.
3	WGM2#3345	內外相合	The coordination or harmony between mental intent and physical movement. The“unity”here means a perfect and natural combination between hands, feet and mental intent.
3	WGM2#3346	上下相隨	Coordinated movements of the upper and lower limbs as well as the torso. Hand movements, waist movements, leg movements, and even the eye movements — all are in one unified movement (The root is in the feet, released through the legs, controlled by the waist, and materialized in the hands and fingers).
3	WGM2#3347	節節貫串	This refers to successive movement of nine major joints throughout the body: neck, back, low back, hip, knee, ankle, shoulder, elbow and wrist.
3	WGM2#3348	輕靈	A distinctive feature of taijiquan. Mindfulness or“intent”guides the body movement and breathing; both breathing and internal qi are controlled by the mindfulness of the will. The “gentle”means to guide movements with intent instead of force. The“flexible”means to move the arms or legs with agility.
3	WGM2#3349	一動無有不動	The power is rooted in the feet, controlled by the waist, and manifested through the fingers, integrating the body as one harmonious unit.
3	WGM2#3350	剛柔	Force and changes of taijiquan. The“hard”refers to fast, short release of force in an attack, whereas the“soft”refers to slow, gentle and spiral moves in defence.
3	WGM2#3351	方圓	The two technical features of Taiji. The“square” refers to the force points, whereas the“round” refers to arc-shaped Taiji movements. The two features are unity of opposites.
3	WGM2#3352	方圓相生	The“square”refers to the hard power point that manifests in four sides and four corners. The “round”refers to the soft, circulating qi. The “square”originates from the“round”,and the “round”contains the“square”.There is“square” within the“round”and vice versa.
3	WGM2#3353	十三勢	These include eight force-releasing methods and five footwork methods. The eight force-releasing methods include four straight directions (Peng, Lǚ, Ji and An) and four diagonal directions (Cai, Lie, Zhou and Kao). The five footwork methods are called step forward, step backward, gaze (that is, focus your intention toward and move) to the left, gaze to the right, and central equilibrium.
3	WGM2#3354	太極勁	A collective term for a variety of power or energy developed through Taiji practice.
3	WGM2#3355	中土常守	he“Zhong”means the centre in direction. The Tu”means earth in five elements. Together hey mean the“centre”or body weight. In Taiji ractice, it is important to distinguish empty and ull in all body parts as well as the two legs.
3	WGM2#3356	四兩撥千斤	A force of four ounces deflects a thousand ounds’(i.e. to repel force effortlessly).
3	WGM2#3357	勁與力	The“Jin”originally means strong and powerful. In Taiji practice, it refers to the cultivated, trained and flexible force that can change in power, direction, force point and force speed, in response to an opponent’ s attack.
3	WGM2#3358	氣沉丹田	To sink qi to Dantian, you need to keep the coccyx upright, sink the chest, relax the shoulders and suspend the crotch, and thus to guide qi down to the abdomen with intent.
3	WGM2#3359	開呼合吸	An essential principle in coordinated movements and breathing: breathe out when performing opening, solid, stretching, stepping forward, dropping, bending down, moving away, releasing, attacking or striking moves; and breathe in when performing closing, empty, sinking, flexing, stepping backward, lifting, moving back, raising, collecting, and softening moves.
3	WGM2#3360	開吸合呼	An essential principle in coordinated movements and breathing: breathe in when opening up the rib cage and breathe out when closing the rib cage.
3	WGM2#3361	意氣運動	A distinctive feature of taijiquan. The“intent” means to guide the body movement and breathing with mental intent. The“qi”means both breathing and internal qi are controlled by mental intent.
3	WGM2#3362	神氣鼓蕩	A distinctive feature of taijiquan. The“Shen” includes spirit and eye direction. The“qi” means breathing and internal qi move with body movement.
3	WGM2#3363	太極九如	The nine essentials in Taiji practice. These include: 1) keep the head upright as if suspended by a thread; 2) keep the coccyx upright as if pillared to the ground; 3) raise the upper back as if carrying a pot on the back ; 4) sink the chest like holding a tree; 5) suspend the crotch as if holding a ball; 6) relax the waist; 7) move the hands as if tearing cotton; 8) move the feet as if sailing a boat; and 9) move the legs as if pulling a string.
3	WGM2#3364	鬆緊	An important feature of Taiji practice. There is a saying that it takes at least 10 years to really understand Taiji. The key part is learning to cultivate internal energy through relaxation and stillness. It is necessary to avoid tension and mental stress before achieving relaxation in Taiji practice.
3	WGM2#3365	齊四梢	Intentionally projecting internal force through the tips of fingers and toes.
3	WGM2#3366	功法	Basic skills acquired through learning standard Taiji moves and pushing hands. These require continuous practice and include both psychological and physiological abilities.
3	WGM2#3367	太極劍	A weaponry (sword) form of Taiji practice, based on ancient fencing technique, coupled with fencing arts from other schools of martial arts.
3	WGM2#3368	太極扇	A combination of taijiquan and skills of playing with a fan. It moves or rotates the fan with intent and acts to benefit health, uplift the mood, and entertain yourself and others.
3	WGM2#3369	太極槍	A weaponry (spear) form of Taiji practice. The spear is long, sharp and easy to use. It is known as the“king of weapons”because of the significant military advantage it provides on battlefields.
3	WGM2#3370	太極棍	A Taiji practice, which uses a cane or stick as a weapon. The stick is known as the“head of weapons”.There were no standard Taiji cane forms before 1949, with the exception of the White Ape form in Chen style Taiji. After 1949, martial arts masters including Cui Yishi developed Taiji cane forms.
3	WGM2#3371	太極推手	Also known as hitting hands, kneading hands or crossing hands, pushing hands is a two-person training routine practiced in Taiji. It works to undo a person’ s natural instinct to resist force with force, teaching the body to yield to force and redirect it. There are mainly eight methods in practicing pushing hands: bing-warding off; lǚ-rolling back; ji-pressing; an-pushing; cai- plucking; lie-splitting; zhou- elbow striking; and kao-shoulder striking.
3	WGM2#3372	掤勁	Rising or expanding internal energy. With this energy, one feels the body is full of qi in all eight directions. During pushing hands, this energy allows you to create a buffer zone that prevents the first shock of an incoming attack and at the same time, enable you to defend, absorb or redirect the opponent’ s power.
3	WGM2#3373	捋勁	The use of force in a sideways direction, such as where we intercept and move with a forward directed attack, simultaneously diverting it slightly to one side and thus to empty space.
3	WGM2#3374	擠勁	Internal energy that projects forward from its source to prevent your opponent from issuing strength. During pushing hands, this energy radiates along the outside of the forearms and the back of the hands.
3	WGM2#3375	按勁	A forward and downward movement of energy. During pushing hands, this energy enables you to prevent your opponent from raising their arms or legs, and at the same time, allows you to stick to and redirect the opponent’ s power.
3	WGM2#3376	采勁	Internal energy that grasps or pulls the opponent’ s wrist or elbow downwards with the fingertips or palm.
3	WGM2#3377	挒勁	Internal energy to push or pluck forward. During pushing hands, this energy allows you to use a spiral motion to split the opponent’s body and destroy the opponent’ s balance.
3	WGM2#3378	肘勁	Internal energy that projects through the forearm rotation and tip of the elbow. During pushing hands, you can either defend the opponent’ s attack with the tip of your elbow. Alternatively, you can use one hand to stick to the opponent’ s hand and use flexed elbow of the other arm to spirally press the opponent’ s elbow and arm.
3	WGM2#3379	靠勁	Internal energy to squeeze forward with your shoulder, back and hip. During pushing hands, this energy allows you to push the opponent with your shoulder, back or hip.
3	WGM2#3380	雙浮	A wrong move in pushing hands.
3	WGM2#3381	雙重	Rigid, inflexible moves during pushing hands.
3	WGM2#3382	雙輕	Connection and transition between empty and solid moves.
3	WGM2#3383	單重	This is opposed to a stance with equal weight on both feet. Single weighted stance refers to the body weight focusing on one foot.
3	WGM2#3384	掤法	One of the eight methods in pushing hands: An upward circular movement, forward or backward, yielding or offsetting usually with the arms to disrupt the opponent’ s centre of gravity.
3	WGM2#3385	捋法	One of the eight methods in pushing hands: to apply sideways, circular yielding movement to the opponent’ s wrist with one hand and stick to the opponent’ s elbow with the other hand.
3	WGM2#3386	擠法	One of the eight methods in pushing hands: A pressing or squeezing offset in a direction away from the body, usually done with the back of the hand or outside edge of the forearm.
3	WGM2#3387	采法	One of the eight methods in pushing hands: to grasp the opponent’ s wrist or elbow downwards with the fingertips or palm.
3	WGM2#3388	挒法	One of the eight methods in pushing hands: to separate, to twist or to offset with a spiral motion, often while making immobile part of the body (such as a hand or leg) to split an opponent’ s body thereby destroying posture and balance.
3	WGM2#3389	肘法	One of the eight methods in pushing hands: to strike or push with the elbow.
3	WGM2#3390	靠法	One of the eight methods in pushing hands: to strike or push with the shoulder, upper back, arm or hip.
3	WGM2#3391	粘走	wo basic skills in the practice of Taiji pushing ands. To“adhere”means to get your opponent o follow you under your control; whereas to follow”means to obey your opponent’ s ntention by letting him think he can apply an pplication, which leads him to use force.
3	WGM2#3392	太極刀	A weaponry (broadsword) form of Taiji practice, which includes the philosophy, training and thirteen standard forms.
2	WGM2#3393	3.9 情志療法	Methods to treat disordered moods and emotions using Chinese medicine theories on emotions.
3	WGM2#3394	祝由法	A psychotherapeutic treatment protocol that combines analysis of causative factors of mental- emotional disorders with prayer. These analyses and prayer treatments are based on emotion theories and psychological principles in Chinese medicine.
3	WGM2#3395	情志相勝法	A psychotherapeutic method that uses the mutual restraint cycle of five element theory in the treatment of mental-emotional disorders, during which the doctor intentionally arouses certain feelings in the patient that counteract their abnormal emotional state.
3	WGM2#3396	悲勝怒	An emotion therapy based on the restraining cycle of the five-element theory: sadness corresponds to metal; anger corresponds to wood; metal restrains wood; so sad feelings and language will subdue or release anger.
3	WGM2#3397	怒勝思	An emotion therapy based on the restraining cycle of the five-element theory: anger corresponds to wood; thinking corresponds to earth; and wood restrains earth; so provocation to elicit an angry response will relieve anxiety and over-thinking.
3	WGM2#3398	思勝恐	An emotion therapy based on the restraining cycle of the five-element theory: thinking corresponds to earth; fear corresponds to water; earth restrains water; so encouraging mental focus or meditation can help the patient ignore or forget fear.
3	WGM2#3399	恐勝喜	An emotion therapy based on the restraining cycle of the five-element theory: fear corresponds to water; joy corresponds to fire; water restrains fire; so eliciting a fearful response will restrain excess joy and euphoria.
3	WGM2#3400	喜勝悲	An emotion therapy based on the restraining cycle of the five-element theory: joy corresponds to fire; sadness corresponds to metal; fire restrains metal; and so happiness can overcome melancholy and sorrow.
3	WGM2#3401	活套法	Flexible psychotherapeutic methods that apply the mutual promotion or mutual restraint relationship among the five phases to different mental-emotional disorders. This idea was first mentioned in the Su Wen and later promulgated by Zhu Danxi.
3	WGM2#3402	驚者平之法	A method to treat mental-emotional diseases such as anxiety, panic and post-traumatic stress disorders. Under controlled conditions, by repeated exposure to the circumstance that trigger the patient’ s anxiety or traumatic response disorder, their adverse reaction is gradually lessened and normalized.
3	WGM2#3403	五行音樂	A method to use different qualities of the five musical tones (gong, shang, jiao, zheng and yu), related to the five elements in the treatment of mental disorders.
3	WGM2#3404	意療法	A method to treat mental disorders by communicating with the patient’ s self-image.
3	WGM2#3405	五志	Joy, anger, grief, excess thinking and fear.
3	WGM2#3406	五志過極	Pathological conditions that result from excessive mental activity impairing the essential qi of five zang organs and/or disturbing qi movement within zang–fu organs.
3	WGM2#3407	驚則氣亂	Sudden shock and fright disrupt the qi activity and causes qi movements to become confused and disorderly.
3	WGM2#3408	恐則氣下	Excess fear or an ongoing state of fearfulness causes qi to strongly descend.
3	WGM2#3409	喜則氣緩	Excess joy and/or euphoria cause qi to move too slowly and the qi movement becomes sluggish.
3	WGM2#3410	悲則氣消	Excess sorrow and grief weaken the qi.
3	WGM2#3411	怒則氣上	Rage and persistent anger cause disorderly ascending of the qi.
2	WGM2#3412	3.10 其他
3	WGM2#3413	食療學	The study of essential knowledge and use of diet as part of therapy.
3	WGM2#3414	藥膳	Food prepared in combination with Chinese herbs to benefit the health, where the selection of the herbs is based on the theories of Chinese medicine.
3	WGM2#3415	食療；食治；食養；食補	A therapeutic approach to harmonize qi and blood, balance yin and yang, prevent disease and benefit health, through the use of specifically tailored diets, where the properties of the food ingredients are guided by the theories of Chinese medicine.

Source1

{
  "resourceType": "CodeSystem",
  "id": "who-ictm-terminology",
  "text": {
    "status": "generated",
    "div": "<!-- snip (see above) -->"
  },
  "url": "https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology",
  "version": "0.1.0",
  "name": "WHOICTMTerminology",
  "title": "WHO傳統醫學國際標準術語(中醫)",
  "status": "draft",
  "experimental": false,
  "date": "2026-08-28",
  "publisher": "衛生福利部國家中醫藥研究所",
  "contact": [
    {
      "name": "衛生福利部國家中醫藥研究所",
      "telecom": [
        {
          "system": "url",
          "value": "https://www.nricm.edu.tw/"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "description": "依據 WHO 傳統中醫國際標準術語（ISBN 978-92-4-004232-2）建立，原始內容著作權屬於 World Health Organization，授權條款：CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO。本代碼系統非由 WHO 建立，WHO 不負責其內容之準確性。因原始資料無代碼版本資訊，故使用其「更新日期」作為版本資訊。\n\n本代碼系統合併 WHO 傳統中醫國際標準術語中「脈診」與「治則、治法與方藥」兩個章節之詞條，以同一份來源文件建立單一 CodeSystem，並依臨床使用情境（病人脈象、病人治則）拆分為不同的 ValueSet。",
  "caseSensitive": true,
  "hierarchyMeaning": "is-a",
  "content": "complete",
  "count": 1248,
  "concept": [
    {
      "code": "WGM2#848",
      "display": "切診類",
      "concept": [
        {
          "code": "WGM2#849",
          "display": "切診",
          "definition": "A diagnostic method to feel, touch, palpate and press certain areas of the body."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#850",
          "display": "脈診；切脈",
          "definition": "A diagnostic method to understand the condition of illness by feeling a patients’pulse and perceiving the sensations under the fingers."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#851",
          "display": "三部九候遍診法",
          "definition": "Pulse examination on three regions of the body: the head, upper limbs and lower limbs. Each region is sub-divided into upper, middle and lower sections. Altogether they form nine pulse-taking positions."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#852",
          "display": "按診",
          "definition": "A method to directly touch or press certain areas of the body to feel the local temperature, moistness, softness, tenderness, lumps or other abnormal changes, and thus to determine the location, nature and severity of the pathology."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#853",
          "display": "三部九候診法",
          "definition": "A diagnostic method to feel three parts and nine depths. The three parts are head, hand and feet. Each part has three depths (heaven, earth and man), and thus there are a total of nine divisions."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#854",
          "display": "腹診",
          "definition": "A diagnostic method to mainly press and palpate the patients’chest and abdomen to understand the condition of illness."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#855",
          "display": "三部診法",
          "definition": "A diagnostic method used to feel three arteries: carotid artery at Renyin (ST 9), radial artery at Cunkou and dorsal artery of the foot at Chongyang (ST 42). The Cunkou area is felt for conditions of the twelve regular meridians; the Renyin (ST 9) and Chongyang (ST 42) are felt for stomach qi. Alternatively, Taixi (KI 3) is felt for kidney qi."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#856",
          "display": "寸口診法",
          "definition": "A diagnostic method used to feel the pulse at the Cunkou area located at the medial aspect of the styloid process where the radial artery pulsates. The Cunkou area is divided into Cun, Guan and Chi positions. Each position is further divided into superficial, intermediate and deep depths. This method is known as three positions and three regions and nine positions in Cunkou area."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#857",
          "display": "指法",
          "definition": "The positioning of the fingers in pulse diagnosis. First, to locate the Guan (medial aspect of the styloid process) position with the middle finger; then, to locate the Cun (anterior to Guan) position with the index finger and the Chi (posterior to Guan) position with the ring finger. The three fingers are slightly flexed, presenting the shape of an arc. The fingertips are kept on the same horizontal level and the pulse is felt with the palmar aspects of the fingers."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#858",
          "display": "中指定關",
          "definition": "A doctor places the middle finger on the Guan position (the medial side of the styloid process) for pulse examination."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#859",
          "display": "總按",
          "definition": "A method of pulse diagnosis where the three fingers are simultaneously positioned on the wrist to feel the pulse in Cun, Guan and Chi positions."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#860",
          "display": "舉、按、尋",
          "definition": "A method of moving and exerting different finger pressures on positions for pulse examination. Lifting is to place the fingers gently on the Cunkou artery pulsation. Pressing is to exert finger pressure to reach deeper area. Searching is to gradually increase or decrease the finger pressure, moving finger contact areas to locate the best position with obvious pulsation."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#861",
          "display": "布指",
          "definition": "Positioning of fingers in pulse examination. Generally, a doctor places the middle finger of the right hand to feel the Guan position of a patient’ s left hand, the index finger to feel the Cun position, the ring finger to feel the Chi position, and adjust the distances between the fingers according to the patient’s height."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#862",
          "display": "脈象",
          "definition": "The pulse sensations, including such elements as the rate, rhythm, length, smoothness, tension and width."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#863",
          "display": "病脈",
          "definition": "Pulses that are not normal or beyond physiological variations of a normal pulse."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#864",
          "display": "胃、神、根",
          "definition": "The three main elements to distinguish deficiency from excess. A pulse with stomach qi feels relaxed, moderate and smooth. A pulse with spirit feels soft, forceful and rhythmic. A pulse with root feels forceful at the Chi position upon heavy pressure. In summary, a pulse with stomach qi, spirit and root indicates abundant stomach qi and normal functioning of qi and blood."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#865",
          "display": "五十動",
          "definition": "When feeling the pulse, it is advisable to measure at least 50 beats to identify an abrupt or regularly/ irregularly intermittent pulse."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#866",
          "display": "指目",
          "definition": "Refers to the area between fingertips and finger pulps, and the middle part connecting the two corners of the fingernails."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#867",
          "display": "至數",
          "definition": "A pulse-taking terminology, referring to pulse rates in one breath (a breathing cycle). A normal pulse is 4–5 beats in one breath. A rapid pulse is more than 5 beats in one breath. A slow pulse is less than 4 beats in one breath."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#868",
          "display": "二十八脈",
          "definition": "1) The 28 pulse conditions, namely, superficial (floating in other texts), deep, slow, rapid, slippery, hesitant, deficient, excessive, long, short, surging, feeble, tight, delayed, wiry, hollow, drumskin, soft, weak, scattered, thready, hidden, stirring, abrupt, knotted, intermittent and large (or swift). 2) The 28 meridians, including the 24 meridians of the both hands and feet, plus the Ren meridian, Du meridian, Yinqiao meridian and Yangqiao meridian."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#869",
          "display": "脈色合參",
          "definition": "Refers to comprehensive analysis on the pulse and facial complexion. Since the condition of the pulse and the five colours share a common pathological mechanism, the combined analysis provides a more accurate diagnosis of conditions and can predict prognosis."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#870",
          "display": "脈症合參",
          "definition": "A comprehensive analysis on the pulse and symptoms in diagnosing medical conditions. Sometimes the pulse is consistent with the symptoms, for example, a superficial, rapid pulse in a yang heat pattern or a thready, weak pulse in a deficiency pattern. Sometimes, the pulse is not consistent with the symptoms, for example, a deep, thready pulse in a yang heat pattern or a surging, large pulse in a deficiency pattern."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#871",
          "display": "舍脈從症",
          "definition": "When there is an inconsistency between the pulse and symptoms, sometimes the treatment strategy is more based on symptoms than the pulse if symptoms manifest the pathological nature."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#872",
          "display": "舍症從脈",
          "definition": "When there is an inconsistency between the pulse and symptoms, sometimes the treatment strategy is more based on the pulse than symptoms if the pulse manifests the pathological nature."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#873",
          "display": "脈無胃氣",
          "definition": "A pulse that has lost its usual rhythm, frequency and evenness, manifesting as wiry, tight, hard or scattered, rootless and irregular. It is often a life-threatening sign, indicating an exhaustion of stomach qi and vital qi failure of the five zang organs."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#874",
          "display": "脈從四時；脈應四時",
          "definition": "Physiological variations of normal pulses in four seasons. These include a mild wiry pulse in warm spring, a mild surging pulse in hot summer, a mild superficial pulse in cool autumn and a mild deep pulse in cold winter. The inconsistency or contradiction between the pulse and seasons indicates an abnormal body condition."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#875",
          "display": "春脈如弦",
          "definition": "In spring, yang qi ascends, everything comes out of hibernation and stretches in all directions, and qi and blood within the body starts to flow outward. Hence, the pulse is wiry and straight."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#876",
          "display": "夏脈如鉤",
          "definition": "In summer, yang qi flourishes and everything grows. As a result, the pulse is surging, large, and forceful, like roaring waves that crash onto the shore powerfully and slowly fade away."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#877",
          "display": "秋脈如浮",
          "definition": "In autumn, yang qi starts to constrict and the pulsation decreases. As a result, the pulse is mild, superficial and comes in a rush and becomes scattered."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#878",
          "display": "冬脈如營",
          "definition": "In winter, yang qi hides inside, and the skin pore is closed. As a result, the pulse is deep."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#879",
          "display": "陽微陰弦",
          "definition": "Feeble yang results from yang qi deficiency of the upper jiao. Wiry yin results from excess yin cold in the lower jiao. Yin cold obstructing chest yang may cause chest bi-impediment or cardiac pain."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#880",
          "display": "格陽關陰",
          "definition": "When the carotid pulsation feels four times stronger than normal, it is called rejected yang. It results from the three yang meridians (with overflow of qi and blood) rejecting the three yin meridians. When the radial pulsation is felt four times stronger than normal, it is called blocked yang. It results from the three yin meridians (with overflow of qi and blood) rejecting the three yang meridians. These conditions are also referred to as blockage between the upper and lower bodies."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#881",
          "display": "外關內格",
          "definition": "Refers to radial pulsation felt at Yuji (LU 10), indicating that yang qi is blocked outside, whereas yin qi is rejected inside."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#882",
          "display": "浮、中、沉",
          "definition": "Three levels in feeling the pulse by using light, moderate and heavy powers respectively."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#883",
          "display": "寸關尺",
          "definition": "The three sections over the radial artery for feeling the pulse. Specifically, the Guan position is central to the styloid process at the wrist, where the tip of the physician’ s middle finger is placed; the Chi position is next to it on the distal aspect where the tip of the physicians’index finger is placed; and the Cun position is on the proximal aspect where the tip of the physicians’ring finger is placed."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#884",
          "display": "寸脈",
          "definition": "One of the three positions at the Cunkou area: the pulsation of the radial artery felt at the radial styloid process."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#885",
          "display": "關脈",
          "definition": "One of the three positions at the Cunkou area: the pulsation of the radial artery felt at the ulnar side of the radial styloid process."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#886",
          "display": "尺脈",
          "definition": "One of the three positions at the Cunkou area: the pulsation of the radial artery felt at the cubital side of the radial styloid process."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#887",
          "display": "單按",
          "definition": "A pulse diagnosis method to feel the pulse on one hand with just one finger to differentiate the conditions of Cun, Guan and Chi pulses. For example, to lift the index and ring fingers while feeling the Guan position with the middle finger."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#888",
          "display": "平脈；常脈",
          "definition": "A pulse that can be felt at all three regions, with a frequency of 4–5 beats (60–75 beats per minute (bpm)) in one breath. It is neither superficial nor deep. It is relaxed, smooth, soft, forceful and rhythmic. It is marked by the three essential elements: stomach qi, spirit and root."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#889",
          "display": "浮脈",
          "definition": "A pulse that can be easily felt with gentle touch but become insufficient or weak when pressing down. Often indicates an exterior pattern or yang qi deficiency."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#890",
          "display": "沉脈",
          "definition": "A pulse that is difficult to feel with light or moderate pressure but can be felt on heavy pressure. It indicates an interior pattern. Specifically, a deep, forceful pulse indicates an interior excess pattern; whereas a deep, weak pulse indicates an interior deficiency pattern."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#891",
          "display": "遲脈",
          "definition": "A pulse with less than 4 beats in one breath (<60 bpm). It indicates a cold pattern."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#892",
          "display": "數脈",
          "definition": "A pulse with more than 5 beats in one breath (>75 bpm). It indicates a heat pattern. Specifically, a rapid, forceful pulse indicates an excess heat pattern; whereas a rapid, weak pulse indicates a deficiency heat pattern."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#893",
          "display": "洪脈",
          "definition": "A pulse that is broad, large and forceful like roaring waves that crash onto the shore powerfully and slowly fade away. Often indicates an excess heat pattern."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#894",
          "display": "大脈",
          "definition": "A pulse that is broad and can be felt on all three fingers. It indicates pathogenic factors prevailing over anti-pathogenic qi. A large, forceful pulse indicates an excess heat pattern; whereas a large, weak pulse indicates a deficiency pattern or loss of qi."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#895",
          "display": "微脈",
          "definition": "A pulse that is extremely thin, soft and barely palpable. It may be felt and then sometimes is lost. It indicates deficiency of yin, yang, qi and blood."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#896",
          "display": "細脈",
          "definition": "A pulse that feels thin and soft, like a silken thread. It indicates deficiency or dampness."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#897",
          "display": "散脈",
          "definition": "A pulse that feels superficial without root. With light pressure, it is irregularly and chaotic. With heavy pressure, it is impalpable. It indicates critical conditions with dispersion of Yuan- primordial qi."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#898",
          "display": "虛脈",
          "definition": "A pulse that is weak at all three regions, with emptiness feeling when pressed with force. It indicates a deficiency pattern."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#899",
          "display": "實脈",
          "definition": "A pulse that is forceful at all three regions using different pressure. It indicates an excess pattern."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#900",
          "display": "滑脈",
          "definition": "A pulse that feels smooth like pearls rolling on a dish. Beats come and go fluently and smoothly, feeling slick to the fingers. It indicates phlegm- fluid retention, indigestion and excess heat. Physiologically, it can be considered as a normal pulse. It can also be seen in healthy people or women during pregnancy, indicating abundant and harmonious qi and blood."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#901",
          "display": "澀脈",
          "definition": "A pulse that feels stagnant and obstructive, like a knife scraping bamboo. It indicates consumption of essence, blood/fluids insufficiency, or qi stagnation and blood stasis."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#902",
          "display": "長脈",
          "definition": "A pulse that can be felt beyond the Cun, Guan and Chi positions. It is straight from head to tail. It is straight and long like a pole. It indicates yang excess with internal heat."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#903",
          "display": "短脈",
          "definition": "A pulse that cannot reach its location or range. It can be felt most clearly at the Guan position, more indistinct at the Cun and the Chi positions. A short, forceful pulse indicates qi stagnation; whereas a short, weak pulse indicates qi deficiency."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#904",
          "display": "弦脈",
          "definition": "A pulse that feels straight, long and tense, like the feeling of pressing a tight string of a musical instrument. It indicates liver/gallbladder problems, pain, wind, or phlegm-fluid retention."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#905",
          "display": "芤脈",
          "definition": "A pulse that feels superficial, large but empty in the centre, like a scallion (spring onion) stalk. It could be due to a sudden loss of blood and/or fluid causing the emptiness, resulting in severe yin deficiency and subsequent massive dispersion of yang."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#906",
          "display": "緊脈",
          "definition": "A pulse that feels like pulling a twisted rope. It indicates a cold pattern, pain pattern or indigestion."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#907",
          "display": "緩脈",
          "definition": "A pulse with about 4 beats in one breath (60 bpm). The beats come and go slowly. It indicates dampness, weakness of the spleen and stomach, or low ability to energize the pulse due to qi deficiency."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#908",
          "display": "革脈",
          "definition": "A pulse that can be easily felt with gentle touch. It is superficial with an empty centre, feeling like the head of a drum. It indicates loss of blood/essence and insecurity of healthy qi."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#909",
          "display": "牢脈",
          "definition": "A pulse that feels deep, excessive, string-taut and long. It is indistinct on light or moderate pressure but stable on heavy pressure. It indicates internal cold, perhaps hernia and abdominal masses."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#910",
          "display": "弱脈",
          "definition": "A pulse that feels thready, soft, deep and weak. It indicates deficiency of qi and blood."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#911",
          "display": "濡脈",
          "definition": "A pulse that is superficial, thready and can be felt with light pressure but indistinct upon heavy pressure. It indicates loss of yin blood or dampness."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#912",
          "display": "伏脈",
          "definition": "A pulse that is difficult to feel and requires heavy pressure down to the bone. It indicates severe stagnation of pathogenic factors."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#913",
          "display": "促脈",
          "definition": "A pulse that arrives as urgent and forceful but irregularly interrupted. It indicates excess heat, stagnation of qi, blood, phlegm-fluid retention or swelling/pain."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#914",
          "display": "結脈",
          "definition": "A pulse that arrives unhurriedly and stops at irregular intervals. It indicates qi stagnation due to excess yin, blood stasis due to cold phlegm or deficiency of qi and blood."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#915",
          "display": "代脈",
          "definition": "A pulse that arrives fast, and stops regularly for a relatively longer period of time. It indicates qi deficiency of the zang organs, fear or traumatic injuries."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#916",
          "display": "疾脈；極脈",
          "definition": "A pulse that arrives swiftly and has a faster rate than a rapid pulse. It indicates acute febrile conditions, exhaustion of yin and impending exhaustion of Yuan-primordial qi."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#917",
          "display": "反關脈",
          "definition": "A physiological variation of a normal pulse: the changes of the anatomic position of the radial artery shifts the pulse normally at the Cunkou region to the back of the wrist from the Chi position."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#918",
          "display": "斜飛脈",
          "definition": "A physiological variation of a normal pulse: the changes of the anatomic position of the radial artery shifts the pulse normally at the Cunkou region to the dorsum of the hand from the Chi position."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#919",
          "display": "趺陽脈",
          "definition": "A pulse located at the anterior tibial artery of the dorsum of the foot. It is also known as surging yang (Chongyang) pulse. It is used to indicate the sufficiency of the qi and blood of spleen and stomach."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#920",
          "display": "鉤脈",
          "definition": "A pulse that feels firm, surging and large. It comes powerfully and fades away slowly. It is normal in summer."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#921",
          "display": "離經脈",
          "definition": "A pulse with one beat or three beats in one breath. It is often seen in a pregnant woman about to give birth."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#922",
          "display": "六陽脈",
          "definition": "One of the normal pulses: constitutional surging and large on Cun, Guan and Chi positions of both hands."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#923",
          "display": "六陰脈",
          "definition": "One of the normal pulses: constitutional deep and thready on Cun, Guan and Chi positions of both hands."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#924",
          "display": "平息",
          "definition": "Normal breathing frequency used in ancient times as a reference in measuring patients’breathing frequencies."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#925",
          "display": "人迎脈",
          "definition": "The pulsation of the carotid artery, easily felt on both sides of the laryngeal prominence."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#926",
          "display": "怪脈；真髒脈；敗脈；死脈；絕脈",
          "definition": "A pulse that has no root (stomach qi). Often occurs in later stage of critical conditions, indicating qi exhaustion of zang–fu organs and collapse of stomach qi."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#927",
          "display": "月經脈",
          "definition": "A pulse (usually slippery) often seen in healthy menstruating women. It indicates harmony between qi and blood during the period."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#928",
          "display": "妊娠脈",
          "definition": "A pulse characterized by slippery and rapid on the Chi positions, because the Chi position corresponds to the kidney and the uterus is associated with the kidney. A slippery, rapid pulse results from moving of fetal qi."
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#929",
          "display": "相兼脈",
          "definition": "Presence of two or more pulse conditions."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "WGM2#2250",
      "display": "三、治則、治法與療法",
      "concept": [
        {
          "code": "WGM2#2251",
          "display": "3.1 治則",
          "concept": [
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2252",
              "display": "急則治標",
              "definition": "A principle to address symptoms in acute conditions, for example, it is important to stop bleeding for heavy blood loss, to arrest diarrhoea for fulminant diarrhoea, alleviate pain for severe, intense pain and promote urination for urine retention."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2253",
              "display": "緩則治本",
              "definition": "A principle to regulate and reinforce the body to address the root cause when medical conditions become stable."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2254",
              "display": "標本兼治；標本同治",
              "definition": "A principle to address both symptoms and root cause simultaneously when needed."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2255",
              "display": "因時制宜",
              "definition": "A principle to use an appropriate method and medicine according to seasonal climate changes."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2256",
              "display": "因地制宜",
              "definition": "A principle to use an appropriate method and medicine according to geographic features."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2257",
              "display": "因人制宜",
              "definition": "A principle to use an appropriate method and medicine according to individual gender, age and constitution."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2258",
              "display": "扶正祛邪；扶正達邪",
              "definition": "A principle to reinforce anti-pathogenic qi to drive out the invading pathogenic factors. It is indicated for deficiency of anti-pathogenic qi coupled with exposure to pathogenic factors."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2259",
              "display": "扶正固本；扶正培本",
              "definition": "A principle to reinforce anti-pathogenic qi to speed up recovery. It is indicated for deficiency of anti-pathogenic qi."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2260",
              "display": "祛邪扶正；祛邪安正",
              "definition": "A principle to drive out the invading pathogenic factors, supplemented by reinforcing anti- pathogenic qi. It is indicated for excessive pathogenic factors with insufficiency of anti- pathogenic qi."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2261",
              "display": "攻補兼施",
              "definition": "A principle to reinforce anti-pathogenic qi and, at the same time, remove pathogenic factors. It is indicated for excessive pathogenic factors coupled with deficiency of healthy qi."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2262",
              "display": "先攻後補",
              "definition": "A principle to remove the invading pathogenic factors, followed by reinforcing anti-pathogenic qi. It is indicated for deficiency of healthy qi coupled with acute conditions that require immediate removal of pathogenic factors."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2263",
              "display": "先補後攻",
              "definition": "A principle to reinforce healthy qi, followed by removing the invading pathogenic factors. It is indicated for acute conditions that require immediate removal of pathogneic factors coupled with deficiency of healthy qi."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2264",
              "display": "正治法；逆治法",
              "definition": "A principle to use medicines opposite in nature to the disease, for example, to treat heat pattern with medicines cold in nature, treat cold pattern with medicine hot in nature, treat excess pattern with purgative/reducing medicines and treat deficiency pattern with tonic medicines."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2265",
              "display": "寒者熱之",
              "definition": "A principle to treat cold conditions with medicines or formulas that are warm or hot in nature."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2266",
              "display": "熱者寒之",
              "definition": "A principle to treat heat conditions with medicines or formulas that are cool or cold in nature."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2267",
              "display": "虛則補之",
              "definition": "A principle to treat deficiency conditions with tonic medicines or formulas."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2268",
              "display": "實則瀉之",
              "definition": "A principle to treat excess conditions with medicines or formulas that are purgative or reducing in nature."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2269",
              "display": "反治法；從治法",
              "definition": "A principle to address false signs or symptoms in extreme conditions such as extreme cold or heat. Under such conditions, it is necessary to use medicines similar in nature to the disease (i.e. follow the false symptoms), for example, to treat false heat with heat or treat false cold with cold."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2270",
              "display": "寒因寒用",
              "definition": "A principle to treat false cold (true heat) symptoms with medicines cool or cold in nature."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2271",
              "display": "熱因熱用",
              "definition": "A principle to treat false heat (true cold) symptoms with medicines warm or hot in nature."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2272",
              "display": "通因通用",
              "definition": "A principle to treat food stagnation-related vomiting and diarrhoea or uterine bleeding due to blood stasis with purgative or stasis-unblocking medicines or formulas."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2273",
              "display": "調理陰陽；調平陰陽；調整陰陽",
              "definition": "A principle to restore yin-yang equilibrium through medicines, food, emotions or reinforcing/ reducing needling techniques."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2274",
              "display": "從陰引陽；陰中求陽",
              "definition": "This is originally a needling method to puncture yin meridians for problems of yang meridians. Later, this method has been developed into a treatment principle based on interdependence between yin and yang: to add some yin-nourishing medicines to yang-reinforcing formulas to assist the transformation of yang qi."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2275",
              "display": "從陽引陰；陽中求陰",
              "definition": "This is originally a needling method to puncture yang meridians for problems of yin meridians. Later, this method has been developed into a principle based on interdependence between yin and yang: to add some yang-reinforcing medicines to yin-nourishing formulas to assist the generation of yin qi."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2276",
              "display": "虛者補其母；虛則補其母",
              "definition": "A principle to treat deficiency of zang–fu organs based on the five-element theory. For example, since (spleen) earth promotes (lung) metal, lung deficiency can be treated by reinforcing the spleen and stomach."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2277",
              "display": "實者瀉其子；實則瀉其子",
              "definition": "A principle to treat excess of zang–fu organs based on the five-element theory. For example, since (heart) fire promotes (spleen earth), hyperactivity of heart fire can be treated by reducing the spleen and stomach."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2278",
              "display": "異病同治",
              "definition": "A principle to use same treatment for different diseases that share the same pathogenesis."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2279",
              "display": "同病異治",
              "definition": "A principle to use different treatments for the same disease caused by different etiological factors; or a principle to treat the same disease according to differences in individuality, time, geographic features, disease severity, differentiated patterns, and ongoing struggle between anti-pathogenic qi and pathogenic factors."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2280",
              "display": "先表後裡",
              "definition": "A principle to treat an exterior pattern before an interior pattern. It applies to a severe exterior pattern but mild interior pattern in concurrent exterior and interior pattern. This principle aims to prevent pathogenic factors in the exterior from entering the interior."
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#2281",
          "display": "3.2 治法",
          "concept": [
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2282",
              "display": "解表法；發表法",
              "definition": "Methods to release the exterior"
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2283",
              "display": "辛溫解表；辛溫發汗；發表散寒",
              "definition": "A treatment method to remove wind and dissipate cold with pungent, warm medicines or formulas. It is indicated for wind cold exterior pattern."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2284",
              "display": "辛涼解表；辛涼透表；疏散風熱",
              "definition": "A treatment method to remove wind and clear heat with pungent, cool medicines or formulas. It is indicated for wind heat exterior pattern."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2285",
              "display": "辛涼清熱；解表清熱",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear heat in the exterior. It is indicated for patterns involving both the Wei- defence and qi phases."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2286",
              "display": "疏邪解表；疏邪透表",
              "definition": "A method to remove pathogenic factors in the exterior. It is indicated for excess exterior pattern."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2287",
              "display": "疏風透疹；解表透疹",
              "definition": "A treatment method to remove wind and promote skin eruption through formulas or external therapies. It is often indicated for measles or rubella."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2288",
              "display": "解表通經",
              "definition": "A treatment method to remove pathogenic factors in the exterior and unblock meridian qi through formulas, tuina or external therapies. It is indicated for external pathogenic factors impairing the meridian qi."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2289",
              "display": "解表宣肺",
              "definition": "A treatment method to remove pathogenic factors in the exterior and disperse lung qi. It is indicated for wind warmth or wind cold attacking the lung."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2290",
              "display": "調和營衛",
              "definition": "A treatment method to coordinate between Ying nutrients and Wei-defence through removing wind and nourishing yin. It is indicated for disorders due to disharmony between the Ying nutrients and Wei-defence."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2291",
              "display": "祛濕解表",
              "definition": "A treatment method to remove pathogenic factors in the exterior and resolve dampness with aroma. It is indicated for wind dampness affecting the exterior."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2292",
              "display": "理氣解表",
              "definition": "A treatment method to release the exterior and regulate qi. It is indicated for pathogenic factors affecting the exterior coupled with qi stagnation."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2293",
              "display": "扶正解表",
              "definition": "A treatment method to release the exterior and reinforce the healthy qi. It is indicated for deficiency of qi, blood, yin and yang coupled with external pathogenic factors affecting the exterior."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2294",
              "display": "益氣解表；補氣解表",
              "definition": "A treatment method to release the exterior and tonifyqi. It is indicated for exterior pattern coupled with qi deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2295",
              "display": "湧吐法",
              "definition": "Treatment methods to irritate the throat with medicine or tools to induce vomiting. The purpose is to expel harmful substances out of the body."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2296",
              "display": "湧吐痰涎",
              "definition": "A treatment method to induce vomiting to eliminate phlegm. It is indicated for exuberant, turbid phlegm affecting the upper or middle jiao."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2297",
              "display": "湧吐風痰",
              "definition": "A treatment method to induce vomiting to eliminate wind phlegm. It is indicated for wind phlegm affecting the upper part of the body."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2298",
              "display": "湧吐痰食",
              "definition": "A treatment method to induce vomiting to eliminate stagnant phlegm and food. It is indicated for phlegm intertwined with undigested food."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2299",
              "display": "湧吐宿食",
              "definition": "A treatment method to induce vomiting to eliminate undigested food. It is indicated for food retention in the stomach."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2300",
              "display": "開關湧吐；湧吐開關",
              "definition": "A treatment method to induce vomiting to unblock and resuscitate. It is indicated for exuberant, turbid phlegm disturbing the heart mind."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2301",
              "display": "攻下法；攻裡法",
              "definition": "Treatment methods to clear interior heat, retained water or stagnant blood."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2302",
              "display": "清熱攻下；瀉火攻下；瀉火通腑；瀉火通便；清熱通腑；清熱通便；苦寒攻下；峻下熱結",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear heat, reduce fire and unblock the bowel. It is indicated for heat accumulating in the large intestine."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2303",
              "display": "瀉結行滯",
              "definition": "A treatment method to combine purgative and qi-circulating medicines. It is indicated for conditions due to constipation due to heat and qi stagnation."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2304",
              "display": "溫下實寒",
              "definition": "A treatment method to combine purgative, yang- warming and cold-dissipating medicines. It is indicated for conditions due to excessive cold retention."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2305",
              "display": "潤燥通便；潤腸通便；增液通下；滋陰通下",
              "definition": "A treatment method to combine purgative, fluid- generating and dryness-moistening medicines. It is indicated for constipation due to intestinal dryness or yin deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2306",
              "display": "益氣通下；益氣通便",
              "definition": "A treatment method to supplement qi to promote bowel movements. It is indicated for constipation due to qi deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2307",
              "display": "溫陽通便；溫陽通下",
              "definition": "A treatment method to combine purgative, yang- warming and cold-dissipating medicines. It is indicated for constipation due to (yang) deficiency cold."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2308",
              "display": "潤腸泄熱",
              "definition": "A treatment method to combine purgative, ying- nourishing, dryness-moistening and heat-clearing medicines. It is indicated for conditions due to heat retention and intestinal dryness."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2309",
              "display": "軟堅潤燥",
              "definition": "A treatment method to use medicines to soften hardness and moisten dryness. It is indicated for conditions due to dryness resulting from fluid insufficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2310",
              "display": "瀉下逐水；攻下逐水；",
              "definition": "A treatment method to use purgative medicines to resolve water retention. It is indicated for conditions due to internal retention of water fluid."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2311",
              "display": "急下存陰",
              "definition": "A treatment method to conduct urgent purgation to preserve yin fluids. It is indicated for febrile disease with dry heat consuming yin fluids."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2312",
              "display": "表裡雙解法",
              "definition": "Treatment methods to remove pathogenic factors in both the exterior and interior."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2313",
              "display": "解表攻裡；發表攻裡；發表攻下；解表攻下",
              "definition": "A treatment method to combine purgative and exterior-releasing medicines. It is indicated for excess pattern involving both the exterior and interior."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2314",
              "display": "解表清裡",
              "definition": "A treatment method to combine exterior-releasing and interior-clearing medicines. It is indicated for exterior–interior heat pattern or exterior cold with interior heat pattern."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2315",
              "display": "解表溫裡；發汗溫裡",
              "definition": "A treatment method to use medicines to induce sweating, release the exterior, warm the interior and dissipate cold. It is indicated for exterior- interior cold pattern or exterior heat with interior cold pattern."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2316",
              "display": "和解法",
              "definition": "Treatment methods to harmonize and release pathogenic factors affecting Shaoyang or coordinate functions of the zang–fu organs."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2317",
              "display": "和解表裡",
              "definition": "A treatment method to use medicines that are neutral in property to harmonize between the exterior and interior. It is indicated for mild conditions involving both the exterior and interior."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2318",
              "display": "調和肝脾；調理肝脾",
              "definition": "A treatment method to soothe the liver, fortify the spleen and regulate qi activity to harmonize between the liver and spleen. It is indicated or liver qi stagnation with spleen deficiency or liver hyperactivity with spleen deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2319",
              "display": "疏肝和胃",
              "definition": "A treatment method to regulate qi activity of the liver and stomach to harmonize between the liver and stomach. It is indicated for conditions due to qi stagnation of the liver and stomach or disharmony between the liver and stomach."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2320",
              "display": "調理腸胃；調和腸胃",
              "definition": "A treatment method to regulate qi activity of the stomach and intestines to harmonize between the stomach and intestines. It is indicated for conditions due to qi stagnation of the stomach and intestines."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2321",
              "display": "調理脾胃；調和脾胃",
              "definition": "A treatment method to regulate qi activity of the spleen and stomach to harmonize between the spleen and stomach. It is indicated for conditions due to disharmony between the spleen and stomach."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2322",
              "display": "調和氣血；調理氣血；理氣和血",
              "definition": "A treatment method to use qi-regulating and blood-circulating formulas. It is indicated for conditions due to disharmony between qi and blood."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2323",
              "display": "調氣和營",
              "definition": "A treatment method to use medicines to regulate qi and harmonize the Ying nutrients. It is indicated for conditions due to disharmony between qi and Ying nutrients."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2324",
              "display": "平調寒熱；調和寒熱",
              "definition": "A treatment method to use neutral-property medicines to clear heat and remove cold. It is indicated for conditions due to disharmony between (yin) cold and (yang) heat."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2325",
              "display": "分消走泄",
              "definition": "A treatment method to induce urination and promote bowel movements to eliminate pathogenic factors."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2326",
              "display": "分消上下",
              "definition": "A treatment method to use medicines to induce vomiting, eliminate phlegm and promote bladder or bowel movements to separately eliminate pathogenic factors."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2327",
              "display": "表裡分消",
              "definition": "A treatment method to use medicines to release the exterior and clear interior excess to separately eliminate pathogenic factors from the exterior and interior."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2328",
              "display": "調理沖任；調攝沖任",
              "definition": "A treatment method to use formulas to regulate qi and blood of the Chong and Ren. It is indicated for conditions due to disharmony between the Chong and Ren."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2329",
              "display": "清熱法",
              "definition": "Treatment methods to clear excess or deficiency heat"
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2330",
              "display": "清熱瀉火；清熱降火；苦寒清熱",
              "definition": "A treatment method to use formulas that are cold in property and bitter in taste to clear heat and reduce fire. It is indicated for conditions due to exuberant fire-heat."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2331",
              "display": "辛寒清熱；辛寒清氣",
              "definition": "A treatment method to use formulas that are pungent cold in taste and cold in property to clear and disperse heat. It is indicated for qi phase pattern, pattern of both Wei-defence and qi phases or interior heat moving out to the exterior."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2332",
              "display": "清熱解毒；泄熱解毒；泄熱敗毒；清熱敗毒；清火解毒；清瀉火毒",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear heat and reduce fire to remove toxins. It is indicated for toxic fire, migratory toxic fire or toxic fire entering the collaterals."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2333",
              "display": "清熱涼血；清氣涼血",
              "definition": "A treatment method to use formulas to clear heat and cool blood. It is indicated for blazing of both qi and blood and blood phase pattern."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2334",
              "display": "清營涼血",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear heat in the Ying nutrients and cool blood. It is indicated for conditions due to heat entering the Ying nutrients and blood."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2335",
              "display": "清宣鬱熱；清泄鬱熱；清泄鬱火；清宣鬱火；解鬱泄熱；清熱除煩；清心除煩",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear heat, reduce fire and alleviate vexation. It is indicated for qi stagnation transforming into fire or heat disturbing the heart mind."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2336",
              "display": "清瀉虛熱；清瀉虛火",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear heat and nourish yin. It is indicated for internal heat due to yin deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2337",
              "display": "清泄裡熱；清泄臟腑",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear heat of the zang–fu organs. It is indicated for excess heat in the zang– fu organs."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2338",
              "display": "清心瀉火；清心泄熱",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear the heart and reduce fire. It is indicated for conditions due to exuberance of heart fire."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2339",
              "display": "清熱瀉肺",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear lung heat. It is indicated for conditions due to exuberance of lung heat."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2340",
              "display": "清胃泄熱；清胃降火；清胃降熱；清胃泄火",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear stomach fire. It is indicated for conditions due to exuberance of stomach fire."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2341",
              "display": "清脾泄熱；清脾瀉火；清泄脾胃伏火",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear fire heat of the spleen and stomach. It is indicated for excess heat in the spleen and stomach."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2342",
              "display": "清肝泄火；清肝瀉火；清肝瀉熱；清肝泄熱",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear fire heat in the liver meridian. It is indicated for fire hyperactivity along the liver meridian, exuberance of liver fire and upward flaming of liver fire."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2343",
              "display": "清泄膽熱；清泄膽火",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear fire heat in the gallbladder meridian. It is indicated for stagnant heat in the gallbladder meridian."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2344",
              "display": "清瀉肝膽；清泄肝膽",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear fire heat in the liver and gallbladder. It is indicated for fire hyperactivity of the liver and gallbladder."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2345",
              "display": "清心瀉脾",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear fire heat in the heart and spleen. It is indicated for heat accumulating in the heart and spleen."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2346",
              "display": "清心瀉肝",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear fire heat in the heart and liver. It is indicated for fire hyperactivity of the heart and liver."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2347",
              "display": "清心瀉肺",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear fire heat in the heart and lung. It is indicated for exuberant heat in the heart and lung."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2348",
              "display": "清心瀉腎",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear fire heat in the heart and kidney. It is indicated for fire heat in the heart and kidney."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2349",
              "display": "瀉肝清肺",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear fire heat in the liver and lung. It is indicated for liver fire attacking the lung or exuberant heat in the liver and lung."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2350",
              "display": "瀉肝清胃",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear fire heat in the liver and stomach. It is indicated for liver fire attacking the stomach or exuberant heat in the liver and stomach."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2351",
              "display": "清瀉肺胃",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear fire heat in the lung and stomach. It is indicated for exuberant heat in the lung and stomach."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2352",
              "display": "清泄膈熱",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear heat and cool the diaphragm. It is indicated for heat disturbing the diaphragm."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2353",
              "display": "清瀉腸熱",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear intestinal fire heat. It is indicated for conditions due to excess heat in the intestines."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2354",
              "display": "清泄相火",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear heat and reduce ministerial fire. It is indicated for hyperactivity and stirring of ministerial fire."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2355",
              "display": "清熱通淋；瀉火通淋",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear fire heat in the urinary bladder. It is indicated for heat strangury or retained heat in the urinary bladder."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2356",
              "display": "清熱安胎",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear fire heat to quiet the fetus. It is indicated for threatened abortion due to heat disturbing the uterus."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2357",
              "display": "清熱生津；泄熱生津；泄熱存津；清熱存津；甘涼清熱",
              "definition": "A treatment method to use heat-clearing and fluid-generating medicines. It is indicated for fire heat consuming fluids or internal heat due to yin deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2358",
              "display": "清熱除蒸",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear heat, reduce fire and eliminate bone-steaming sensation. It is indicated for conditions due to deficiency fire or bone- steaming sensation."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2359",
              "display": "理氣法",
              "definition": "Treatment methods to regulate qi activity"
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2360",
              "display": "理氣行滯；理氣導滯",
              "definition": "A treatment method to regulate qi and unblock stagnation. It is indicated for conditions due to qi stagnation."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2361",
              "display": "疏肝理氣；疏肝解鬱",
              "definition": "A treatment method to soothe the liver, regulate qi, unblock stagnation and resolve depression. It is indicated for conditions due to liver qi stagnation."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2362",
              "display": "疏肝利膽",
              "definition": "A treatment method to soothe liver qi and promote the flow of bile. It is indicated for conditions due to qi stagnation of the liver and gallbladder."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2363",
              "display": "宣肺通氣",
              "definition": "A treatment method to disperse lung qi. It is indicated for conditions due to pathogenic factors affecting the dispersing of lung qi."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2364",
              "display": "行氣和胃；理氣和胃；理氣健胃；行氣健胃；行氣寬中",
              "definition": "A treatment method to regulate qi, unblock stagnation, harmonize the stomach and soothe the middle jiao. It is indicated for conditions due to stomach qi failing to descend or stomach qi stagnation."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2365",
              "display": "理氣健脾",
              "definition": "A treatment method to regulate and supplement qi, unblock stagnation, and strengthen the spleen. It is indicated for conditions due to spleen failing to transport and transform, spleen deficiency with qi stagnation or worries damaging the spleen."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2366",
              "display": "行氣降逆；順氣降逆",
              "definition": "A treatment method to circulate and down- regulate qi. It is indicated for conditions due to adverse ascending of qi."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2367",
              "display": "理氣消痞；行氣消痞；行氣散結；理氣散結",
              "definition": "A treatment method to regulate qi, unblock stagnation and thus resolve masses/nodules. It is indicated for conditions due to chronic qi stagnation."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2368",
              "display": "理血法",
              "definition": "Treatment methods to regulate blood and restore normal blood circulation"
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2369",
              "display": "活血化瘀；活血祛瘀；活血散瘀；",
              "definition": "A treatment method to circulate blood and transform stasis. It is indicated for conditions due to blood stasis."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2370",
              "display": "化瘀清熱",
              "definition": "A treatment method to transform stasis and clear heat. It is indicated for blood stasis transforming into heat or heat-induced blood stagnation."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2371",
              "display": "活血行滯；活血行氣",
              "definition": "A treatment method to circulate blood, resolve stasis, regulate qi and eliminate stagnation. It is indicated for blood stasis due to qi stagnation or qi stagnation due to blood stasis."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2372",
              "display": "活血消積；活血消癥",
              "definition": "A treatment method to circulate blood, transform stasis and resolve masses. It is indicated for masses due to blood stagnation."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2373",
              "display": "祛瘀生新；化瘀生新",
              "definition": "A treatment method to circulate blood, transform stasis and regenerate new blood. It is indicated for blood stasis coupled with blood deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2374",
              "display": "活血養血；和血養血；祛瘀養血",
              "definition": "A treatment method to circulate and nourish blood. It is indicated for conditions due to blood deficiency coupled with stasis."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2375",
              "display": "祛瘀通絡；化瘀通絡；行瘀通絡",
              "definition": "A treatment method to circulate blood, transform stasis and unblock meridians. It is indicated for conditions due to blood stasis obstructing the meridians."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2376",
              "display": "化瘀利水",
              "definition": "A treatment method to circulate blood, transform stasis, resolve water retention and drain dampness. It is indicated for conditions due to blood stasis and water retention."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2377",
              "display": "化瘀消腫；祛瘀消腫；散瘀消腫；破瘀消腫",
              "definition": "A treatment method to circulate blood, transform stasis and resolve swelling. It is indicated for haematoma."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2378",
              "display": "活血舒筋；祛瘀舒筋",
              "definition": "A treatment method to circulate blood, transform stasis, relax tendons and unblock meridians. It is indicated for conditions due to blood stasis affecting the tendons and meridians."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2379",
              "display": "活血祛風；活血搜風",
              "definition": "A treatment method to circulate blood, transform stasis, eliminate wind and unblock meridians. It is indicated for conditions due to blood stasis with wind dryness or blood stasis with wind bi-impediment."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2380",
              "display": "活血止痛；活血通絡止痛",
              "definition": "A treatment method to circulate blood, unblock meridians and alleviate pain. It is indicated for pain due to blood stasis obstructing the meridians."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2381",
              "display": "化瘀止血；祛瘀止血",
              "definition": "A treatment method to circulate blood, transform stasis and stop bleeding. It is indicated for bleeding due to blood stasis."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2382",
              "display": "通絡下乳",
              "definition": "A treatment method to unblock meridians to increase lactation. It is indicated for insufficient lactation due to meridian obstruction."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2383",
              "display": "和絡；通絡；活絡",
              "definition": "A treatment method to harmonize meridians using acupuncture, tuina, external therapies or herbal formulas. It is indicated for conditions caused by meridian obstruction."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2384",
              "display": "通經止癢",
              "definition": "A treatment method to unblock meridians, harmonize blood and stop itching using herbal formulas or other therapies. It is indicated for itching due to obstruction of meridian qi."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2385",
              "display": "活血調經；和血調經",
              "definition": "A treatment method to circulate blood, regulate qi and benefit menstruation. It is indicated for irregular menstruation due to disharmony between qi and blood."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2386",
              "display": "和血安胎",
              "definition": "A treatment method to circulate blood, regulate qi and quiet the fetus. It is indicated for threatened abortion due to disharmony between qi and blood."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2387",
              "display": "祛瘀下胎；化瘀下胎；化瘀催產；祛瘀催產",
              "definition": "A treatment method to circulate blood, transform stasis and induce labour. It is indicated for difficult labour due to blood stasis and qi stagnation."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2388",
              "display": "化瘀通腦",
              "definition": "A treatment method to circulate blood, transform stasis and unblock brain collaterals. It is indicated for conditions due to stasis obstructing the brain collaterals."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2389",
              "display": "化瘀宣肺",
              "definition": "A treatment method to circulate blood, transform stasis and disperse lung qi. It is indicated for conditions due to stasis obstructing the lung collaterals."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2390",
              "display": "化瘀寬胸",
              "definition": "A treatment method to circulate blood, transform stasis, and soothe the chest and diaphragm. It is indicated for stasis obstructing the chest, diaphragm or subcostal region."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2391",
              "display": "化瘀寬心",
              "definition": "A treatment method to circulate blood, transform stasis and unblock heart vessels. It is indicated for conditions due to heart blood stasis."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2392",
              "display": "化瘀和胃",
              "definition": "A treatment method to circulate blood, transform stasis, harmonize the stomach, and soothe the spleen and stomach. It is indicated for stasis obstructing the stomach collaterals."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2393",
              "display": "化瘀養胃",
              "definition": "A treatment method to circulate blood, transform stasis, nourish the stomach and harmonize the spleen and stomach. It is indicated for conditions due to stomach deficiency with blood stasis."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2394",
              "display": "化瘀疏肝",
              "definition": "A treatment method to circulate blood, transform stasis, soothe the liver and harmonize collaterals. It is indicated for conditions due to liver blood stasis."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2395",
              "display": "化瘀養肝",
              "definition": "A treatment method to circulate blood, transform stasis, tonify blood and nourish the liver. It is indicated for conditions due to liver deficiency with blood stasis."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2396",
              "display": "化瘀理脾",
              "definition": "A treatment method to circulate blood, transform stasis, strengthen the spleen and harmonize the spleen and stomach. It is indicated for conditions due to blood stasis affecting the spleen meridian."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2397",
              "display": "祛濕法",
              "definition": "Methods to disperse and transform dampness with aromatic medicines"
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2398",
              "display": "辟穢化濁；芳香化濁；辟穢泄濁；芳香泄濁",
              "definition": "A treatment method to transform turbidity and repel filth with aromatic medicines. It is indicated for conditions due to filth, turbidity and dampness."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2399",
              "display": "利濕化濁；祛濕化濁",
              "definition": "A treatment method to induce urination to transform turbid dampness. It is indicated for conditions due to dampness."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2400",
              "display": "宣散濕邪；宣散濕濁",
              "definition": "A treatment method to disperse turbid dampness with aromatic, pungent medicines. It is indicated for conditions due to dampness binding the exterior."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2401",
              "display": "行氣化濕；理氣化濕",
              "definition": "A treatment method to regulate qi, unblock stagnation and transform dampness with aromatic medicines. It is indicated for conditions due to dampness obstructing the flow of qi."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2402",
              "display": "化濕和營；燥濕和營",
              "definition": "A treatment method to transform dampness with aromatic medicines and harmonize between the Ying nutrients and Wei-defence. It is indicated for conditions due to dampness affecting the surface of the body."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2403",
              "display": "化濕和中；化濕醒脾；化濕健脾；化濕運脾",
              "definition": "A treatment method to transform turbid dampness to strengthen the spleen and harmonize the stomach. It is indicated for conditions due to dampness affecting the spleen and stomach or spleen deficiency coupled with dampness."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2404",
              "display": "健脾化濕；扶脾化濕；扶脾祛濕；健脾祛濕",
              "definition": "A treatment method to tonify spleen qi to transform turbid phlegm. It is indicated for conditions due to spleen deficiency coupled with dampness."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2405",
              "display": "淡滲分利；淡滲祛濕",
              "definition": "A treatment method to resolve dampness by inducing urination with medicines that are bland in taste. It is indicated for conditions due to internal retention of water dampness."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2406",
              "display": "寬中利濕；寬中化濕",
              "definition": "A treatment method to transform turbid dampness to strengthen the spleen and harmonize the stomach. It is indicated for conditions due to spleen deficiency coupled with dampness."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2407",
              "display": "清心利濕；清心利水",
              "definition": "A treatment method to induce urination and clear heart fire. It is indicated for exuberance of heart fire coupled with water dampness."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2408",
              "display": "清膽利濕",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear gallbladder heat and transform dampness. It is indicated for damp heat in the gallbladder."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2409",
              "display": "燥濕行氣；燥濕行滯",
              "definition": "A treatment method to regulate qi, unblock stagnation and dry dampness. It is indicated for conditions due to qi stagnation coupled with dampness retention."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2410",
              "display": "燥濕和胃；燥濕和中",
              "definition": "A treatment method to dry dampness with pungent, dry medicines and harmonize the stomach. It is indicated for conditions due to dampness obstructing the spleen and stomach."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2411",
              "display": "祛風燥濕；疏風燥濕；疏風化濕；祛風化濕",
              "definition": "A treatment method to remove wind and dry dampness. It is indicated for conditions due to wind dampness affecting the body."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2412",
              "display": "散寒除濕；散寒祛濕；散寒燥濕；",
              "definition": "A treatment method to remove cold and eliminate dampness with pungent, warm medicines. It is indicated for conditions due to cold dampness affecting the body."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2413",
              "display": "清熱祛濕；清熱除濕",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear heat and eliminate dampness. It is indicated for conditions due to damp heat accumulation."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2414",
              "display": "清利三焦；清化三焦；清化三焦濕熱；清理三焦濕熱",
              "definition": "A treatment method to combine heat-clearing and dampness-resolving medicines. It is indicated for conditions due to damp heat diffusing over the three jiao."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2415",
              "display": "清熱燥濕解毒；泄熱燥濕解毒；泄熱化濕解毒；清熱化濕解毒",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear heat, transform dampness and remove toxins. It is indicated for conditions due to toxic damp heat accumulation."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2416",
              "display": "利水消腫",
              "definition": "A treatment method or formula to induce urination to resolve oedema. It is indicated for oedema."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2417",
              "display": "除濕通絡；化濕通絡",
              "definition": "A treatment method to transform dampness and unblock collaterals. It is indicated for dampness obstructing the collaterals."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2418",
              "display": "潤燥法",
              "definition": "Treatment methods to increase fluids to moisten dryness"
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2419",
              "display": "輕宣潤燥；輕宣外燥",
              "definition": "A treatment method to disperse lung qi, increase fluids and moisten dryness. It is indicated for external dryness affecting the exterior."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2420",
              "display": "清熱潤燥",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear heat, increase fluids and moisten dryness. It is indicated for conditions due to warm dryness damaging yin."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2421",
              "display": "清肺潤燥；清燥潤肺",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear heat, disperse lung qi and moisten dryness. It is indicated for dryness affecting the lung, lung heat due to yin deficiency or lung dryness with stagnant heat."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2422",
              "display": "滋陰潤燥；養陰潤燥",
              "definition": "A treatment method to nourish yin, clear heat, increase fluids and moisten dryness. It is indicated for internal dryness due to yin deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2423",
              "display": "養血潤燥；補血潤燥",
              "definition": "A treatment method to tonify blood, increase fluids and moisten dryness. It is indicated for blood dryness due to yin deficiency or blood deficiency with wind dryness."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2424",
              "display": "潤燥止渴",
              "definition": "A treatment method to nourish yin, increase fluids and alleviate thirst. It is indicated for conditions due to deficiency of yin fluids."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2425",
              "display": "潤燥止咳；潤肺止咳",
              "definition": "A treatment method to nourish yin, moisten dryness and stop coughing. It is indicated for cough due to yin deficiency and lung dryness."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2426",
              "display": "潤燥解毒",
              "definition": "A treatment method to nourish yin, moisten dryness and remove toxins. It is indicated for conditions due to toxic dryness."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2427",
              "display": "增液通便；增水行舟",
              "definition": "A treatment method to nourish fluids, moisten the intestines and promote bowel movements. It is indicated for constipation due to large intestine dryness."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2428",
              "display": "補益法",
              "definition": "Treatment methods to tonify yin, yang, qi, blood and bodily fluids and reinforce the functions of the zang–fu organs."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2429",
              "display": "補氣；益氣；扶正益氣；扶正補氣",
              "definition": "A treatment method to tonify healthy qi. It is indicated for conditions due to qi deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2430",
              "display": "補益心氣；補心益氣",
              "definition": "A treatment method to tonify qi and nourish the heart. It is indicated for conditions due to heart qi deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2431",
              "display": "補益肺氣；補肺益氣",
              "definition": "A treatment method to tonify qi and benefit the lung. It is indicated for conditions due to lung qi deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2432",
              "display": "補益中氣；補脾健胃；補中益氣",
              "definition": "A treatment method to tonify qi, strengthen the spleen and benefit the stomach. It is indicated for conditions due to qi deficiency of the spleen and stomach."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2433",
              "display": "補益肝氣；補肝益氣",
              "definition": "A treatment method to tonify qi and nourish the liver. It is indicated for conditions due to liver qi deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2434",
              "display": "補益腎氣；補腎益氣",
              "definition": "A treatment method to tonify the kidney and supplement qi. It is indicated for conditions due to kidney qi deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2435",
              "display": "補益心肺；補心益肺",
              "definition": "A treatment method to tonify qi of the heart and lung. It is indicated for conditions due to qi deficiency of the heart and lung."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2436",
              "display": "補脾益肺；培土生金",
              "definition": "A treatment method to tonify qi of the spleen and lung. It is indicated for conditions due to qi deficiency of the spleen and lung."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2437",
              "display": "補益脾腎；補脾益腎",
              "definition": "A treatment method to tonify qi of the spleen and kidney. It is indicated for conditions due to qi deficiency of the spleen and kidney."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2438",
              "display": "補氣固脫；益氣固脫",
              "definition": "A treatment method to greatly supplement vital qi. It is indicated for conditions due to collapse of vital qi."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2439",
              "display": "補血",
              "definition": "A treatment method to supplement blood. It is indicated for conditions due to blood deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2440",
              "display": "補血養心",
              "definition": "A treatment method to tonify blood and nourish the heart. It is indicated for conditions due to heart blood deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2441",
              "display": "補血養肝",
              "definition": "A treatment method to tonify blood and nourish the liver. It is indicated for conditions due to liver blood deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2442",
              "display": "補血固脫",
              "definition": "A treatment method to tonify blood and prevent collapse. It is indicated for conditions due to blood loss."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2443",
              "display": "滋陰；滋補陰液",
              "definition": "A treatment method to nourish yin and supplement yin fluids with sweet, tonic food or medicines. It is indicated for conditions due to yin deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2444",
              "display": "滋補心陰；滋養心陰",
              "definition": "A treatment method to nourish heart yin. It is indicated for conditions due to heart yin deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2445",
              "display": "滋補肺陰；滋養肺陰",
              "definition": "A treatment method to nourish yin and tonify the lung. It is indicated for conditions due to lung yin deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2446",
              "display": "滋陰益胃；養陰益胃；養陰和胃；滋陰和胃；益胃生津",
              "definition": "A treatment method to nourish yin, generate fluids, supplement qi and benefit the stomach. It is indicated for stomach yin deficiency, qi and yin deficiency of the stomach or stomach dryness."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2447",
              "display": "滋補脾陰；滋養脾陰",
              "definition": "A treatment method to nourish yin and fortify the spleen. It is indicated for conditions due to spleen yin deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2448",
              "display": "滋補肝陰；滋養肝陰",
              "definition": "A treatment method to nourish liver yin. It is indicated for conditions due to liver yin deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2449",
              "display": "滋補腎陰；滋養腎陰",
              "definition": "A treatment method to nourish kidney yin. It is indicated for conditions due to kidney yin deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2450",
              "display": "滋補心肺；滋養心肺",
              "definition": "A treatment method to nourish and supplement the heart and lung. It is indicated for qi and yin deficiency of the heart and lung."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2451",
              "display": "滋陰清熱；養陰清熱",
              "definition": "A treatment method to nourish yin and clear heat. It is indicated for conditions due to (yin) deficiency heat."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2452",
              "display": "補陽益氣；溫陽益氣",
              "definition": "A treatment method to combine yang-warming and qi-tonifying medicines. It is indicated for conditions due to yang qi deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2453",
              "display": "補陽；壯陽；溫陽",
              "definition": "A treatment method to warm and tonify yang qi. It is indicated for conditions due to yang deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2454",
              "display": "溫補心陽",
              "definition": "A treatment method to use warm-property medicines to tonify the heart and activate yang qi. It is indicated for conditions due to heart yang deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2455",
              "display": "溫補肺陽",
              "definition": "A treatment method to warm yang and tonify the lung. It is indicated for conditions due to lung yang deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2456",
              "display": "溫補脾陽；溫運脾陽",
              "definition": "A treatment method to warm yang and fortify the spleen. It is indicated for conditions due to spleen yang deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2457",
              "display": "溫補胃陽；溫陽益胃",
              "definition": "A treatment method to warm yang and strengthen the stomach. It is indicated for conditions due to stomach yang deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2458",
              "display": "溫補肝陽",
              "definition": "A treatment method to warm yang and tonify the liver. It is indicated for conditions due to liver yang deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2459",
              "display": "溫補腎陽；溫補腎氣；溫腎壯陽",
              "definition": "A treatment method to warm yang and tonify the kidney. It is indicated for conditions due to kidney yang deficiency and kidney qi deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2460",
              "display": "溫補心肺",
              "definition": "A treatment method to warm and tonify the heart and lung. It is indicated for yang deficiency of the heart and lung."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2461",
              "display": "溫陽行氣；溫陽理氣",
              "definition": "A treatment method to warm yang, regulate qi and unblock stagnation. It is indicated for conditions due to yang deficiency and qi stagnation."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2462",
              "display": "補益氣血；補氣養血",
              "definition": "A treatment method to tonify qi and blood. It is indicated for conditions due to deficiency of qi and blood."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2463",
              "display": "滋陰補陽；滋陰溫陽",
              "definition": "A treatment method to nourish yin and tonify yang. It is indicated for conditions due to deficiency of yin and yang."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2464",
              "display": "益氣滋陰；益氣養陰；滋陰益氣；補精益髓；補腎益髓",
              "definition": "A treatment method to supplement qi and nourish yin. It is indicated for deficiency of qi and yin."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2465",
              "display": "補益精髓",
              "definition": "A treatment method to supplement essence and marrow with medicines that contain animal flesh and blood. It is indicated for kidney deficiency or essential qi deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2466",
              "display": "補益心腎",
              "definition": "A treatment method to tonify the heart and benefit the kidney. It is indicated for yin/ yang deficiency of the heart and kidney, qi/ yin deficiency of the heart and kidney, and qi deficiency of the heart and kidney."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2467",
              "display": "滋陰補血",
              "definition": "A treatment method to combine yin-nourishing and blood-tonifying medicines. It is indicated for conditions due to yin blood deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2468",
              "display": "生氣於精",
              "definition": "A treatment method to tonify yin essence to transform into yang qi. It is indicated for conditions resulting from yang qi deficiency due to yin essence deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2469",
              "display": "益氣固脫",
              "definition": "A treatment method to prevent life-threatening qi collapse following loss of blood/fluids with qi-supplementing and astringent medicines."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2470",
              "display": "溫裡法",
              "definition": "Treatment methods to warm and unblock the zang–fu organs and meridians, supplement yang and dissipate cold"
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2471",
              "display": "回陽；回陽急救",
              "definition": "A treatment method to greatly tonify yang qi. It is indicated for conditions due to yang depletion."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2472",
              "display": "溫陽散寒；溫裡散寒",
              "definition": "A treatment method to warm and tonify yang qi and dissipate cold. It is indicated for cold retention due to yang deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2473",
              "display": "溫經散寒；溫經祛寒",
              "definition": "A treatment method to warm yang, dissipate cold and unblock meridians. It is indicated for conditions due to cold retention in the meridians."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2474",
              "display": "散寒止痛",
              "definition": "A treatment method to stop pain by dissipating cold. It is indicated for pain due to cold retention."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2475",
              "display": "祛暑法",
              "definition": "Treatment methods to remove summer heat"
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2476",
              "display": "祛暑清熱；滌暑清熱",
              "definition": "A treatment method to remove summer heat. It is indicated for conditions due to summer heat."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2477",
              "display": "祛暑解表；解表清暑",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear summer heat and release the exterior. It is indicated for summer heat attacking the exterior."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2478",
              "display": "清暑解毒",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear summer heat and transform dampness. It is indicated for conditions due to accumulation of summer heat and dampness."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2479",
              "display": "祛暑利濕；清暑利濕；清暑化濕；祛暑化濕",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear summer heat and transform dampness. It is indicated for conditions due to internal retention of summer heat and dampness."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2480",
              "display": "清暑益氣",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear summer heat, tonify qi and generate fluids. It is indicated for conditions due to summer heat damaging bodily fluids."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2481",
              "display": "清心滌暑",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear the heart and remove summer heat. It is indicated for summer heat blocking the heart mind."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2482",
              "display": "清暑宣肺",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear summer heat and disperse lung qi. It is indicated for cough or haemoptysis due to summer heat damaging the lung collaterals."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2483",
              "display": "治風法",
              "definition": "Treatment methods to dispel external wind or calm down the internal wind"
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2484",
              "display": "疏散風邪；疏散外風",
              "definition": "A treatment method to remove wind and release the exterior. It is indicated for conditions due to wind attacking the exterior."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2485",
              "display": "平肝熄風；鎮肝熄風",
              "definition": "A treatment method to use formulas that contain heavy medicinal minerals to submerge liver yang and stop wind. It is indicated for conditions due to liver yang transforming into wind or sudden hyperactivity of liver yang."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2486",
              "display": "平肝潛陽",
              "definition": "A treatment method to use heavy medicinal minerals to soothe the liver and subdue yang. It is indicated for conditions due to hyperactivity of liver yang."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2487",
              "display": "熄風解痙；熄風定痙；鎮痙熄風",
              "definition": "A treatment method to stop wind and relieve convulsions. It is indicated for convulsions due to internal stirring of liver wind."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2488",
              "display": "祛痰法",
              "definition": "Treatment methods to resolve phlegm fluids or nodules in the zang–fu organs, meridians, cutaneous membrane and limbs/joints"
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2489",
              "display": "宣肺化痰；宣肺祛痰；豁痰宣肺",
              "definition": "A treatment method to combine medicines to disperse lung qi and transform phlegm. It is indicated for conditions due to turbid phlegm obstructing the lung."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2490",
              "display": "燥濕化痰；祛濕化痰；化痰除濕；豁痰燥濕",
              "definition": "A treatment method to dry dampness and transform phlegm. It is indicated for conditions due to phlegm dampness."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2491",
              "display": "清熱化痰；清熱祛痰；清化熱痰",
              "definition": "A treatment method to combine medicines that clear heat and transform phlegm. It is indicated for conditions due to heat phlegm."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2492",
              "display": "潤燥化痰；潤肺化痰；潤化燥痰",
              "definition": "A treatment method to generate fluids, moisten dryness and transform phlegm. It is indicated for conditions due to dry phlegm."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2493",
              "display": "溫化寒痰；溫陽化痰",
              "definition": "A treatment method to warm yang, remove cold and transform phlegm. It is indicated for conditions due to cold phlegm."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2494",
              "display": "祛風化痰；治風化痰",
              "definition": "A treatment method to combine medicines to remove wind and transform phlegm. It is indicated for conditions due to wind phlegm."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2495",
              "display": "理氣化痰；行氣化痰；行氣祛痰；理氣祛痰",
              "definition": "A treatment method to combine medicines to regulate qi, unblock stagnation and transform phlegm. It is indicated for conditions due to qi stagnation with phlegm retention or phlegm qi stagnation."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2496",
              "display": "散寒化飲",
              "definition": "A treatment method to dissipate cold and transform water retention using pungent warm medicines. It is indicated for conditions due to internal retention of cold fluid."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2497",
              "display": "瀉肺逐飲",
              "definition": "A treatment method to combine medicines to transform fluid retention and drain the lung. It is indicated for conditions due to fluid retention affecting the lung."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2498",
              "display": "溫陽化飲；溫化寒飲；溫化痰飲",
              "definition": "A treatment method to warm yang, transform phlegm and eliminate fluid retention using pungent warm medicines. It is indicated for conditions resulting from fluid retention due to yang deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2499",
              "display": "化痰消食",
              "definition": "A treatment method to combine medicines to transform phlegm and promote digestion. It is indicated for conditions due to phlegm-food stagnation."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2500",
              "display": "祛痰化瘀",
              "definition": "A treatment method to combine medicines to eliminate phlegm and transform stasis. It is indicated for conditions due to phlegm combined with stasis."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2501",
              "display": "化痰散結；化痰破結；滌痰破結；滌痰散結；祛痰軟堅；豁痰軟堅",
              "definition": "A treatment method to combine medicines to transform phlegm, eliminate masses and soften hardness. It is indicated for phlegm nodules."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2502",
              "display": "化痰消癭；化痰消瘤",
              "definition": "A treatment method to transform phlegm, resolve goitre and disperse nodules. It is indicated for goitre due to phlegm nodules."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2503",
              "display": "祛痰宣痹",
              "definition": "A treatment method to unblock bi-impediment by eliminating turbid phlegm. It is indicated for conditions due to turbid phlegm retention."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2504",
              "display": "清熱祛痰化瘀",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear heat, eliminate phlegm and transform stasis. It is indicated for phlegm heat intertwined with stasis or phlegm stasis transforming into heat."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2505",
              "display": "祛痰殺蟲",
              "definition": "A treatment method to combine medicines to eliminate phlegm and kill parasites. It is indicated for conditions due to phlegm mixed with parasites."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2506",
              "display": "祛痰理氣解毒",
              "definition": "A treatment method to eliminate stasis, regulate qi and remove toxins. It is indicated for toxic phlegm retention."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2507",
              "display": "開竅法",
              "definition": "Treatment methods to open the orifice and refresh the mind"
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2508",
              "display": "開竅通閉；通竅開閉",
              "definition": "A treatment method to open the orifices, refresh the mind and unblock impediments. It is indicated for conditions due to pathogenic factors misting the heart mind."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2509",
              "display": "清熱開竅；泄熱開竅",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear heat, reduce fire, open the orifices and refresh the mind. It is indicated for conditions due to heat blocking the heart mind."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2510",
              "display": "寧心開竅；寧神開竅",
              "definition": "A treatment method to nourish the heart and settle the mind. It is indicated for cardiac shock, shock from heavy blood loss or unconsciousness due to fear/fright damaging the heart mind."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2511",
              "display": "芳香開竅；芳香通竅；辟穢開竅；辟穢通竅",
              "definition": "A treatment method to unblock impediment and open the orifices with aromatic medicines. It is indicated for unconsciousness due to turbidity blocking the pericardium."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2512",
              "display": "散寒開竅；散寒通竅；散寒通閉；散寒開閉；辛溫開竅；辛溫通竅",
              "definition": "A treatment method to warm yang, dissipate cold and open the orifices with pungent, warm medicines. It is indicated for cold-induced shock or unconsciousness due to cold retention and qi stagnation."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2513",
              "display": "利濕開竅；利濕通竅；化濕開竅；化濕通竅",
              "definition": "A treatment method to transform dampness and open the orifices. It is indicated for turbid phlegm misting the heart mind."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2514",
              "display": "化痰開竅；祛痰開竅；滌痰開竅；豁痰開竅",
              "definition": "A treatment method to transform turbid phlegm and open the orifices. It is indicated for phlegm- induced shock or phlegm misting the heart mind."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2515",
              "display": "祛痰化濕開竅",
              "definition": "A treatment method to eliminate phlegm, transform dampness and open the orifices. It is indicated for phlegm dampness disturbing the heart mind."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2516",
              "display": "搜風祛痰開竅",
              "definition": "A treatment method to remove wind, eliminate phlegm and open the orifices. It is indicated for wind phlegm disturbing the heart mind."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2517",
              "display": "祛熱開竅",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear summer heat, circulate qi and open the orifices. It is indicated for summer heat blocking the flow of qi."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2518",
              "display": "消石開閉",
              "definition": "A treatment method to resolve stones and circulate qi. It is indicated for stones blocking the flow of qi."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2519",
              "display": "解毒開閉",
              "definition": "A treatment method to use medicines or formulas that remove toxins. It is indicated for epidemic toxins blocking the heart mind."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2520",
              "display": "解毒開肺",
              "definition": "A treatment method to remove toxins and disperse lung qi. It is indicated for toxic heat blocking the lung or measles virus blocking the lung."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2521",
              "display": "驅蟲法",
              "definition": "Treatment methods to kill or repel intestinal parasites"
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2522",
              "display": "驅蛔殺蟲",
              "definition": "A treatment method to repel and kill roundworms. It is indicated for conditions due to intestinal worms."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2523",
              "display": "健脾驅蟲；補脾驅蟲",
              "definition": "A treatment method to combine medicines to reinforce the spleen and repel parasitic worms. It is indicated for spleen deficiency coupled with retention of parasitic worms."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2524",
              "display": "殺蟲消疳；殺蟲消積",
              "definition": "A treatment method to kill parasitic worms and improve malnutrition. It is indicated for malnutrition due to retention of parasitic worms."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2525",
              "display": "祛風殺蟲",
              "definition": "A treatment method to remove wind and kill parasitic worms. It is indicated for conditions due to toxic worms or wind affecting the skin."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2526",
              "display": "殺蟲寧神",
              "definition": "A treatment method to kill worms, calm the mind, alleviate pain and stop seizures. It is indicated for pork tapeworm affecting the brain."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2527",
              "display": "安神法",
              "definition": "Treatment methods to calm/settle the mind and alleviate palpitations"
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2528",
              "display": "重鎮安神；潛鎮安神",
              "definition": "A treatment method to use heavy medicinal minerals to submerge yang and settle the mind. It is indicated for insomnia due to yang hyperactivity."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2529",
              "display": "安神定志；安神定悸；寧心定志；寧心定悸",
              "definition": "A treatment method to remove pathogenic factors and nourish the heart. It is indicated for severe palpitations, insomnia, poor memory and panic."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2530",
              "display": "養心安神；補心安神",
              "definition": "A treatment method to reinforce the heart and nourish blood. It is indicated for palpitations, insomnia, dream-disturbed sleep, poor memory and panic due to heart deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2531",
              "display": "養血安神",
              "definition": "A treatment method to tonify blood and nourish the heart. It is indicated for palpitations, insomnia, dream-disturbed sleep, poor memory and panic due to heart blood deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2532",
              "display": "益腎寧神",
              "definition": "A treatment method to tonify kidney essence. It is indicated for palpitations or insomnia due to fear disturbing the mind qi or disharmony between the heart and kidney."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2533",
              "display": "益氣安神；益氣定神",
              "definition": "A treatment method to tonify qi, nourish the heart and calm the mind. It is indicated for restlessness due to heart qi deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2534",
              "display": "滋陰安神；養陰安神",
              "definition": "A treatment method to nourish heart yin and calm the mind. It is indicated for restlessness due to heart yin deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2535",
              "display": "和中安神；和胃安神",
              "definition": "A treatment method to promote digestion, harmonize the stomach and calm the mind. It is indicated for insomnia due to stomach discomfort."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2536",
              "display": "解毒安神",
              "definition": "A treatment method to remove toxins, transform turbidity and calm the mind. It is indicated for toxic turbidity disturbing the mind."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2537",
              "display": "解鬱安神",
              "definition": "A treatment method to relieve stagnation, regulate qi and calm the mind. It is indicated for grief affecting the mind due to depression."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2538",
              "display": "安神止癢",
              "definition": "A treatment method to nourish blood and calm the mind. It is indicated for itching or restlessness due to yin blood failing to nourish the skin."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2539",
              "display": "鎮驚安神；鎮心安神",
              "definition": "A treatment method to calm the mind with heavy medicinal minerals. It is indicated for fear/fright disturbing the mind."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2540",
              "display": "消導法",
              "definition": "Treatment methods to promote digestion to eliminate stagnation, disperse masses and soften hardness"
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2541",
              "display": "消食導滯；消食化滯",
              "definition": "A treatment method to promote digestion and resolve stagnation. It is indicated for food retention in the stomach and intestines."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2542",
              "display": "清熱導滯；泄熱導滯",
              "definition": "A treatment method to combine medicines to promote digestion, resolve stagnation and clear heat. It is indicated for stomach heat due to food retention or food retention in the stomach and intestines."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2543",
              "display": "消痞化積",
              "definition": "A treatment method to promote digestion and transform stagnation. It is indicated for masses or distension due to food retention and qi stagnation."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2544",
              "display": "軟堅散結；軟堅消結；軟堅消癭；軟堅消癥；軟堅消腫",
              "definition": "A treatment method to circulate qi, move blood, soften hardness and dissipate masses. It is indicated for goitre or masses due to qi stagnation and blood stasis."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2545",
              "display": "消石導滯",
              "definition": "A treatment method to resolve stones, circulate qi and promote bowel movements. It is indicated for stones obstructing the flow of qi."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2546",
              "display": "固澀法",
              "definition": "Treatment methods to secure qi, blood, fluids and essence from consumption"
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2547",
              "display": "固表止汗；固表斂汗；斂汗固表",
              "definition": "A treatment method to secure the exterior to stop sweating. It is indicated for spontaneous sweating due to insecure Wei-defensive qi."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2548",
              "display": "斂肺止咳",
              "definition": "A treatment method to tonify and astringe lung qi to stop coughing. It is indicated for cough due to lung qi deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2549",
              "display": "斂肺平喘",
              "definition": "A treatment method to tonify and astringe lung qi to alleviate panting. It is indicated for fast breathing due to lung qi deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2550",
              "display": "澀腸止瀉；固腸止瀉",
              "definition": "A treatment method to astringe the intestine to stop diarrhoea. It is indicated for chronic diarrhoea."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2551",
              "display": "澀精止遺",
              "definition": "A treatment method to astringe and secure the kidney essence to stop seminal emissions. It is indicated for nocturnal emissions or spermatorrhoea."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2552",
              "display": "固經止血",
              "definition": "A treatment method to astringe menses to stop bleeding. It is indicated for heavy menstruation."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2553",
              "display": "固攝止血；攝血止血",
              "definition": "A treatment method to astringe and secure blood to stop bleeding. It is indicated for bleeding due to qi failing to keep blood within the vessels."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2554",
              "display": "固沖止帶；固腎止帶；固澀止帶",
              "definition": "A treatment method to tonify the kidney and secure Chong and Ren meridians to stop vaginal discharges. It is indicated for vaginal discharges due to kidney deficiency and insecurity of the Chong and Ren meridians."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2555",
              "display": "固腎安胎",
              "definition": "A treatment method to tonify kidney qi to secure the fetus. It is indicated for threatened abortion due to kidney deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2556",
              "display": "止血安胎",
              "definition": "A treatment method to stop bleeding and secure the fetus."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2557",
              "display": "固澀斂乳；固澀攝乳；補氣斂乳；固澀攝乳；補氣攝乳",
              "definition": "A treatment method to tonify qi and astringe breast milk. It is indicated for spontaneous flow of breast milk due to qi deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2558",
              "display": "固攝斂淚；收斂止淚",
              "definition": "A treatment method to tonify qi and stop lacrimation. It is indicated for spontaneous flow of tears due to qi deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2559",
              "display": "固脬止遺；固脬止尿；固脬止淋；補氣固脬",
              "definition": "A treatment method to tonify kidney qi to secure the urinary bladder. It is indicated for enuresis or urinary incontinence due to kidney qi insecurity."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2560",
              "display": "補氣固攝；益氣固攝",
              "definition": "A treatment method to tonify qi to facilitate its securing function. It is indicated for conditions due to qi failing to secure blood, fluids or essence, etc."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2561",
              "display": "固護陰液；斂陰固脫",
              "definition": "A treatment method to astringe and nourish yin fluids. It is indicated for exhaustion of yin fluids."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2562",
              "display": "溫陽固脫；溫澀固脫",
              "definition": "A treatment method to warm yang, tonify qi and prevent collapse. It is indicated for yang qi failure."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2563",
              "display": "升提固澀；升清固澀",
              "definition": "A treatment method to combine medicines to supplement, lift and astringe qi. It is indicated for qi failing to secure blood, fluid or essence, etc."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2564",
              "display": "補腎固澀；固攝下元",
              "definition": "A treatment method to tonify kidney qi and facilitate its securing function. It is indicated for kidney qi insecurity."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2565",
              "display": "治癰瘍法",
              "definition": "Treatment methods to resolve superficial or suppurative skin conditions"
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2566",
              "display": "解毒散癰",
              "definition": "A treatment method to remove toxins and resolve sores or ulcers."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2567",
              "display": "解毒消腫；化毒消腫；化毒散結；解毒散結",
              "definition": "A treatment method to remove toxins, resolve sores/ulcers and eliminate swelling."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2568",
              "display": "清熱排膿",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear heat, remove toxins and drain the pus of sores or ulcers."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2569",
              "display": "祛腐生肌；去腐生肌",
              "definition": "A treatment method to eliminate dead tissues, regenerate flesh and speed up wound healing."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2570",
              "display": "消癰散癤",
              "definition": "A treatment method to resolve swelling, remove toxins and eliminate boils."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2571",
              "display": "燥濕斂瘡",
              "definition": "A treatment method to dry dampness, regenerate flesh and speed up ulcerative wound healing."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2572",
              "display": "清解餘毒；清透伏邪",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear heat and remove hidden toxins."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2573",
              "display": "斂瘡止痛",
              "definition": "A treatment method to alleviate pain and speed up ulcerative wound healing."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2574",
              "display": "以毒攻毒",
              "definition": "A treatment method to remove toxins with poisonous medicines."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2575",
              "display": "提膿拔毒",
              "definition": "A treatment method to drain pus through therapies or formulas to draw out pus and toxin."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2576",
              "display": "提膿祛腐",
              "definition": "A treatment method to drain pus and eliminate dead tissues through therapies or formulas to draw pus and remove putridity."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2577",
              "display": "治五官法",
              "definition": "Treatment methods for problems of the eyes, noses lips, tongue and ears"
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2578",
              "display": "明目",
              "definition": "A treatment method to remove wind, clear heat, cool blood, transform stasis, nourish blood, supplement qi, nourish yin, strengthen the spleen and tonify the liver and kidney to remove pathogenic factors, reinforce anti-pathogenic qi and benefit the eyes. It is indicated for blurred vision."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2579",
              "display": "通耳；利耳",
              "definition": "A treatment method to remove pathogenic factors, reinforce anti-pathogenic qi and benefit the ears."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2580",
              "display": "通鼻",
              "definition": "A treatment method to remove pathogenic factors, reinforce anti-pathogenic qi and benefit the nose."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2581",
              "display": "利咽",
              "definition": "A treatment method to remove pathogenic factors, reinforce anti-pathogenic qi and benefit the throat."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2582",
              "display": "開音",
              "definition": "A treatment method to remove pathogenic factors, reinforce anti-pathogenic qi and restore the voice. It is indicated for hoarseness."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2583",
              "display": "固齒",
              "definition": "A treatment method to remove pathogenic factors, reinforce anti-pathogenic qi, secure the teeth and moisten the gums."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2584",
              "display": "其他治法"
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2585",
              "display": "壯水制陽；滋陰抑陽",
              "definition": "A treatment method to nourish yin fluids to contain hyperactivity of yang qi. It is indicated for hyperactivity of yang due to yin deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2586",
              "display": "益火消陰；壯陽消陰",
              "definition": "A treatment method to warm and reinforce yang qi to dissipate yin cold. It is indicated for yin cold due to yang deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2587",
              "display": "引火歸原；導龍入海",
              "definition": "A treatment method to reinforce kidney yang and combine medicines that enter meridians to astringe floating yang qi, i.e. to guide kidney yang into kidney yin. It is indicated for decline of vital fire or floating of deficiency yang."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2588",
              "display": "和營生新",
              "definition": "A treatment method to harmonize between the Ying nutrients and blood, circulate blood, regenerate new blood and flesh, and speed up wound healing. It is indicated for delayed wound healing due to blood stagnation."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2589",
              "display": "宣通三焦",
              "definition": "A treatment method to regulate qi, eliminate pathogenic factors and unblock the three jiao. It is indicated for pathogenic factors impairing the qi flow of the three jiao."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2590",
              "display": "交通心腎",
              "definition": "A treatment method to nourish kidney yin, astringe kidney yang, reduce heart fire and calm the heart mind to submerge yang and coordinate between the heart and kidney. It is indicated for conditions due to disharmony between the heart fire and kidney water."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2591",
              "display": "清利頭目",
              "definition": "A treatment method to clear heat, reduce fire, submerge yang and clear the head and eyes. It is indicated for headache, eye pain and dizziness due to upward flaming of fire heat or hyperactivity of yang qi."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2592",
              "display": "滑利竅道",
              "definition": "A treatment method to lubricate and unblock orifices. It is indicated for dry orifices due to insufficiency of yin fluids."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2593",
              "display": "寬胸利膈",
              "definition": "A treatment method to eliminate pathogenic factors, regulate qi, lift yang, and down-regulate turbidity to soothe the chest and diaphragm. It is indicated for chest stuffiness, distension, fullness and tightness."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2594",
              "display": "續筋接骨",
              "definition": "A treatment method to use tuina or other therapies to repair the broken sinews or bones. It is indicated for sinew or bone injuries."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2595",
              "display": "強筋壯骨",
              "definition": "A treatment method to strengthen the sinews or bones through exercise or taking medicine. It is indicated for weak sinews/bones due to heredity, trauma or chronic diseases."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2596",
              "display": "散結；軟堅",
              "definition": "A treatment method to eliminate phlegm, regulate qi, break stasis and unblock collaterals to soften hardness, disperses nodules and resolve masses. It is indicated for masses, lumps or swelling."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2597",
              "display": "佐金平木",
              "definition": "A treatment method to disperse the lung (metal) and inhibit the liver (wood). It is indicated for migratory pain in the subcostal region, cough or panting due to hyperactivity of liver yang and failure of lung qi to disperse and descend."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2598",
              "display": "益火生土",
              "definition": "A treatment method to warm and reinforce the vital fire to supplement the transportation and transformation of the spleen (earth). It is indicated for early morning diarrhoea due to decline of the vital fire and spleen yang deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2599",
              "display": "金水相生",
              "definition": "A treatment method to tonify the kidney and nourish the lung for lung deficiency and kidney deficiency, since the lung (metal) and kidney (water) mutually support physiologically and mutually affect pathologically."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2600",
              "display": "培土制水",
              "definition": "A treatment method to tonify the spleen (earth) to restrain overflow of water dampness. It is indicated for oedema or diarrhoea due to spleen deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2601",
              "display": "瀉南補北",
              "definition": "A treatment method to reduce heart fire and reinforce kidney water. The south here refers to heart fire, whereas the north refers to kidney water."
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#2602",
          "display": "3.3 藥物治療類",
          "concept": [
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2603",
              "display": "中藥類",
              "definition": "Knowledge about the concept of Chinese medicines, the basic theories as well as the origin, production, processing, property, actions and indications of medicines"
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2604",
              "display": "中藥",
              "definition": "Medicines to prevent, treat and diagnose diseases under the guidance of Chinese medical theories."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2605",
              "display": "中藥學",
              "definition": "The study of basic theories, origin, production, processing, property, actions, indications and application of Chinese medicines."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2606",
              "display": "本草",
              "definition": "An ancient term for Chinese medicine, mainly referring to medicinal plants."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2607",
              "display": "草藥",
              "definition": "Regional herbal medicines that may not be recorded in major books on materia medica; however, they are an integral part of Chinese medicine."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2608",
              "display": "中藥材",
              "definition": "Raw materials include medicinal plants, animals and minerals that can be prepared into pieces, extracts or Chinese patent medicine."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2609",
              "display": "道地藥材",
              "definition": "High-quality Chinese medicines produced in specific geographical areas."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2610",
              "display": "飲片",
              "definition": "Prepared herbal pieces that can be used directly in clinical use or preparation production."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2611",
              "display": "配方顆粒",
              "definition": "A new dosage form with standardized specification, dosage and quality manufactured through extracting, separating, condensing, drying, granulating or packaging."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2612",
              "display": "炮製",
              "definition": "A sequence of medicinal processing techniques to make materia medica into prepared pieces or different dosage forms. These techniques are adopted according to theories of Chinese medicine and medicinal properties."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2613",
              "display": "修治；修制",
              "definition": "The preliminary processing method of Chinese medicines, including purification, crushing and cutting."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2614",
              "display": "純淨處理",
              "definition": "A method to remove dust, impurities and clean medicines by picking, selecting, sieving, scraping and brushing."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2615",
              "display": "粉碎處理",
              "definition": "A method to grind medicines by pounding, grinding, filing and crushing."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2616",
              "display": "切制處理",
              "definition": "A method to cut medicines into pieces, blocks, threads or segments for preparation, drying, storage and weighing."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2617",
              "display": "水制",
              "definition": "A processing method to use water or other liquid auxiliary materials, including washing, bleaching, soaking, refining with water, etc."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2618",
              "display": "潤；悶；伏",
              "definition": "A method to moisten and soften medicines with water or other liquids before cutting, including water spraying, washing, soaking, infiltrating, drying, etc."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2619",
              "display": "水飛",
              "definition": "A method to obtain extremely fine medicinal powder in water."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2620",
              "display": "漂",
              "definition": "A method to soak medicines in static or running water for a period of time and exchange water regularly to remove the fishy smell, salt or toxic ingredients."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2621",
              "display": "火制",
              "definition": "A processing method to use heat or fire, including frying, roasting, calcining, etc."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2622",
              "display": "炒",
              "definition": "A method to stir fry medicines in a pot to a certain temperature degree, including plain frying or frying with adjuvants."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2623",
              "display": "清炒",
              "definition": "A method to fry without adjuvants. According to the temperature, plain stir-frying is divided into fried yellow, scorch fry and charcoaled fry."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2624",
              "display": "輔料",
              "definition": "These include liquid materials such as alcohol, vinegar or honey and non-liquid materials such as starch, sugar or salt. The stir-fry method involves medicines and solid materials. These include stir- frying with bran, rice, soil, sand, talcum powder or clamshell powder."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2625",
              "display": "炙",
              "definition": "A method to use liquid adjuvants to stir-fry medicines to change the medicinal property, reinforce the efficacy and reduce side-effects. The excipients include wine, vinegar, salt, ginger, honey or oil."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2626",
              "display": "煆",
              "definition": "A method to calcine medicines directly or indirectly with a strong fire to fully extract the active ingredients and achieve maximal efficacy."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2627",
              "display": "煨",
              "definition": "A method to wrap medicines with water-mixed flour or wet paper, placed in the heat of the ash, or heated with oil-absorbent paper separated from the drug barrier so that the medicine is turned from raw to cooked."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2628",
              "display": "水火共制",
              "definition": "A processing method to wrap medicines with wet tissue and place into fire or isolate with oil- absorbing sheets."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2629",
              "display": "煮",
              "definition": "A method to heat medicines with water or liquid excipients."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2630",
              "display": "蒸",
              "definition": "A method to steam or heat with water."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2631",
              "display": "燀",
              "definition": "A method to blanch in boiling water and take out immediately for drying process."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2632",
              "display": "淬",
              "definition": "A method to calcine medicines and place into cold water or liquid excipient quickly for easy crushing and absorption."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2633",
              "display": "中藥變質",
              "definition": "Physical or chemical changes in Chinese medicines due to inappropriate care in transportation or storage. These changes include mildew, worm-eaten, discolouration, flavour reversion, oiliness or air-slake and can directly affect the medicinal quality, efficacy and safety."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2634",
              "display": "中藥不良反應",
              "definition": "These include side-effects or toxic reactions. Following the standard dosage, side-effects of Chinese medicines are often mild and can resolve spontaneously without treatment. Toxic reactions are often caused by overdose or prolonged use of poisonous materia medica, and can do substantial damage to the organs and functions."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2635",
              "display": "藥物偏性",
              "definition": "Peculiar features and actions of medicines."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2636",
              "display": "中藥性能",
              "definition": "The core part of essential theories on Chinese medicines. These include four properties, five flavours, ascending/floating, descending/sinking, meridian tropism and toxicity."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2637",
              "display": "中藥性狀",
              "definition": "Physical or chemical characteristics of Chinese medicines, including their shape, colour, odour, taste and properties."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2638",
              "display": "四氣五味",
              "definition": "The basic properties and flavours of Chinese medicines."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2639",
              "display": "四氣；四性",
              "definition": "The four basic properties of medicines—cold, hot, warmth, and coolness."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2640",
              "display": "溫熱藥",
              "definition": "Medicines to remove or alleviate cold-induced disorders."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2641",
              "display": "寒涼藥",
              "definition": "Medicines to remove or alleviate heat-induced disorders."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2642",
              "display": "平性藥",
              "definition": "Medicines with no obvious property of cold or heat."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2643",
              "display": "辛味",
              "definition": "Medicines with a pungent flavour act to disperse/ circulate qi and move blood. They are indicated for exterior pattern, qi stagnation and blood stasis."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2644",
              "display": "苦味",
              "definition": "Medicines with a bitter flavour act to unblock, purge the intestine, dry dampness, clear fire and benefit yin. They are indicated for fire heat, dampness, adverse flow of qi and fire hyperactivity due to yin deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2645",
              "display": "甘味",
              "definition": "Medicines with a sweet flavour act to tonify, harmonize the middle jiao and relieve spasm. They are indicated for deficiency pattern, disharmony between the spleen and stomach, spasm, pain, etc."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2646",
              "display": "酸味",
              "definition": "Medicines with a sour flavour act to astringe and secure. They are indicated for sweating (due to deficiency), diarrhoea, frequent urination, enuresis, bleeding, etc. Some sour-flavoured medicines can generate fluids, calm worms and stop pain."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2647",
              "display": "澀味",
              "definition": "Medicines with an astringent flavour act to astringe and secure. They are indicated for sweating (due to deficiency), diarrhoea, frequent urination, enuresis, bleeding, etc."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2648",
              "display": "鹹味",
              "definition": "Medicines with a salty flavour act to purge the intestine, promote bowel movements and soften masses. They are indicated for constipation, goitre, scrofula, phlegm nodules and masses."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2649",
              "display": "淡味",
              "definition": "Medicines with a bland flavour act to drain dampness and promote urination. They are indicated for oedema, dysuria and leg swelling."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2650",
              "display": "辛甘化陽",
              "definition": "The combination of a pungent and sweet flavour engenders a dispersing, outward and yang- assisting function. This includes a single medicine with both flavours or combined pungent and sweet medicines."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2651",
              "display": "酸甘化陰",
              "definition": "The combination of a sour and sweet flavour engenders a fluid-generating, inward and astringing function. This includes a single medicinal with both flavours or combined sour and sweet medicines."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2652",
              "display": "辛開苦降",
              "definition": "The combination of a pungent and bitter flavour allows for dispersal of obstruction and the descent of qi. This includes a single medicine with both flavours or combined pungent and bitter medicines."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2653",
              "display": "升降浮沉",
              "definition": "The four cardinal directionalities of medicines: ascending, descending, sinking and floating. These four directions are associated with the weight, property, preparation and combination of medicines."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2654",
              "display": "升浮藥",
              "definition": "Medicines to lift yang, release the exterior, induce vomiting, open the orifices, etc. They tend to go upward and outward."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2655",
              "display": "沉降藥",
              "definition": "Medicines to purge the intestine, resolve water retention, submerge yang and astringe. They tend to go inward and downward."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2656",
              "display": "歸經",
              "definition": "The ability of medicines to access a channel/ meridian. Meridian affinity is based on the theories on zang–fu organs and meridians."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2657",
              "display": "引經報使",
              "definition": "A property that medicines have special role for certain zang–fu organs or meridians and can guide other medicines to reach the affected meridians and body parts."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2658",
              "display": "引經藥",
              "definition": "Medicines with the ability to guide other ingredients of a formula to access a particular channel/meridian."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2659",
              "display": "配伍",
              "definition": "The combination, according to Chinese medicine theory, of two or more medicines to achieve a pre- determined clinical outcome."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2660",
              "display": "七情和合",
              "definition": "Compatibility methods of Chinese medicines, including the using of a single medicine, mutual reinforcement, mutual assistance, mutual restraint, mutual suppression, mutual inhibition and mutual opposition."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2661",
              "display": "單行",
              "definition": "Use a single medicine alone to treat a disorder."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2662",
              "display": "相須",
              "definition": "Use two medicines sharing similar properties in combination to reinforce each other’s action."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2663",
              "display": "相使",
              "definition": "Use two or more medicines sharing common efficacies in combination, one being the principal medicine while the others play a subsidiary role to reinforce the action of the principal one."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2664",
              "display": "相畏",
              "definition": "When two medicines are used in combination, the toxic or side-effects of one medicine can be reduced or eliminated by the other."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2665",
              "display": "相殺",
              "definition": "When two medicines are used in combination, one medicine can reduce or eliminate the toxic or side- effects of the other."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2666",
              "display": "相惡",
              "definition": "When two medicines are used in combination, the positive effects of one medicine can be reduced or eliminated by the other."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2667",
              "display": "相反",
              "definition": "When two medicines are used in combination, their toxic or side-effects can be produced or enhanced."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2668",
              "display": "配伍禁忌",
              "definition": "Combination of some medicines can reduce the curative effect, produce or enhance toxic or side- effects and/or affect the safety of medicines. These combinations should be avoided. Specifically, there are eighteen antagonisms and nineteen incompatibilities."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2669",
              "display": "十八反",
              "definition": "One of the contraindicated combinations of Chinese medicines. These include: Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) is antagonistic to Da Ji (Radix Euphorbiae Pekinensis), Yuan Hua (Flos Genkwa), Gan Sui (Radix Euphorbiae Kansui) and Hai Zao (Sargassum); Wu Tou (Radix Aconiti) is antagonistic to Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae), Gua Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis), Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae), Bai Lian (Radix Ampelopsis) and Bai Ji (Rhizoma Bletillae); and Li Lu (Radix Veratri Nigri) is antagonistic to Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng), Sha Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae), Dan Shen (Radix Adenophorae), Ku Shen (Radix Sophorae Flavescentis), Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae), Xi Xin (Herba Asari) and Shao Yao (Radix Paeoniae)."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2670",
              "display": "十九畏",
              "definition": "One of the contraindicated combinations of Chinese medicines. These include: Liu Huang (sulfur) is incompatible with Pu Xiao (crude sodium sulfate), Shui Yin (mercury) with Pi Shuang (arsenic trioxide),Lang Du (Radix Euphorbiae Ebracteolatae) Mi Tuo Seng (litharge), Ba Dou (Semen Crotonis) with Qian Niu (Semen Pharbitidis), Ding Xiang (Flos Caryophylli) with Yu Jin (Radix Curcumae), Ya Xiao (crystalline sodium sulfate) with San Leng (Rhizoma Sparganii), Chuan Wu (Radix Aconiti) and Cao Wu (Radix Aconiti Kuznezoffi) with Xi Jiao (Cornu Rhinoceri), Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng) with Wu Ling Zhi (with Faeces Trogopterorum), and Guan Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi) with Shi Zhi (Halloysitum Rubrum)."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2671",
              "display": "證候用藥禁忌；病證用藥禁忌",
              "definition": "Medicines that may aggravate medical conditions should be avoided."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2672",
              "display": "妊娠用藥禁忌",
              "definition": "Medicines that are absolutely contraindicated to use or used with caution during pregnancy. Absolutely contraindicated medicines are toxic, harsh or abortive. Medicines to circulate blood, move qi, and drain downward, and warm, pungent medicines to warm the interior should be used with caution."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2673",
              "display": "服藥食忌",
              "definition": "Food that should be avoided while taking medication."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2674",
              "display": "湯液",
              "definition": "A liquid made by decocting prepared pieces of Chinese medicines in water."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2675",
              "display": "煎藥法",
              "definition": "The decoction of Chinese medicine involves the pot, water, heat control, and decocting method."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2676",
              "display": "煎藥火候",
              "definition": "This includes the heat intensity and decocting duration. It includes quick (strong) fire and slow (mild) fire. Generally, a quick fire is used to boil and then reduced to mild fire (a simmering heat) to maintain the temperature."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2677",
              "display": "文火；慢火；微火",
              "definition": "A mild and slow fire to maintain the temperature in decocting Chinese medicine after boiling."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2678",
              "display": "武火；急火；緊火",
              "definition": "A strong and quick fire in decocting Chinese medicine."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2679",
              "display": "先煎",
              "definition": "A method for insoluble minerals, rocks or shells that require a long time to decoct. These ingredients need to be ground and decocted 30–60 minutes first before placing into the rest of the decoction. Toxic medicines need to decoct first for 60–120 minutes before placing into the rest of the decoction to reduce their toxicity."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2680",
              "display": "另煎；另燉",
              "definition": "A method to decoct some medicines separately (2–3 hours), usually precious medicines, to ensure that the ingredients remain active."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2681",
              "display": "沖服",
              "definition": "A method to pour the medicine directly into water or other boiling liquid. Valuable medicines need to be ground into fine powder first."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2682",
              "display": "泡服；焗服",
              "definition": "A method to soak medicines in hot water or decoctions for half an hour and then take the medication after removing the dregs."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2683",
              "display": "煎湯代水",
              "definition": "A method to decoct some ingredients separately and then use the decoction instead of water to decoct the rest of the ingredients. This method has two purposes: 1) to prevent the separately decocted ingredients causing the decoction to appear cloudy or muddy; 2) applies to ingredients that are light in weight, big in dosage and volume, and strong in water absorption."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2684",
              "display": "解表藥",
              "definition": "Medicines to release the exterior. They are indicated for exterior pattern. Based on the property and actions, these medicines are further categorized into two types: medicines to remove wind and dissipate cold and medicines to remove wind and clear heat."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2685",
              "display": "辛溫解表藥；發散風寒藥",
              "definition": "Medicines that are pungent in flavour and warm in property. They mainly act to remove wind and dissipate cold and are indicated for wind cold exterior pattern. Some medicines can also remove wind, alleviate itching, relieve pain, stop coughing, promote urination to resolve oedema, and heal sores/ulcers. These medicines can be used for wind cold-induced itchy rashes, cough, oedema, sores/ulcers, and bi-impediment due to wind and dampness."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2686",
              "display": "辛涼解表藥；發散風熱藥",
              "definition": "Medicines that are pungent in flavour and cool in property. They mainly act to remove wind and clear heat and are indicated for wind heat exterior pattern. Some medicines can also clear the head/ eyes, benefit the throat, promote skin eruption and stop coughing. These medicines can be used for wind heat-induced red, swollen and painful eyes, red, swollen throat, inhibited skin eruption, and cough due to wind heat."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2687",
              "display": "清熱藥",
              "definition": "Medicines to clear interior heat. They are indicated for interior heat pattern. Based on the property and actions, these medicines are further categorized into five types: medicines to clear heat/fire, medicines to clear heat and dry dampness, medicines to clear heat and cool blood, and medicines to clear deficiency heat."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2688",
              "display": "清熱瀉火藥",
              "definition": "Medicines that are bitter or sweet in flavour and cold in nature. They are mainly indicated for excess heat in the qi phase and fire heat in the zang–fu organs, including lung heat, stomach fire, heart fire or liver fire."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2689",
              "display": "清熱燥濕藥",
              "definition": "Medicines that are bitter in flavour and cold in property. They mainly act to clear heat and dry dampness and are indicated for damp heat pattern."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2690",
              "display": "清熱涼血藥",
              "definition": "Medicines that are sweet, bitter or salty in flavour and cold in property. They are mainly indicated for excess heat in the Ying nutrients and blood phases. Some medicines can also nourish yin and engender fluids. These medicines can be used for yin deficiency causing damage to fluids."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2691",
              "display": "清熱解毒藥",
              "definition": "Medicines that are bitter in flavour and cold in property. They mainly act to clear heat and remove toxins and are therefore indicated for conditions due to toxic heat. Some medicines can also be used for snake bite or cancer."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2692",
              "display": "清虛熱藥",
              "definition": "Medicine that are cold/cool in property. They mainly act to clear deficiency heat and alleviate bone-steaming sensation. They are indicated for internal heat due to yin deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2693",
              "display": "瀉下藥",
              "definition": "Medicines to produce bowel movements. They are indicated for constipation or difficulty passing of stools. Based on the property and actions, these medicines are further categorized into three types: draining purgative medicines, moistening purgative medicines and drastic purgative medicines."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2694",
              "display": "攻下藥",
              "definition": "Medicines that are bitter in flavour and cold in property. They have strong effect in promoting bowel movements and clearing fire/heat. These medicines are indicated for constipation due to excess heat and retention of dry faeces."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2695",
              "display": "潤下藥",
              "definition": "Medicines that are sweet in flavour and oily in quality. They mainly act to moisten the intestine, soften faeces and promote bowel movements. They are indicated for constipation due to exhaustion of fluids, yin deficiency or blood deficiency resulting from ageing, a weak constitution, chronic disease and childbirth."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2696",
              "display": "峻下逐水藥",
              "definition": "Medicines that are bitter in flavour and cold in property. These medicines often have a drastic effect and can cause severe diarrhoea and relieve retained water. They are indicated for oedema, pleural effusion, ascites, or panting due to phlegm- fluid retention."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2697",
              "display": "祛風濕藥",
              "definition": "Medicines to eliminate wind, resolve dampness and alleviate pain. They are indicated for bi-impediment patterns. Based on the bi-impediment category and medicinal property, these medicines are further categorized into three types: medicines to remove wind and resolve dampness; medicines to remove wind, clear heat and resolve dampness; and medicines to remove wind, resolve dampness and strengthen tendons and bones."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2698",
              "display": "化濕藥；芳香化濕藥",
              "definition": "Medicines that are aromatic in smell and dry in property. They mainly act to transform dampness and benefit the spleen. These medicines are indicated for dampness affecting the spleen and stomach."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2699",
              "display": "利水滲濕藥",
              "definition": "Medicines to unblock the water passage and drain water dampness. They are indicated for internal retention of water dampness."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2700",
              "display": "溫裡藥；祛寒藥",
              "definition": "Medicines to warm the interior and dissipate cold. They are indicated for interior cold pattern."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2701",
              "display": "理氣藥",
              "definition": "Medicines to regulate qi activity. They are indicated for qi stagnation and adverse flow of qi."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2702",
              "display": "消食藥",
              "definition": "Medicines to promote digestion and transform food stagnation. They are indicated for disorders due to food stagnation."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2703",
              "display": "驅蟲藥",
              "definition": "Medicines to expel or kill parasites. They are indicated for intestinal parasites."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2704",
              "display": "止血藥",
              "definition": "Medicines to stop bleeding. They are indicated for internal or external bleeding. Based on the property and functions, these medicines are further categorized into four types: medicines to cool blood and stop bleeding, medicines to transform stasis and stop bleeding, medicines to astringe and stop bleeding and medicines to warm meridians and stop bleeding."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2705",
              "display": "涼血止血藥",
              "definition": "Medicines that are sweet and bitter in flavour and cold and cool in property. They mainly act to clear pathogenic heat in the blood phase. These medicines are indicated for bleeding due to heat- induced reckless blood flow."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2706",
              "display": "化瘀止血藥；活血止血藥",
              "definition": "Medicines to stop bleeding and circulate blood to transform stasis. They act to stop bleeding but do not cause stasis; and circulate blood but do not cause bleeding. These medicines are indicated for haemorrhagic conditions due to stagnant blood or blood failing to circulate within the vessels."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2707",
              "display": "收斂止血藥",
              "definition": "Medicines that are astringent and neutral in property. They mainly act to astringe and stop bleeding. These medicines are widely used for all kinds of bleeding."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2708",
              "display": "溫經止血藥",
              "definition": "Medicines that are warm/heat in property. They mainly act to warm the interior, dissipate cold, warm meridians and stop bleeding. These medicines are indicated for bleeding due to deficiency cold."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2709",
              "display": "活血祛瘀藥",
              "definition": "Medicines to circulate blood and resolve stasis. They are indicated for blood stasis. Based on the functions and clinical application, these medicines are further categorized into four types: medicines to circulate blood and stop pain; medicines to circulate blood and resolve stasis; medicines to circulate blood and heal the wound; and medicines to break blood and resolve masses."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2710",
              "display": "化痰藥",
              "definition": "Medicines to transform or eliminate phlegm. Based on the property and functions, they are further categorized into two types: medicines to warm and transform cold phlegm; and medicines to clear heat and transform heat phlegm."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2711",
              "display": "溫化寒痰藥",
              "definition": "Medicines that are pungent and bitter in flavour and warm and dry in property. They mainly act to warm the lung, eliminate cold, dry dampness and transform phlegm. These medicines are indicated for disorders due to cold phlegm or damp phlegm."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2712",
              "display": "清化熱痰藥",
              "definition": "Medicines that are cold or cool in property. They mainly act to clear heat and transform phlegm. These medicines are indicated for disorders due to heat phlegm or dry phlegm."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2713",
              "display": "止咳平喘藥",
              "definition": "Medicines to stop coughing and alleviate panting. These medicines enter the lung meridian and are indicated for coughing and panting."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2714",
              "display": "安神藥",
              "definition": "Medicines to calm the mind. Based on the property and efficacy, these medicines are further categorized into two types: heavyweight medicines to tranquilize the mind; and medicines to nourish the heart mind."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2715",
              "display": "重鎮安神藥",
              "definition": "Medicines (mostly minerals, fossil bones or shells) heavy in weight and downbearing in property. These medicines are indicated for excess mental uneasiness including palpitations, insomnia, convulsions, epilepsy or mania."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2716",
              "display": "養心安神藥",
              "definition": "Medicines that are sweet in flavour, moist in quality and tonic or neutral in property. They mainly act to nourish the heart and tranquilize the mind. These medicines are indicated for mild or severe palpitations due to malnourishment of heart mind, and insomnia, poor memory and dream-disturbed sleep due to heart yin or heart blood deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2717",
              "display": "平肝息風藥",
              "definition": "Medicines to soothe the liver and remove wind. They are indicated for hyperactivity of liver yang and internal stirring of liver wind. Based on their functions and indications, these medicines can be further categorized into two subtypes: medicines to soothe liver yang; and medicines to stop liver wind."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2718",
              "display": "平降肝陽藥",
              "definition": "Medicines that are heavy in weight and cold in property. They mainly act to suppress or submerge yang. They are indicated for dizziness, headache or tinnitus due to hyperactivity of liver yang, and a red face and eyes, restlessness, and bitter mouth due to ascending of liver fire."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2719",
              "display": "息風止痙藥",
              "definition": "Medicines that are cold, cool or neutral in property. They mainly act to soothe the liver, stop wind and resolve spasm/convulsions. They are indicated for dizziness, blurred vision, neck rigidity, tremor of limbs, spasms, epilepsy, convulsions, tetanus or opisthotonus due to internal stirring of liver wind."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2720",
              "display": "開竅藥",
              "definition": "Medicines that are aromatic and pungent to open the orifices and refresh the mind. They are indicated for mental unconsciousness in block pattern."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2721",
              "display": "補虛藥",
              "definition": "Medicines to reinforce the body and prevent against diseases. They are indicated for deficiency pattern. Based on the property, functions and indications, these medicines are categorized into medicines to tonify qi, medicines to tonify yang, medicines to tonify blood and medicines to nourish yin."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2722",
              "display": "補氣藥",
              "definition": "Medicines that are sweet in flavour and warm or neutral in property. They mainly act to tonify qi and are indicated for qi deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2723",
              "display": "補血藥",
              "definition": "Medicines that are sweet in flavour and warm in property. They mainly act to tonify blood and are indicated for blood deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2724",
              "display": "補陽藥",
              "definition": "Medicines that are sweet and pungent in flavour and warm in property. They mainly act to tonify yang qi and are indicated for yang deficiency."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2725",
              "display": "補陰藥",
              "definition": "Medicines that are sweet in flavour and cold in property. They mainly act to nourish yin fluids and are indicated for yin deficiency (insufficiency of fluids)."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2726",
              "display": "收澀藥；固澀藥",
              "definition": "Medicines to astringe and secure qi, blood, essence and body fluids. They are indicated for spontaneous sweating, night sweats, nocturnal emissions, enuresis, persistent leucorrhoea, uterine bleeding, chronic diarrhoea and chronic dysentery. Based on the property, efficacy and indications, astringent medicines are further divided into medicines to secure the exterior and stop sweating, medicines to astringe the lung and intestine and medicines to secure semen, astringe the urine and stop leucorrhoea."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2727",
              "display": "固表止汗藥",
              "definition": "Medicines that are sweet in flavour and neutral in property. They mainly act to secure the exterior and stop sweating and are indicated for spontaneous sweating or night sweats."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2728",
              "display": "斂肺澀腸藥",
              "definition": "Medicines that are sour and puckering in flavour and have astringent properties. They mainly act to astringe the lung and intestine, alleviate coughing/panting, and stop diarrhoea. These medicines are indicated for chronic coughing/ panting and persistent diarrhoea/dysentery."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2729",
              "display": "固精縮尿止帶藥",
              "definition": "Medicines that are sour and puckering in flavour and astringent in property. They mainly act to secure semen, astringe urination and stop vaginal discharge. These medicines are mainly indicated for nocturnal emissions/spermatorrhoea, enuresis/profuse urine, or persistent vaginal discharge."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2730",
              "display": "湧吐藥；催吐法",
              "definition": "Medicines to produce nausea and vomiting. They are indicated for food poisoning, indigestion and phlegm stagnation in the stomach or above the chest."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2731",
              "display": "外用藥",
              "definition": "Medicines used for topical areas to remove toxins, resolve swelling, drain pus, regenerate tissue, heal wounds, kill insects and stop itching. They are indicated for sores, ulcers, carbuncles, scabies, traumatic injuries, snake bites or problems of the five sense organs. The method includes topical plaster, embrocating, fumigation, blow throat, nose and eye drops."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2732",
              "display": "方劑類"
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2733",
              "display": "時方",
              "definition": "Formulas by physicians after Zhang Zhongjing in the Han Dynasty (220 to 202 BC)."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2734",
              "display": "經方",
              "definition": "Formulas recorded in medical books before the Han dynasty, represented by Zhang Zhongjing."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2735",
              "display": "驗方",
              "definition": "Effective formulas that have been demonstrated or confirmed by long clinical practice."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2736",
              "display": "古方",
              "definition": "The formulas before the Qing Dynasty (1644–1911)."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2737",
              "display": "秘方",
              "definition": "Effective and secret formulas."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2738",
              "display": "湯頭；湯方；湯頭歌訣",
              "definition": "Oral herbal formulas to be decocted with water. Wang Ang, a Qing dynasty physician compiled a book named Tang Tou Ge Jue (Decoction in Rhymes) to make it easier for learners to memorize."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2739",
              "display": "七方",
              "definition": "Seven formula types include major formulas, minor formulas, slow-acting formulas, fast-acting formulas, odd-numbered formulas, even- numbered formulas and compound formulas."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2740",
              "display": "大方",
              "definition": "Formulas used for combined patterns upon contraction of excessive pathogenic factors. These include the following five aspects: ① drastic potency; ② many ingredients; ③ large doses; ④ take the large amount in one single dose; ⑤ indicated for major, severe disorders of the lower jiao."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2741",
              "display": "小方",
              "definition": "Formulas used for one pattern alone upon contraction of mild pathogenic factors. These include the following three aspects: ① mild medical conditions; ② indicated for disorders of the upper jiao and take in small amount in frequent intervals; ③ fewer ingredients"
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2742",
              "display": "緩方；緩劑",
              "definition": "Formulas indicated for chronic conditions with a weak constitution. These include the following six aspects: ① many mutually-counterbalanced ingredients; ② use non-toxic ingredients to alleviate symptoms but do not cause damage to the anti-pathogenic qi; ③ use slow-acting ingredients; ⑤ use pills to remove pathogenic factors gradually; ⑥ use demulcent medicines to boost the immune system to help recovery."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2743",
              "display": "急方",
              "definition": "Formulas indicated for emergency or critical conditions. These include the following four aspects: ① critical conditions that require immediate care; ② fast purging efficacy; ③ drastic potency; ④ directed at symptoms in acute conditions, such as Kai Guan San (Lockjaw- Relieving Powder) or Si Ni Tang (Frigid Extremities Decoction)."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2744",
              "display": "奇方",
              "definition": "Formulas with one single ingredient or odd- numbered ingredients."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2745",
              "display": "偶方",
              "definition": "Formulas with two or even-numbered ingredients."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2746",
              "display": "複方；重方",
              "definition": "Formulas consisting of two or more set formulas. They are often used for complex conditions."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2747",
              "display": "方劑學",
              "definition": "The study of the origin and evolution of formulas, treatment methods, composition principles, compatibility and clinical applications of Chinese herbal formulas."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2748",
              "display": "八法",
              "definition": "The eight methods are categorized according to functions of the formulas. They are sweating , vomiting, draining downward , harmonizing , warming , clearing, reducing and tonifying."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2749",
              "display": "汗法",
              "definition": "A method to induce perspiration, facilitate interaction between the Ying nutrients and Wei- defence, and disperse lung qi. It helps to expel six exogenous pathogenic factors through sweating and thus releases the exterior."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2750",
              "display": "吐法",
              "definition": "A method to induce vomiting to fast remove phlegm, indigested food and poisons from the throat, thoracic diaphragm or stomach."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2751",
              "display": "下法",
              "definition": "A method to induce bowel movements to cleanse or eliminate indigested food, dry faeces, cold accumulation, stagnant blood, phlegm, and water retention. It allows for the removal of pathogenic factors out of the body."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2752",
              "display": "和法",
              "definition": "A method to moderate different parts of the body to expel pathogenic factors and regulate functions of the zang–fu organs. It helps to achieve yin- yang or interior–exterior balance by releasing the Shaoyang pattern when the pathogen lies in between the interior and exterior of the body and by harmonizing zang–fu organs."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2753",
              "display": "溫法",
              "definition": "A method to warm the interior to eliminate pathogenic cold."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2754",
              "display": "消法",
              "definition": "A method to promote digestion, circulate qi, move blood, transform phlegm, drain water retention and kill parasites."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2755",
              "display": "清法",
              "definition": "A method to clear heat, reduce fire, remove toxins and cool blood to eliminate pathogenic heat in the interior."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2756",
              "display": "補法",
              "definition": "A method to reinforce qi, blood, yin and yang of the body. Indicated for deficiency of zang–fu organs, qi, blood, yin and yang."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2757",
              "display": "十劑",
              "definition": "A categorization method according to functions of the formula. The 10 types are dispersing formula, unblocking/unclogging formula, tonifying formula, purgative formula, formula consisting of light-weighted medicines, formula consisting of heavy-weighted medicines, lubricative formula, astringent formula, dry formula and moistening formula."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2758",
              "display": "宣劑",
              "definition": "Formulas that disperse congestion and relieve stagnation."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2759",
              "display": "通劑",
              "definition": "Formulas that move qi and circulate blood."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2760",
              "display": "補劑",
              "definition": "Formulas that nourish and tonify qi, blood, yin and yang of the five zang organs."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2761",
              "display": "泄劑；瀉劑",
              "definition": "Formulas that promote bowel movements and unclog the fu organs."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2762",
              "display": "輕劑",
              "definition": "Formulas that remove pathogenic factors out of the exterior."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2763",
              "display": "重劑",
              "definition": "Formulas that tranquilize and calm the mind."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2764",
              "display": "澀劑；固澀劑",
              "definition": "Formulas that prevent qi, blood, essence and body fluids from exhaustion and collapse."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2765",
              "display": "滑劑",
              "definition": "Formulas that diminish obstruction."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2766",
              "display": "燥劑",
              "definition": "Formulas that dry dampness."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2767",
              "display": "濕劑",
              "definition": "Formulas that moisten or nourish the body."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2768",
              "display": "君藥；主藥",
              "definition": "Ingredient(s) that provide a dominant curative action on the main pattern/disorder or primary symptoms."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2769",
              "display": "臣藥；輔藥",
              "definition": "① Ingredient(s) to help strengthen the action of the monarch medicines on main pattern or primary symptoms; ②ingredient(s) in a formula that provide a principal curative action for associated conditions or patterns."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2770",
              "display": "佐藥",
              "definition": "Ingredient(s) to help the monarch and minister medicines treat principal or associated patterns; to counterbalance the toxicity or drastic actions of the monarch or minister medicines; or has/ have the opposite flavour and property with the monarch medicines. They are further categorized into facilitating assistant medicines, counterbalancing assistant medicines and counteracting assistant medicines."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2771",
              "display": "佐助藥",
              "definition": "Ingredient(s) to help facilitate the action of the monarch and minister medicines on main or associated patterns."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2772",
              "display": "佐製藥",
              "definition": "Ingredient(s) to eliminate or moderate the toxicity and drastic actions of the monarch and minister medicines."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2773",
              "display": "反佐藥",
              "definition": "Ingredient(s) with a property opposite to and a therapeutic effect complementary to the monarch medicine(s)."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2774",
              "display": "使藥",
              "definition": "Ingredient(s) to coordinate the rest of the ingredients or direct action to the affected meridians or sites. They are further categorized into coordinating medicines and meridian- directing medicines."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2775",
              "display": "調和藥",
              "definition": "The guide ingredient(s) to coordinate the rest of the ingredients in a formula."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2776",
              "display": "劑型",
              "definition": "The form of a prepared medicine designed for medical treatment or prevention."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2777",
              "display": "湯劑；煎劑；湯液",
              "definition": "A liquid preparation form by boiling or soaking the ingredients in water, and taken after the sediment is removed."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2778",
              "display": "丸劑",
              "definition": "A solid globular mass made of finely powdered medicines with a suitable excipient or binder. It can be further categorized into honeyed pills, water pills, water-honeyed pills, paste pills, concentration pills, wax-wrapped pills, and mini pills."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2779",
              "display": "蜜丸",
              "definition": "Pills made from fine medicinal powder and uses honey as the excipient."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2780",
              "display": "水丸",
              "definition": "Pills made from fine medicinal powder and uses water (alternatively, alcohol, vinegar, honeyed water or medicinal juice) as excipient."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2781",
              "display": "糊丸",
              "definition": "Pills made from fine medicinal powder and uses rice paste, flour paste or medicated leaven paste as the excipient."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2782",
              "display": "濃縮丸",
              "definition": "Pills made from concentrated paste of medicinal decoction coupled with other medicinal powder through drying, grinding and mixing with water, honey or medicinal juice."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2783",
              "display": "蠟丸",
              "definition": "Pills made from fine medicinal powder and uses beeswax as the excipient."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2784",
              "display": "微丸",
              "definition": "Pills with a diameter of less than 2.5 mm."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2785",
              "display": "散劑",
              "definition": "A powder-like preparation made from a mixture of one or more herbs."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2786",
              "display": "膏劑",
              "definition": "A medicated paste is made from decocted medicines with water or vegetable oil. It can be further categorized into fluid extract, extractum, ointment and plaster."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2787",
              "display": "煎膏；膏滋；膏方",
              "definition": "A semi-liquid form made from condensed medicinal decoction and processed honey/sugar."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2788",
              "display": "流浸膏",
              "definition": "A semi-liquid medicated preparation containing the active constituents with appropriate solvents."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2789",
              "display": "浸膏",
              "definition": "A concentrated medicated preparation obtained by extracting the active constituents with appropriate solvents."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2790",
              "display": "軟膏；藥膏",
              "definition": "A viscous, semi-solid preparation for external application. It is made from fine medicinal powder and ointment bases."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2791",
              "display": "硬膏；膏藥；薄貼",
              "definition": "A solid medicated dressing for external application. Often consists of medicines, edible vegetable oil and red lead."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2792",
              "display": "顆粒劑；沖劑",
              "definition": "Granulated preparations made by herbal extracts and an excipient or fine medicinal powder."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2793",
              "display": "酒劑",
              "definition": "A liquid form of herbal extracts prepared with distilled liquour."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2794",
              "display": "茶劑",
              "definition": "Preparations made from the infusion or decoction of herbs or herbal extracts."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2795",
              "display": "錠劑",
              "definition": "A solid form (shaped like a spindle, cylinder or bar) of fine medicinal powder or coupled with adhesive agents."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2796",
              "display": "條劑",
              "definition": "An external dosage form of fine medicinal powder mixed with mulberry paper."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2797",
              "display": "線劑",
              "definition": "A dried external dosage form of soaked and decocted silk or cotton thread."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2798",
              "display": "灸劑",
              "definition": "External dosage form of moxa wool or moxa sticks to apply to certain body parts or acupuncture points."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2799",
              "display": "栓劑",
              "definition": "A solid dosage form made from fine medicinal powder and bases. It is inserted into the rectum/ vagina, where it dissolves or melts and exerts local or systemic effects."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2800",
              "display": "平旦服",
              "definition": "To take the medicine in the morning on an empty stomach."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2801",
              "display": "熱服",
              "definition": "A method to take the decoction when it is hot."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2802",
              "display": "溫服",
              "definition": "A method to take the decoction when it is neither cold nor hot."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2803",
              "display": "冷服",
              "definition": "A method to take the decoction when it becomes cold."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2804",
              "display": "噙化；含化",
              "definition": "A method to melt the medicine in the mouth."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2805",
              "display": "頓服",
              "definition": "A method to take the decoction all in one single dose."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2806",
              "display": "分服",
              "definition": "A method to take the medicine in divided times."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2807",
              "display": "頻服",
              "definition": "A method to take the decoction in small portions at frequent intervals."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2808",
              "display": "解表劑",
              "definition": "Formulas to induce sweating, relieve muscle soreness, and/or promote the eruption of measles. They are indicated for exterior pattern. These formulas are categorized into three types— formulas to release the exterior with pungent, warm medicines, formulas to release the exterior with pungent, cool medicines and formulas to reinforce healthy qi and release the exterior."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2809",
              "display": "辛溫解表劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of pungent, warm and dispersing medicines. They are indicated for wind cold exterior pattern."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2810",
              "display": "分經論治",
              "definition": "These formulas are often used for common cold, headache, and perspiration. A representative formula is Jiu Wei Qiang Huo Tang (Nine Ingredients Notopterygium Decoction)."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2811",
              "display": "辛涼解表劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of pungent, cool and dispersing medicines. They are indicated for exterior wind heat pattern."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2812",
              "display": "扶正解表劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to release the exterior and reinforce the body. They are indicated for exterior pattern in individuals with a weak constitution."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2813",
              "display": "瀉下劑",
              "definition": "Formulas to promote bowel movements, remove food stagnation in the stomach and intestines, or resolve water retention. They are indicated for excessive interior pattern. These formulas are categorized into four types: formulas to drain downward with cold-property medicines; formulas to drain downward with warm-property medicines; formulas to drain downward with moistening medicines; and formulas to drain downward with water-expelling medicines."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2814",
              "display": "寒下劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of cold-property ingredients. They are indicated for interior excessive heat accumulation pattern."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2815",
              "display": "釜底抽薪",
              "definition": "Take away firewood from under the cauldron” s a metaphorical expression for the method of ischarging heat with purgation. These formulas ct to purge excess heat. A representative formula s Da Cheng Qi Tang (Major Purgative Decoction)."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2816",
              "display": "溫下劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of warm, pungent medicines to warm yang and dissipate cold, coupled with bitter, cold medicines to purge pathogenic factors. They are indicated for excessive interior cold pattern."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2817",
              "display": "潤下劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to nourish yin and purge the intestine. They are indicated for constipation due to intestinal dryness."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2818",
              "display": "逐水劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of purgative medicines to resolve water retention. They are indicated for interior water retention."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2819",
              "display": "攻補兼施劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to purge the intestine and tonify the body. They are indicated for interior excess and deficiency of healthy qi."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2820",
              "display": "增水行舟",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to nourish yin and generate fluids. They are indicated for constipation due to heat in Yangming organ. A representative formula is Zeng Ye Tang (Fluid- Increasing Decoction)."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2821",
              "display": "和解劑",
              "definition": "Formulas to harmonize and release Shaoyang, coordinate the liver and spleen, and regulate the stomach and intestines. They are used to treat pathogenic factor affecting the Shaoyang, disharmony between the liver and spleen and lack of coordination between the stomach and intestines. These formulas are categorized into three types: formulas to harmonize Shaoyang; formulas to harmonize the liver and spleen; and formulas to harmonize the stomach and intestines."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2822",
              "display": "和解少陽劑",
              "definition": "Formulas that are indicated for cold damage affecting the Shaoyang (combined exterior and interior pattern)."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2823",
              "display": "調和肝脾劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to soothe and soften the liver, regulate qi, nourish blood and strengthen the spleen. They are indicated for disharmony between the liver and spleen."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2824",
              "display": "調和腸胃劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of pungent warm and bitter, cold medicines to disperse and down- regulate qi. They are indicated for disharmony between the stomach and intestines."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2825",
              "display": "清熱劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of heat-clearing medicines. They act to clear fire/heat, cool blood and remove toxins. These formulas are categorized into six types: formulas to clear heat in the qi phase; formulas that clear heat in the Ying nutrients phase and cool blood; formulas to clear heat in both qi and blood; formulas to clear heat and remove toxins; formulas to clear heat in Zang– fu organs; and formulas to clear deficiency heat."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2826",
              "display": "清氣分熱劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to clear heat. They are indicated for heat in the qi phase."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2827",
              "display": "甘寒清熱",
              "definition": "Formulas that are indicated for exuberant heat damaging bodily fluids. They mainly consist of sweet and cold medicines: the sweet ones to nourish yin and regenerate fluids, and the cold/ cool ones to clear heat. A representative formula is Wu Zhi Yin (Five-Juice Beverage)."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2828",
              "display": "清營涼血劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to clear heat and cool blood. They are indicated for heat entering the Ying nutrients and blood phases."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2829",
              "display": "透熱轉氣",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to clear heat and remove toxins, coupled with medicines to clear heat in the qi phase. They are indicated for the early stage of heat entering the Ying nutrients phase in febrile diseases. A representative formula is Qing Ying Tang (Ying Phase Clearing Decoction)."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2830",
              "display": "火鬱發之",
              "definition": "Formulas to expel stagnant heat/fire through dispersing, ascending and unblocking using light medicines. Representative formulas are Pu Ji Xiao Du Yin (Universal Relief Toxin-Removing Beverage) and Qing Wei San (Stomach-Clearing Powder)."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2831",
              "display": "以瀉代清",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to clear heat and purge the intestine. They are indicated for interior heat. A representative formula is Liang Ge San (Diaphragm-Cooling Powder)."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2832",
              "display": "清熱解毒劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to clear heat and remove toxins. They are indicated for pestilence, pathogenic warmth and toxic heat pattern."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2833",
              "display": "苦寒直折",
              "definition": "Formulas that are indicated for exuberant interior heat. These formulas mainly consist of bitter, cold medicines: the bitter ones to clear fire and the cold ones to clear heat. A representative formula is Huang Lian Jie Du Tang (Coptis Toxin-Resolving Decoction)."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2834",
              "display": "氣血兩清劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to clear heat, cool blood and remove toxins. They are indicated for pestilence heat in both qi and blood."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2835",
              "display": "清臟腑熱劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to clear internal heat. They are indicated for interior heat pattern."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2836",
              "display": "清虛熱劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to clear deficiency heat. They are indicated for deficiency heat."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2837",
              "display": "先入後出",
              "definition": "Formulas that are used for later stage of febrile diseases with retention of pathogenic factors in the Yin phase. A representative formula is Qing Hao Bei Jie Tang (Sweet Wormwood and Turtle Shell Decoction). Bie Jia (Carapax Trionycis) guides Qing Hao (Herba Artemisiae Annuae) to the interior and Qing Hao guides Bie Jia out to the exterior. The combination of the two ingredients nourishes yin and clears internal heat."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2838",
              "display": "祛暑劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to clear summer heat. They are indicated for summer heat- related problems. These formulas are categorized into four types: formulas to clear summer heat; formulas to clear summer heat and release the exterior; formulas to clear summer heat and resolve dampness; and formulas to clear summer heat and benefit qi."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2839",
              "display": "祛暑清熱劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to clear summer heat. They are indicated for summer heat pattern."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2840",
              "display": "祛暑解表劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to clear summer heat, transform dampness or release the exterior. They are indicated for exposure to wind heat and summer heat damaging the spleen and stomach."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2841",
              "display": "祛暑利濕劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to clear summer heat and resolve dampness. They are indicated for summer heat and dampness or downward flow of summer heat and dampness."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2842",
              "display": "清暑益氣劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to clear summer heat, supplement qi, and nourish yin. They are indicated for summer heat damaging qi and bodily fluids."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2843",
              "display": "溫裡劑",
              "definition": "Formulas to warm the interior, supplement yang, dispel cold, and unblock blood vessels. They are indicated for interior cold pattern. These formulas are categorized into three types: formulas to warm the middle jiao and remove cold; formulas to resuscitate yang to prevent collapse; and formulas to warm meridians and dispel cold."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2844",
              "display": "溫中祛寒劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to warm the interior and remove cold. They are indicated for deficiency cold of the spleen and stomach."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2845",
              "display": "回陽救逆劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to warm yang and prevent fainting. They are indicated for approaching collapse of yang qi."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2846",
              "display": "溫經散寒劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to warm and unblock meridians and remove cold. They are indicated for joint pain due to cold retaining in meridians."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2847",
              "display": "表裡雙解劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to release the exterior, warm the interior, and reinforce the body. They are indicated for pattern involving both the exterior and interior. These formulas are further categorized into three subtypes: exterior-releasing and interior-clearing formulas; exterior-releasing and interior-warming formulas; and exterior-releasing and interior- attacking formulas."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2848",
              "display": "解表攻裡劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of exterior-releasing medicines and purgative medicines. They are indicated for retention of exogenous pathogens coupled with interior excess pattern."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2849",
              "display": "解表清裡劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to release the exterior and clear heat. They are indicated for retention of exogenous pathogens coupled with interior heat."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2850",
              "display": "解表溫裡劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to release the exterior and warm the interior. They are indicated for retention of exogenous pathogens coupled with interior cold."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2851",
              "display": "補益劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of tonic medicines. They are indicated for deficiency of qi, blood and yin and yang. These formulas are further categorized into six types: formulas to tonify qi; formulas to tonify blood; formulas to tonify qi and blood; formulas to nourish yin; formulas to tonify yang; and formulas to tonify yin and yang."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2852",
              "display": "補氣劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of qi-tonifying medicines. They are indicated for qi deficiency pattern."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2853",
              "display": "甘溫除熱",
              "definition": "Formulas consisting of sweet, warm medicines. They are indicated for fever due to qi deficiency or yang deficiency. Representative formulas are Xiao Jian Zhong Tang (Minor Middle Jiao-Fortifying Decoction) and Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang (Middle Jiao- Supplementing and Qi-Boosting Decoction)."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2854",
              "display": "補血劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of blood-tonifying medicines. They are indicated for blood deficiency pattern."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2855",
              "display": "氣血雙補劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to tonify qi and blood. They are indicated for deficiency of both qi and blood."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2856",
              "display": "補陰劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of yin-nourishing medicines. They are indicated for yin deficiency pattern."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2857",
              "display": "陽中求陰",
              "definition": "A method to combine a small amount of yang- tonifying medicines for kidney yin deficiency. This method enhances the effect of nourishing yin. The representative formula is Zuo Gui Wan (Left- Restoring Pill)."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2858",
              "display": "補陽劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of yang-tonifying medicines. They are indicated for yang deficiency pattern."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2859",
              "display": "陰中求陽",
              "definition": "Formulas to combine a small amount of yin- nourishing medicines for kidney yang deficiency. This method enhances the effect of warming yang. The representative formula is You Gui Wan (Right- Restoring Pill)."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2860",
              "display": "陰陽並補",
              "definition": "Formulas consisting of yin-nourishing and yang- tonifying medicines. They are indicated for deficiency of yin and yang."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2861",
              "display": "安神劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to calm the mind. Indicated for mental restlessness. These formulas are categorized into two types: formulas to calm the mind with heavy medicines; and formulas to tranquilize the mind by nourishing yin and blood."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2862",
              "display": "重鎮安神劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines (heavy in weight) to calm the mind. They are indicated for hyperactivity of heart yang and heat disturbing the heart mind."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2863",
              "display": "滋養安神劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to nourish and calm the mind. They are indicated for yin blood failing to nourish the heart mind."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2864",
              "display": "開竅劑",
              "definition": "Formulas containing aromatic medicines. They are indicated for loss of consciousness and blockage of orifices. These formulas are categorized into two types: formulas to clear heat; and formulas to warm the interior and open the orifices."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2865",
              "display": "涼開劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to clear heat and open the orifices. They are indicated for heat blockage pattern due to toxic heat entering the pericardium in febrile disease."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2866",
              "display": "溫開劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to dispel cold and open the orifices. They are indicated for cold blockage pattern: cold, dampness and turbid phlegm blocking the mind or filthy turbidity obstructing the flow of qi."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2867",
              "display": "固澀劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to astringe or secure qi, blood, essence and body fluids. They are indicated for loss of or abnormal leakage/discharge of qi, blood, essence and body fluids. These formulas are categorized into five types: formulas to secure the exterior and stop sweating; formulas to astringe the lung and stop coughing; formulas to astringe the large intestine and stop diarrhoea; secure the essence gate and stop nocturnal emissions/urinary emissions; and secure Chong and Ren meridians and stop uterine bleeding/leucorrhoea."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2868",
              "display": "固表止汗劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to astringe and stop sweating. They are indicated for sweating disorders."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2869",
              "display": "斂肺止咳劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to astringe the lung. They are indicated for lung deficiency pattern due to chronic coughing."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2870",
              "display": "澀腸固脫劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to astringe the intestines and secure collapse. They are indicated for faecal incontinence or rectal prolapse."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2871",
              "display": "澀精止遺劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to secure the semen and astringe urination. They are indicated for nocturnal emissions or enuresis."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2872",
              "display": "固崩止帶劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to stop bleeding and vaginal discharge. They are indicated for metrorrhagia, metrostaxis or profuse vaginal discharge."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2873",
              "display": "理氣劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to move or down-regulate qi. They are indicated for qi stagnation or adverse ascending of qi. These formulas are categorized into two types: formulas to circulate qi; and formulas to down-regulate qi."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2874",
              "display": "行氣劑",
              "definition": "Formulas that act to unblock qi activities and are often indicated for liver or spleen/stomach qi stagnation."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2875",
              "display": "降氣劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to make the qi descend. These formulas are indicated for adverse ascending of qi."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2876",
              "display": "理血劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of blood-regulating medicines. They are indicated for blood stasis or haemorrhage. These formulas are subdivided into two types: formulas to circulate blood and resolve stasis; and formulas to stop bleeding."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2877",
              "display": "活血祛瘀劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of blood-circulating medicines. They are indicated for blood stasis pattern."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2878",
              "display": "剛柔相濟",
              "definition": "Formulas that combined dry, pungent and aromatic medicines with soft, sweet and moistening medicines. A representative formula is Huang Tu Tang (Yellow Earth Decoction)."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2879",
              "display": "止血劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of haemostatic drugs. They are indicated for bleeding pattern."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2880",
              "display": "治風劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of wind-removing or wind-extinguishing medicines. They are indicated for external or internal wind."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2881",
              "display": "疏散外風劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of pungent medicines to remove external wind. They are indicated for external wind pattern."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2882",
              "display": "平熄內風劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to soothe the liver and extinguish wind. They are indicated for internal stirring of liver wind."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2883",
              "display": "治燥劑",
              "definition": "Formulas that act to dispel external dryness with pungent, light-weight ingredients or eliminate internal dryness with sweet, cold and yin-nourishing ingredients. These formulas are subdivided into two types: formulas to dispel external dryness; and formulas to nourish yin and moisten internal dryness."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2884",
              "display": "輕宣潤燥劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of pungent medicines light in weight and dispersing in function. They are indicated for external dryness pattern."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2885",
              "display": "滋陰潤燥劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines (sweet in flavour and cool in property) to moisten dryness. They are indicated for internal dryness pattern."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2886",
              "display": "祛濕劑",
              "definition": "Formulas that act to resolve water retention and relieve stranguria are indicated for water dampness pattern. These formulas are categorized into five types: formulas to dry dampness and harmonize the stomach; formulas to clear heat and eliminate dampness; formulas to promote urination and drain dampness; formulas to warm and transform cold dampness; and formulas to remove wind and transform dampness."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2887",
              "display": "燥濕和胃劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to dry dampness and harmonize the stomach. They are indicated for dampness affecting the spleen and stomach or disharmony of stomach qi."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2888",
              "display": "清熱祛濕劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to clear heat and resolve dampness. They are indicated for damp heat pattern."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2889",
              "display": "利水滲濕劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines (sweet or bland in flavour) to drain dampness through urination. They are indicated for water dampness pattern."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2890",
              "display": "溫化水濕劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to warm yang and transform water and dampness. They are indicated for cold dampness pattern."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2891",
              "display": "祛風勝濕劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to remove wind and transform dampness. They are mainly indicated for wind dampness pattern."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2892",
              "display": "祛痰劑",
              "definition": "Formulas that are indicated for phlegm from all causes. These formulas are subdivided into five types: formulas to dry dampness and transform phlegm; formulas to clear heat and transform phlegm; formulas to moisten dryness and transform phlegm; formulas to warm and transform phlegm; and formulas to stop wind and transform phlegm."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2893",
              "display": "燥濕化痰劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to dry dampness and transform phlegm. They are indicated for damp phlegm pattern."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2894",
              "display": "清熱化痰劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to clear heat and transform phlegm. They are indicated for heat phlegm pattern."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2895",
              "display": "潤燥化痰劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to moisten the lung and transform phlegm. They are indicated for dry phlegm pattern."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2896",
              "display": "溫化寒痰劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to warm and transform cold phlegm. They are indicated for cold phlegm pattern."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2897",
              "display": "治風化痰劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to remove/extinguish wind and transform phlegm. They are indicated for wind phlegm pattern."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2898",
              "display": "消導化積劑",
              "definition": "Formulas to promote digestion. They are indicated for food stagnation from different causes. These formulas are subdivided into two types: formulas to promote digestion to resolve stagnation; and formulas to strengthen the spleen to promote digestion."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2899",
              "display": "消食導滯劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to promote digestion. They are indicated for poor digestion due to food stagnation."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2900",
              "display": "消痞化積劑",
              "definition": "Formulas mainly consisting of medicines to circulate qi, transform stasis, soften hardness and eliminate masses. They are indicated for stuffiness, fullness, stagnation or paediatric malnutrition due to food stagnation damaging the spleen and stomach."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2901",
              "display": "驅蟲劑",
              "definition": "Formulas to kill intestinal parasites/worms. They are indicated for intestinal parasites."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2902",
              "display": "湧吐劑",
              "definition": "Formulas to induce vomiting, expectorate phlegm, undigested food and poison in the stomach. They are indicated for phlegm syncope, food stagnation and food poisoning."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2903",
              "display": "治瘍劑",
              "definition": "Formulas to remove toxins, resolve swelling, expel toxins, regenerate tissues, and heal the wound."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2904",
              "display": "中成藥",
              "definition": "Safe, effective and reliable Chinese medical preparations that have been tested by clinical use and manufactured according to standard technical procedures."
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#2905",
          "display": "3.4 養生保健方法"
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#2906",
          "display": "3.5 針灸類(含拔罐、刮痧）",
          "concept": [
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2907",
              "display": "經絡腧穴類"
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2908",
              "display": "經絡",
              "definition": "Meridians and collaterals are pathways for qi and blood to flow throughout the body. They form a comprehensive network linking the tissues and internal organs into an organic whole."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2909",
              "display": "十二經脈；十二正經",
              "definition": "The twelve meridians (i.e. the twelve regular meridians) are: the lung meridian; the large intestine meridian; the stomach meridian; the spleen meridian; the heart meridian; the small intestine meridian; the bladder meridian; the kidney meridian; the pericardium meridian; the Sanjiao meridian; the gallbladder meridian; and the liver meridian."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2910",
              "display": "手太陰肺經",
              "definition": "The lung meridian pertains to the lung and connects with the large intestine. It mainly travels along the anterior border of the medial aspect of the arm."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2911",
              "display": "手陽明大腸經",
              "definition": "The large intestine meridian pertains to the large intestine and connects with the lung. It mainly travels along the anterior border of the radial aspect of the arm, passes through the cheeks, enters the lower teeth, and then over the upper lip and terminates beside the opposite nostril."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2912",
              "display": "足陽明胃經",
              "definition": "The stomach meridian pertains to the stomach and connects with the spleen. It starts directly below the pupil between the eyeball and the infraorbital ridge. Running downward along the lateral side of the nose, to the lateral corner of the mouth. Curving posterior to the anterior angle of the mandible. Then it travels to the posterior aspect of the mandible ascending in front of the ear and following the anterior hairline, it reaches the forehead. It then runs along the throat and enters the supraclavicular fossa. The straight line of the meridian separates the supraclavicular fossa and runs downward along the middle mammillary line. It travels to the side of the umbilicus and descends to the inguinal groove. Running downward it travels along the anterior aspect of the thigh and reaches the knee. From there is continues further down along the anterior border of the lateral aspect of the tibia to the dorsum of the foot and reaches the lateral side of the tip of the second toe."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2913",
              "display": "足太陰脾經",
              "definition": "The spleen meridian pertains to the spleen and connects with the stomach. It mainly travels along the anterior border of the medial aspect of the leg and passes through the chest and abdomen."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2914",
              "display": "手少陰心經",
              "definition": "The heart meridian pertains to the heart and connects with the small intestine. It mainly travels along the posterior border of the ulnar palmar aspect of the arm."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2915",
              "display": "手太陽小腸經",
              "definition": "The small intestine meridian pertains to the small intestine and connects with the heart. It mainly travels along the posterior border of the dorsal ulnar aspect of the arm, passes through the shoulder and reaches the face."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2916",
              "display": "足太陽膀胱經",
              "definition": "The bladder meridian pertains to the urinary bladder and connects with the kidney. It is mainly distributed over the head, back and along the back of the leg."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2917",
              "display": "足少陰腎經",
              "definition": "The kidney meridian pertains to the kidney and connects with the urinary bladder. It mainly travels along the posterior border of the medial aspect of the leg and passes through the chest and abdomen, finally terminating at the root of the tongue."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2918",
              "display": "手厥陰心包經",
              "definition": "The pericardium meridian pertains to the pericardium and connects with the Sanjiao. It mainly travels along the palmar aspect of the upper arm and moves towards the forearm running between the tendons of the m. palmaris longus and m. flexor carpi radialis."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2919",
              "display": "手少陽三焦經",
              "definition": "The Sanjiao meridian pertains to Sanjiao and connects with the pericardium. It is mainly distributed along the dorsal aspect of the forearm between the radius and ulna and reaches the ears and face."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2920",
              "display": "足少陽膽經",
              "definition": "The gallbladder meridian pertains to the gallbladder and connects with the liver. It is mainly distributed over the head, sides of the head, chest, and abdomen and descends down to the lateral aspect of the leg."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2921",
              "display": "足厥陰肝經",
              "definition": "The liver meridian pertains to the liver and connects with the gallbladder. It mainly travels along the medial aspect of the leg, passes over the chest and abdomen, and its divergent meridian reaches the vertex."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2922",
              "display": "手三陰經",
              "definition": "The three hand-yin meridians are lung meridian, heart meridian and pericardium meridian."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2923",
              "display": "手三陽經",
              "definition": "The three hand-yang meridians are large intestine meridian, small intestine meridian and Sanjiao meridian."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2924",
              "display": "足三陰經",
              "definition": "The three foot-yin meridians are spleen meridian, kidney meridian and liver meridian."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2925",
              "display": "足三陽經",
              "definition": "The three foot-yang meridians are stomach meridian, bladder meridian and gallbladder meridian."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2926",
              "display": "奇經八脈",
              "definition": "The eight extraordinary meridians are different from the twelve regular meridians with special distributions and functions. They are Du meridian, Ren meridian, Chong meridian, Dai meridian, Yinwei meridian, Yangwei meridian, Yinqiao meridian and Yangqiao meridian."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2927",
              "display": "督脈",
              "definition": "The Du meridian is mainly distributed over the head, face and along the midline of the back."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2928",
              "display": "任脈",
              "definition": "The Ren meridian is mainly distributed over the neck, face and along the midline of the chest and abdomen."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2929",
              "display": "沖脈",
              "definition": "The Chong meridian is mainly distributed over the chest and face, inside the spine and along the first lateral line of the abdomen."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2930",
              "display": "帶脈",
              "definition": "The Dai meridian is mainly distributed over the waist, subcostal area and abdomen. It encircles the waist like a girdle."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2931",
              "display": "陰蹻脈",
              "definition": "The Yinqiao meridian is mainly distributed over the heel, the medial aspect of the leg, perineum, abdomen, chest, head, and eyes."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2932",
              "display": "陽蹻脈",
              "definition": "The Yangqiao meridian is mainly distributed over the heel, lateral aspect of the leg, thigh, subcostal area, shoulder, head and eyes."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2933",
              "display": "陰維脈",
              "definition": "The Yinwei meridian is mainly distributed over the medial aspect of the leg and thigh and ascends along the third lateral line of the abdomen. It reaches the throat and meets with the Ren meridian at Tiantu (Ren 22) and Lianquan (Ren 23)."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2934",
              "display": "陽維脈",
              "definition": "The Yangwei meridian is mainly distributed below the external malleolus, the lateral aspect of the leg, and over the subcostal area, shoulder and sides of the head. It meets with the Du meridian at Fengfu (Du 16) and Yamen (Du 15)."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2935",
              "display": "絡脈",
              "definition": "Collaterals are branches of meridians, including minute collaterals, blood collaterals and superficial collaterals."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2936",
              "display": "十五絡脈",
              "definition": "The fifteen collaterals include the collaterals of the twelve meridians, the collaterals of the Du and Ren meridian as well as the major collateral of the spleen."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2937",
              "display": "十六絡脈",
              "definition": "The sixteen collaterals include the above- mentioned fifteen collaterals plus the major collateral of the stomach."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2938",
              "display": "脾之大絡",
              "definition": "The major collateral of the spleen begins from Dabao (SP 21), emerges at 3 cun below Yuanye (GB 22) and spreads over the chest and subcostal area."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2939",
              "display": "胃之大絡",
              "definition": "The major collateral of the stomach begins from Xuli (the pulsation at the apex of the heart), passes through the diaphragm, connects with the lung and emerges from the left breast."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2940",
              "display": "血絡",
              "definition": "Superficial vessels visible to the naked eye."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2941",
              "display": "浮絡",
              "definition": "Collaterals on the surface of the body."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2942",
              "display": "孫絡",
              "definition": "Extremely small collaterals."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2943",
              "display": "十二經別；經別",
              "definition": "The twelve divergent meridians branch out from the twelve regular meridians and are deeper in the body. They function to strengthen the connection between internally-externally coupled meridians."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2944",
              "display": "十二經筋；經筋",
              "definition": "The twelve muscle regions are corresponding sites where the qi and blood of the twelve meridians to nourish the muscles and tendons. Their distributions are almost the same as that of the twelve meridians."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2945",
              "display": "十二皮部；皮部",
              "definition": "The twelve cutaneous regions are corresponding sites where the qi and blood of the twelve meridians to nourish the skin. They are generally known as the outward manifestations of the twelve meridians and collaterals."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2946",
              "display": "根結",
              "definition": "The word“Gen”literally means root. It shares the similar meaning with“Ben”.The word“Jie” literally means knot. It shares the similar meaning with“Biao”(see Biao and Ben)."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2947",
              "display": "標本",
              "definition": "The word“biao”literally means the tip of tree branches. Here it refers to the head, face and body trunk where meridian qi diffuses. The word“ben” literally means the trunk of a tree. Here it refers to the four limbs where meridian qi gathers."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2948",
              "display": "氣街",
              "definition": "Qi streets are the pathways for meridian qi to flow over the head and body trunk. There is a total of four qi streets, respectively on the head, chest, abdomen and lower leg."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2949",
              "display": "四海",
              "definition": "The four seas include the sea of marrow, sea of qi, sea of water and food, and sea of blood (sea of the twelve meridians)."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2950",
              "display": "髓海",
              "definition": "The brain is known as“the sea of marrow”."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2951",
              "display": "氣海",
              "definition": "The chest is known as“the sea of qi”."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2952",
              "display": "水穀之海",
              "definition": "The stomach is known as“the sea of water and food”."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2953",
              "display": "血海",
              "definition": "The Chong meridian is known as“the sea of blood (sea of the twelve meridians)”."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2954",
              "display": "陽脈之海",
              "definition": "The Du meridian governs meridian qi of all yang meridians and is therefore known as“the sea of yang meridians”."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2955",
              "display": "陰脈之海",
              "definition": "The Ren meridian governs meridian qi of all yin meridians and is therefore known as“the sea of yin meridians”."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2956",
              "display": "一源三歧",
              "definition": "The Du, Ren and Chong meridians all arise from a common origin:“baozhong”(the lower abdomen where primordial kidney qi gathers), emerge out of the perineum, and then travels along their own pathways."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2957",
              "display": "循經感傳",
              "definition": "Sensations radiating along the pathways of meridians."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2958",
              "display": "經絡現象",
              "definition": "Specific disturbance of sensation, transmission of sensation and visible changes in skin colour and quality along the pathways of meridians."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2959",
              "display": "肺系",
              "definition": "The trachea and throat. The word“xi”means connecting tissues or structures."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2960",
              "display": "目系",
              "definition": "The posterior intraocular structures connecting with the brain."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2961",
              "display": "心系",
              "definition": "The structures connecting with the heart, such as blood vessels."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2962",
              "display": "赤白肉際",
              "definition": "The boundary between the palmar aspect and dorsal aspect of the hands and feet. The skin on the palm aspect appears white, whereas the skin on the dorsal aspect appears red or brown. It is often used as an anatomical landmark to locate certain points."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2963",
              "display": "關闔樞",
              "definition": "Three objects of a door are used figuratively to express the functions of the three yang and three yin meridians. Of the three yang meridians, Taiyang is compared to the bolt, Yangming to the plank and Shaoyang to the hinge. Of the three yin meridians, Taiyin is compared to the bolt, Jueyin to the plank and Shaoyin to the hinge."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2964",
              "display": "腧穴",
              "definition": "The specific sites where the qi and blood of the zang–fu organs and meridians are transported to the surface of the body. They are pathological reaction points and, at the same time, acupuncture stimulation points."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2965",
              "display": "經穴",
              "definition": "Acupuncture points of the fourteen meridians (i.e. twelve regular meridians + Du meridian + Ren meridian)."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2966",
              "display": "經外奇穴；奇穴",
              "definition": "The points that are not contained in the above- mentioned fourteen meridians; however, these points have specific names and locations."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2967",
              "display": "阿是穴；天應穴",
              "definition": "The points of sensitivity or tenderness. They are neither meridians points nor extra points, and they do not have specific names or locations."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2968",
              "display": "特定穴",
              "definition": "The meridians points that have special names and functions."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2969",
              "display": "五輸穴",
              "definition": "A collective term of the Jing-well, Ying-spring, Shu-stream, Jing-river and He-sea points. They are all located distal to, or at the elbow and knee joints."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2970",
              "display": "井穴",
              "definition": "The point at which the qi rises is known as the Jing-well. Most Jing-well points are located on the fingers or toes."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2971",
              "display": "滎穴",
              "definition": "The point at which the qi glides is known as the Ying-spring. The Ying-spring points are generally located distal to the metacarpophalangeal or metatarsophalangeal joints."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2972",
              "display": "輸穴",
              "definition": "The point at which the qi pours through is known as the Shu-stream. The Shu-stream points are generally located proximal to the metacarpophalangeal joints or metatarsophalangeal joints."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2973",
              "display": "經穴",
              "definition": "The point at which the qi flows is known as the Jing-river. The Jing-river points are located around the joints of the wrists or ankles."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2974",
              "display": "合穴",
              "definition": "The point at which the qi enters inwards is known as the He-sea. The He-sea points are located around the joints of the elbows or knees."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2975",
              "display": "原穴",
              "definition": "The points where the Yuan-primordial qi pools."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2976",
              "display": "絡穴",
              "definition": "The points where a meridian exits off from the main flow and connects with the Yin/Yang paired meridian."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2977",
              "display": "郤穴",
              "definition": "The points where meridian qi is deeply converged."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2978",
              "display": "背俞穴",
              "definition": "The points on the back where qi of the respective zang–fu organs is infused."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2979",
              "display": "募穴",
              "definition": "The points on the chest and abdomen where qi of the respective zang–fu organs is infused."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2980",
              "display": "八會穴",
              "definition": "The points that have particular effects in the treatment of disorders relating to the zang, fu, qi, blood, tendon, vessels, bones and marrow."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2981",
              "display": "八脈交會穴",
              "definition": "The points where qi of the twelve regular meridians meets the eight extraordinary meridians."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2982",
              "display": "下合穴",
              "definition": "The points where qi of the six fu organs is infused into the three foot-yang meridians."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2983",
              "display": "交會穴",
              "definition": "The points intersected by two or more meridians."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2984",
              "display": "針灸配穴",
              "definition": "The selection of different points in acupuncture treatment."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2985",
              "display": "近部取穴",
              "definition": "A method to choose points at or close to the affected body area."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2986",
              "display": "遠部取穴",
              "definition": "A method to choose points away from the affected body area."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2987",
              "display": "隨證取穴",
              "definition": "A method to choose points according to differentiated pattern."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2988",
              "display": "本經配穴法",
              "definition": "A method to combine points along the affected meridian."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2989",
              "display": "表裡（經）配穴法",
              "definition": "A method to combine points from the internally- externally connected meridians."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2990",
              "display": "同名經配穴法",
              "definition": "A method to combine points from one hand meridian and one foot meridian that share the same name."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2991",
              "display": "上下配穴法",
              "definition": "A method to combine points on the upper and lower body."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2992",
              "display": "前後配穴法",
              "definition": "A method to combine points on the back and front of the body."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2993",
              "display": "左右配穴法",
              "definition": "A method to combine points on the left and right side of the body."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2994",
              "display": "原絡配穴法",
              "definition": "A method to combine the Yuan-source and Luo- connecting points."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2995",
              "display": "主客原絡配穴法",
              "definition": "A point combination method to use the Yuan- primary point of the affected meridian coupled with the Luo-connecting point of its interiorly- exteriorly connected meridian. This method is often employed to treat problems of the zang–fu organs and meridians."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2996",
              "display": "俞募配穴法",
              "definition": "A method to combine the back-Shu and front-Mu points."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2997",
              "display": "腧穴定位法",
              "definition": "The acupuncture points can be located according to the anatomical landmarks, proportional bone measurement, and finger measurement, etc."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2998",
              "display": "骨度分寸法",
              "definition": "A method to use landmarks on the body surface, primarily joints, to measure the length and width of various parts of the body. Then the width or length is divided respectively into definite numbers of equal units as the standards for the proportional measurement."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#2999",
              "display": "手指同身寸",
              "definition": "A method to locate acupuncture points based on the finger sizes of the patient."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3000",
              "display": "拇指同身寸",
              "definition": "A method to take the width of the interphalangeal joint of the thumb as 1 cun."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3001",
              "display": "中指同身寸",
              "definition": "A method to take the distance between the ends of the two radial creases of the interphalangeal joints of the middle finger as 1 cun when the middle finger is flexed."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3002",
              "display": "橫指同身寸；一夫法",
              "definition": "A method to take the width of the patients’ four fingers (index, middle, ring and little) close together at the level of the dorsal skin crease of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the middle finger as three cun. It is also known as“Yi Fu Fa”in Chinese."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3003",
              "display": "針刺類"
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3004",
              "display": "針尖",
              "definition": "The sharpest part of a needle."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3005",
              "display": "針柄",
              "definition": "The part of the needle held by an acupuncturist."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3006",
              "display": "針體（針身）",
              "definition": "The part between the tip and the handle."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3007",
              "display": "針根",
              "definition": "The demarcation line between the handle and the body."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3008",
              "display": "不銹鋼針",
              "definition": "Acupuncture needles made of stainless steel. It is now commonly used in clinical practice."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3009",
              "display": "銀質針",
              "definition": "Acupuncture needles made of silver. They are often used in warming needle because of their good thermal and electrical conduction."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3010",
              "display": "金質針",
              "definition": "Acupuncture needles made of gold."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3011",
              "display": "針刺方法",
              "definition": "Basic acupuncture techniques."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3012",
              "display": "毫針刺法",
              "definition": "Basic techniques in using filiform needles."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3013",
              "display": "刺手",
              "definition": "The hand to hold and insert a needle."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3014",
              "display": "押手",
              "definition": "The hand that presses the puncturing area with one or more fingers, to facilitate needle insertion."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3015",
              "display": "雙手進針法",
              "definition": "A method to insert a needle into a point by using both the puncturing hand and pressing hand."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3016",
              "display": "指切進針法",
              "definition": "A method to press the skin of puncturing area with the nail of thumb or index finger of the pressing hand and insert the needle against the fingernail with the needling hand."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3017",
              "display": "夾持進針法",
              "definition": "A method to hold the lower part of the needle body with a piece of sterile cotton or gauze between the thumb and index finger of the pressing hand while inserting a needle. (Press the skin adjacent to the the needling site with the nail of thumb or index finger of the pressing hand, while inserting a needle against the fingernail with the needling hand)."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3018",
              "display": "舒張進針法",
              "definition": "A method to stretch the skin around the puncturing area with the thumb and index finger (or the index and middle fingers) of the pressing hand while inserting a needle."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3019",
              "display": "提捏進針法",
              "definition": "A method to pinch and lift the skin of the puncturing area with the thumb and index finger of the pressing hand while inserting a needle."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3020",
              "display": "單手進針法",
              "definition": "A method to insert a needle into a point by using the puncturing hand alone."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3021",
              "display": "管針進針法",
              "definition": "A method to insert a needle using a fine tube as a guide."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3022",
              "display": "散刺法",
              "definition": "A needling technique to prick a point and its surrounding area."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3023",
              "display": "挑刺法（挑治法）",
              "definition": "A needling technique to gently prick using a three- edged needle and let out a small amount of blood or tissue fluid."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3024",
              "display": "點刺法",
              "definition": "A needling technique to prick superficially and then remove immediately. It is often used for Jing- well points or blood-letting."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3025",
              "display": "刺絡法",
              "definition": "A needling technique to prick superficial collaterals using a three-edged or a (single- use, disposable) seven-star needle to let out appropriate amount of blood."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3026",
              "display": "針刺角度",
              "definition": "The angle formed between the needle body and the skin while the needle is being inserted."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3027",
              "display": "直刺",
              "definition": "The needle insertion at a 90° angle to the skin."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3028",
              "display": "斜刺",
              "definition": "The needle insertion at a 45° angle to the skin."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3029",
              "display": "平刺；橫刺，沿皮刺",
              "definition": "Needle insertion at a 15° angle to the skin."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3030",
              "display": "透刺",
              "definition": "A method to insert a needle from one point towards another point (or more points)."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3031",
              "display": "行針；運針",
              "definition": "Manipulating the needle after insertion to produce the desired effect."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3032",
              "display": "提插法",
              "definition": "A needling manipulation to lift and thrust a needle."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3033",
              "display": "撚轉法",
              "definition": "A needling manipulation to twirl (turn) or rotate a needle."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3034",
              "display": "循法",
              "definition": "A method to gently tap or massage the skin along the pathways of meridians to promote the flow of qi."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3035",
              "display": "彈（柄）法",
              "definition": "A needling manipulation to flick the handle of the needle to promote the flow of qi."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3036",
              "display": "刮（柄）法",
              "definition": "A needling manipulation to scrape the handle of the needle with fingernails to promote the flow of qi."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3037",
              "display": "搖（柄）法",
              "definition": "A needling manipulation to shake the needle handle to promote the flow of qi."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3038",
              "display": "飛法",
              "definition": "A needling manipulation to twist the needle handle with the thumb and index finger for a couple of times and release the fingers. The repeated twisting and releasing resembles a bird spreading its wings."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3039",
              "display": "震顫法",
              "definition": "A needling manipulation to hold the handle of the needle and make a small-amplitude and rapid lifting and thrusting to cause the needle to vibrate up and down to promote the flow of qi."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3040",
              "display": "得氣",
              "definition": "The arrival of qi is signalled by particular sensations felt by the patient and the practitioner. For the patient, it typically refers to soreness, numbness, distension and heaviness felt around the needle (but may move up or down along the meridian). For the practitioner, it refers to a gripping sensation or a feeling of pressure underneath the needle."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3041",
              "display": "針感",
              "definition": "Typical sensations of soreness, numbness, distension and heaviness felt around the needle by the patient."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3042",
              "display": "候氣",
              "definition": "A method to leave the needle in place for a while after insertion, without any manipulation."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3043",
              "display": "催氣",
              "definition": "A method to manipulate the needle to stimulate the flow of qi."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3044",
              "display": "氣至病所",
              "definition": "The effect of needling sensation reaching an affected area."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3045",
              "display": "針刺補瀉",
              "definition": "Needling manipulations to reinforce healthy qi for deficiency pattern and to remove pathogenic factors for excess pattern."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3046",
              "display": "撚轉補瀉",
              "definition": "Needling manipulations to reinforce or reduce according to the twirling/rotating direction, angle, frequency and duration."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3047",
              "display": "提插補瀉",
              "definition": "Needling manipulations to reinforce or reduce according to the forcefulness, speed, amplitude and duration of the lifting and thrusting."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3048",
              "display": "徐疾補瀉",
              "definition": "Needling manipulations to reinforce or reduce according to the slow or rapid needle insertion and withdrawal."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3049",
              "display": "迎隨補瀉",
              "definition": "Needling manipulations to reinforce or reduce by going against or following the pathways of meridians."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3050",
              "display": "呼吸補瀉",
              "definition": "Needling manipulations to reinforce or reduce by inserting or withdrawing the needle when the patient breathes in or out."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3051",
              "display": "開闔補瀉",
              "definition": "Needling manipulations to reinforce or reduce by opening or closing the needle holes."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3052",
              "display": "平補平瀉",
              "definition": "Needling manipulations to lift, thrust, or twirl evenly."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3053",
              "display": "燒山火",
              "definition": "A complex reinforcing manipulation to induce local or general warming sensation. The point to be needled is divided into three levels: shallow (heaven), intermediate (man) and deep (earth). Insert the needle into the shallow level first and then down to the intermediate and deep levels, coupled with rapid thrusting and slow lifting for a total of nine times in each level. Repeat the procedure three times and leave the needle in the deep level."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3054",
              "display": "透天涼",
              "definition": "A complex reducing manipulation to induce local or general cool sensation. The point to be needled is divided into three levels: shallow (heaven), intermediate (man) and deep (earth). Insert the needle to the deep level first and then lift to the intermediate and shallow levels, coupled with rapid lifting and slow thrusting for a total of six times in each level. Repeat the procedure three times and leave the needle in the shallow level."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3055",
              "display": "子母補瀉法",
              "definition": "One of the reinforcing or reducing manipulations. Manipulations of reinforcing the mother or reducing the son are selected according to deficiency or excess of the zang–fu organs or meridian problems."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3056",
              "display": "子午流注",
              "definition": "cial theory for point selection. The midnight- (Zi Wu) represents the time. The ebb-flow Zhu) refers to the circulation of qi and blood. theory believes the meridian qi and blood from Zi time (11:00 pm–1:00 am) to Wu time 0 am–1:00 pm) and then from the Wu time to i time. The yin qi becomes most abundant e Zi time and then begins to decline, and ang qi starts to increase and becomes most ant at the Wu time. Based on this theory, ive-Shu points located below the knee and joints should be selected according to the nated hours."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3057",
              "display": "留針（置針）",
              "definition": "To retain a needle in place after the presence of needling sensation (arrival of qi)."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3058",
              "display": "出針",
              "definition": "To remove a needle when the treatment is done."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3059",
              "display": "針刺異常情況",
              "definition": "Acupuncture-related adverse events include fainting, stuck needle, bent needle and broken needle. These accidents are often caused by a weak constitution, nervousness, hunger, inappropriate body position or medical negligence."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3060",
              "display": "暈針",
              "definition": "An adverse event during an acupuncture session: Patients may present with a pale complexion or experience dizziness, nausea and chest tightness. In severe cases, cold limbs, cold sweats, drop in blood pressure, syncope or shock may be present."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3061",
              "display": "滯針",
              "definition": "Difficulty or impossible to rotate, lift or thrust a needle."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3062",
              "display": "彎針",
              "definition": "The needle body becomes bent upon insertion or retention."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3063",
              "display": "斷針",
              "definition": "The needle body is broken and the broken part is on or below the skin surface."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3064",
              "display": "針刺血腫",
              "definition": "Localized swelling, distension and pain from bleeding in the tissue after needle withdrawal."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3065",
              "display": "針刺性氣胸",
              "definition": "Pneumothorax induced by inappropriate acupuncture needling that punctures the lung."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3066",
              "display": "微針療法",
              "definition": "A collective term for acupuncture in a specific local area, such as ear, scalp, or face, etc."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3067",
              "display": "頭針療法",
              "definition": "A therapeutic method to stimulate specific lines on the scalp with an acupuncture needle."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3068",
              "display": "耳針療法",
              "definition": "A therapeutic method to stimulate points on the ear with an acupuncture needle."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3069",
              "display": "耳穴",
              "definition": "Specific stimulation areas distributed on the auricles."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3070",
              "display": "面針療法",
              "definition": "A therapeutic method to stimulate points on the face with an acupuncture needle."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3071",
              "display": "眼針療法",
              "definition": "A therapeutic method to stimulate points around the eye socket with an acupuncture needle."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3072",
              "display": "鼻針療法",
              "definition": "A therapeutic method to stimulate points on the nose with an acupuncture needle."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3073",
              "display": "舌針療法",
              "definition": "A therapeutic method to stimulate points on the tongue with an acupuncture needle."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3074",
              "display": "脊背針療法",
              "definition": "A therapeutic method to stimulate points on the back with an acupuncture needle."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3075",
              "display": "手針療法",
              "definition": "A therapeutic method to stimulate points on the hand with an acupuncture needle."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3076",
              "display": "足針療法",
              "definition": "A therapeutic method to stimulate points on the foot with an acupuncture needle."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3077",
              "display": "腕踝針療法",
              "definition": "A therapeutic method to stimulate points on the wrist and ankle subcutaneously with an acupuncture needle."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3078",
              "display": "腹針療法",
              "definition": "A therapeutic method to stimulate specific abdominal points with an acupuncture needle."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3079",
              "display": "第二掌骨側針法",
              "definition": "A method to stimulate the area lateral to the second metacarpal bone with an acupuncture needle. This method is based on micro-system theory that regards the second metacarpal bone as the whole body."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3080",
              "display": "三棱針",
              "definition": "A thick needle with a round handle, a triangular body and a sharp tip similar to a lancet needle. It derives from the Sharp-edged Needle (one of the nine ancient needles)."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3081",
              "display": "皮膚針",
              "definition": "Needling instrument composed of several short needles used for tapping the points, such as the plum-blossom needle or seven-star needle. These needles cannot be reused without sterilization."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3082",
              "display": "梅花針",
              "definition": "A dermal needle that has a bundle of five short, embedded needles resembling a plum blossom. This needle cannot be reused without sterilization."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3083",
              "display": "七星針",
              "definition": "A dermal needle that has seven short needles attached to the end of a handle in a cluster. This needle cannot be reused without sterilization."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3084",
              "display": "皮內針",
              "definition": "A small needling instrument for embedding at a certain point for an extended period."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3085",
              "display": "撳針",
              "definition": "An intradermal needle that is shaped like a thumbtack used for extended auricular therapy, approximately 0.2 mm–1.5 mm in length."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3086",
              "display": "埋針療法；皮內針療法",
              "definition": "A therapy to insert an intradermal needle into the skin of the body surface (an acupuncture point) and fix with tape to retain for a period of time."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3087",
              "display": "電針",
              "definition": "A therapeutic method to connect pulses of electrical current to inserted acupuncture needles."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3088",
              "display": "穴位注射；水針",
              "definition": "A therapeutic method to inject fluid, sometimes medicated, into acupuncture points."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3089",
              "display": "火針；燔針",
              "definition": "A therapeutic method to insert a hot needle to the affected area and remove immediately afterwards."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3090",
              "display": "芒針",
              "definition": "A therapeutic method to puncture one point towards another one subcutaneously using a long, thready needle like wheat awn. It derives from the Long Needle (one of the nine ancient needles)."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3091",
              "display": "鐳射針",
              "definition": "A therapeutic method to use a low-energy laser beam to stimulate acupuncture points."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3092",
              "display": "蜂針療法",
              "definition": "A therapy to use the sting from a live bee (mechanical stimulation) and venom (pharmacological action) in the treatment of health conditions."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3093",
              "display": "偽針；假針",
              "definition": "A research control method that simulates acupuncture needle insertion without actual insertion, preferably without any penetration that carries physiological response. The tip of a sham needle is blunt to prevent the actual penetration into the body, which effectively trick the patient into thinking they are receiving real acupuncture, such as the“Streitberger”needle."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3094",
              "display": "割治",
              "definition": "A therapeutic method to incise the skin to squeeze out a small amount of fat."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3095",
              "display": "穴位埋線",
              "definition": "A therapeutic method to implant catgut or surgical suture at a selected point."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3096",
              "display": "砭石",
              "definition": "Pointed or wedge-shaped stones historically used to stimulate the surface of the body, drain pus or let blood out."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3097",
              "display": "九針",
              "definition": "A collective term for the nine types of needles described in the Nei Jing (Yellow Emperor’ s Internal Classic), namely, shear needle, rounded needle, spoon-like needle, sharp-edged needle, round-sharp needle, sword-like needle, long needle, large needle and filiform needle."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3098",
              "display": "鑱針",
              "definition": "One of the nine ancient needles. It has an arrow- shaped head and often used for superficial insertion in the treatment of heat pattern or skin conditions."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3099",
              "display": "圓針",
              "definition": "One of the nine ancient needles. It has a cylindrical needle body and oval tip. It is often used for point massage in the treatment of muscle problems."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3100",
              "display": "鍉針",
              "definition": "One of the nine ancient needles. It has a big, thick needle body and a slightly sharp round tip. It is often used for blood problems and heat pattern."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3101",
              "display": "鋒針",
              "definition": "One of the nine ancient needles. It is also known as the three-edged needle. It is often used to prick subcutaneous veins or small vessels in the treatment of abscess, heat pattern, acute gastroenteritis, etc."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3102",
              "display": "員利針",
              "definition": "One of the nine ancient needles. It has a round and sharp needle tip and is often used for abscess, bi-impediment and acute conditions."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3103",
              "display": "鈹針",
              "definition": "One of the nine ancient needles. It has a (double- edged) sword-like needle tip and is often used to cut open the abscesses to drain pus and blood."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3104",
              "display": "長針",
              "definition": "One of the nine ancient needles. It has a longer needle body (approximately 20–30 cm or longer) and is often used for deep insertion in the treatment of chronic rheumatism or sciatica."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3105",
              "display": "大針",
              "definition": "One of the nine ancient needles. It has a thick needle body and a slightly round needle tip. It is often used to treat general oedema or abdominal masses."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3106",
              "display": "毫針",
              "definition": "One of the nine ancient needles. It is now the most common needle in acupuncture treatment."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3107",
              "display": "五刺",
              "definition": "A collective term for five ancient needling techniques, namely, half needling, leopard-spot needling, joint needling, Hegu needling, and Shu needling."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3108",
              "display": "半刺",
              "definition": "A technique characterized by a shallow insertion and swift withdrawal. It is often used for lung- related problems."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3109",
              "display": "豹文刺",
              "definition": "A technique characterized by pricking with a three-edged needle around the point, causing leopard spot-like haemorrhagic spots. It is often used for heart-related problems."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3110",
              "display": "關刺",
              "definition": "A technique characterized by puncturing the tendon close to the joint without causing bleeding. It is often used for liver-related problems."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3111",
              "display": "合穀刺",
              "definition": "A technique characterized by puncturing the muscles of the affected region with the needle going obliquely right and left, resembling the claws of a chicken. It is often used for spleen- related problems."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3112",
              "display": "輸刺（五刺）",
              "definition": "A technique characterized by deep puncture directly to the bone. It is often used for kidney- related problems."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3113",
              "display": "九刺",
              "definition": "A collective term for nine ancient needling techniques, namely, Shu needling, distant needling, meridian needling, collateral needling, intramuscular needling, great drainage needling, skin needling, cauterized needling and contralateral needling."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3114",
              "display": "輸刺（九刺）",
              "definition": "A technique to puncture the Ying-spring point and Shu-stream point of the meridian involved and the back-Shu points of five zang organs."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3115",
              "display": "遠道刺",
              "definition": "A technique to puncture points on the lower body (i.e. the lower He-sea points of the six fu organs) to treat problems of the upper body."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3116",
              "display": "經刺",
              "definition": "A technique to acupuncture stasis/tenderness points along the pathways of meridians."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3117",
              "display": "絡刺",
              "definition": "A technique to prick small vessels with a three- edged needle for bloodletting."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3118",
              "display": "分刺",
              "definition": "A technique to puncture directly into the muscle."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3119",
              "display": "大瀉刺",
              "definition": "A technique to incise with a sword-shaped needle to drain pus or eliminate stagnant blood, also known as lancing."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3120",
              "display": "毛刺",
              "definition": "A technique to puncture shallowly into the skin."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3121",
              "display": "巨刺",
              "definition": "A technique to puncture points on the left side if the right side is affected, or vice versa."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3122",
              "display": "繆刺",
              "definition": "A technique to conduct blood-letting on the left side if the right side is affected, or vice versa."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3123",
              "display": "焠刺",
              "definition": "A technique to prick swiftly with a cauterized needle. Indicated for cold bi-impediment pattern."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3124",
              "display": "十二刺",
              "definition": "A collective term for twelve ancient needling techniques, namely: coupled needling; successive trigger needling; relaxing needling; triple needling; quintuple needling; straight needling; Shu needling; short needling; superficial needling; yin needling; accompanied needling; and repeated shallow needling."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3125",
              "display": "偶刺",
              "definition": "A technique to puncture the tenderness spots felt on the front (corresponding to the front-Mu point) and back (corresponding to the back-Shu point)."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3126",
              "display": "報刺",
              "definition": "A technique to puncture migratory Ashi points: while needling directly at the tender point, searching for other tender points over the surrounding area and needling in succession."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3127",
              "display": "恢刺",
              "definition": "A technique to insert the needle from the side of the tendon and then puncture the contracted muscle in different directions to induce relaxation."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3128",
              "display": "齊刺",
              "definition": "A technique to insert one needle perpendicularly, coupled with two more needles by its sides. Used to remove cold in a small, deeper area."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3129",
              "display": "揚刺",
              "definition": "A technique to insert one needle perpendicularly in the centre, coupled with four more needles anterior, posterior, right, and left to the perpendicular needle. Used to remove cold in a large, shallow area."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3130",
              "display": "直針刺",
              "definition": "A technique to pinch the skin and insert the needle subcutaneously (The word“straight”here means towards the affected shallow area). Used to remove cold in the superficial area."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3131",
              "display": "輸刺（十二刺）",
              "definition": "A technique to insert a needle perpendicularly to the deep area to wait for needling sensation and then slowly withdraw the needle when the needling sensation is present. Used to clear pathogenic heat."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3132",
              "display": "短刺",
              "definition": "A technique to insert the needle slowly while gently shaking the needle, followed by mild rotation when the needle is close to the bone. Used to treat bone pain or tenderness."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3133",
              "display": "浮刺",
              "definition": "A technique to puncture the superficial area obliquely. Used indicated for muscle pain with a cold sensation."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3134",
              "display": "陰刺",
              "definition": "A technique to puncture bilateral Taixi (KI 3) (the Yuan-primordial point of the kidney meridian) simultaneously. Used to treat cold limbs."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3135",
              "display": "傍針刺",
              "definition": "A technique to insert one needle perpendicularly, coupled with another one lateral to its side. Indicated for tenderness or pain with a fixed location."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3136",
              "display": "贊刺",
              "definition": "A technique to repeatedly puncture the shallow areas to cause bloodletting. Often used for carbuncles or abscesses."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3137",
              "display": "灸法類"
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3138",
              "display": "灸法",
              "definition": "A therapeutic method to apply burning mugwort (moxa) or other substances near or to particular points or areas of the body to relax, warm and tonify."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3139",
              "display": "艾絨",
              "definition": "Processed moxa leaves that concentrates the white hairs on the underside of the leaf."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3140",
              "display": "艾炷",
              "definition": "Cone-shaped mass made of moxa wool"
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3141",
              "display": "壯",
              "definition": "A dosage unit to count the number of moxa cones."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3142",
              "display": "艾條",
              "definition": "A cigar-shaped roll of mugwort wrapped in cotton paper."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3143",
              "display": "藥艾條",
              "definition": "Moxa sticks containing medicinal powder."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3144",
              "display": "艾炷灸",
              "definition": "A method to place a moxa cone directly or indirectly to the selected area and then ignite."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3145",
              "display": "直接灸",
              "definition": "A method to place a moxa cone directly on the selected area and then ignite to create a superficial burn."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3146",
              "display": "瘢痕灸",
              "definition": "A method to place a small moxa cone directly on the skin, then ignite until the skin blisters and then scars after it heals."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3147",
              "display": "化膿灸",
              "definition": "Please refer to scarring moxibustion."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3148",
              "display": "無瘢痕灸",
              "definition": "A method to place a small moxa cone directly on the skin, then ignite and remove the burning moxa before the skin burns enough to scar."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3149",
              "display": "麥粒灸",
              "definition": "A direct moxibustion method using a wheat grain size moxa cone."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3150",
              "display": "間接灸；間隔灸，隔物灸",
              "definition": "A method to place some insulated materials between the moxa cone and the skin."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3151",
              "display": "隔薑灸",
              "definition": "A method to place a fresh ginger slice between the moxa cone and the skin."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3152",
              "display": "隔蒜灸",
              "definition": "A method to place a fresh garlic slice or mashed garlic between the moxa cone and the skin."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3153",
              "display": "隔鹽灸",
              "definition": "A method to place some salt (usually at Shenque (Ren 8)) between the moxa cone and the skin."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3154",
              "display": "隔附子餅灸",
              "definition": "A method to place a monkshood cake between the moxa cone and the skin."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3155",
              "display": "艾條灸",
              "definition": "A method of indirect moxibustion where an ignited moxa stick or roll passes over a selected area without directly touching the surface to warm the area."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3156",
              "display": "懸灸；懸起灸",
              "definition": "An indirect moxibustion method to hold a moxa stick above the skin during the treatment."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3157",
              "display": "溫和灸",
              "definition": "An indirect moxibustion method to keep the end of an ignited moxa stick at a fixed distance (2–3 cm) from the selected area, enabling a mild warm sensation."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3158",
              "display": "雀啄灸",
              "definition": "An indirect moxibustion method to place an ignited moxa stick near the selected area and move it up and down like a pecking bird."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3159",
              "display": "迴旋灸",
              "definition": "An indirect moxibustion method to keep the end of an ignited moxa stick at a fixed distance from the selected area and move it back and forth circularly."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3160",
              "display": "實按灸",
              "definition": "An indirect moxibustion method to place several layers of cloth or cotton paper on the selected area and then press the ignited end of a moxa stick to allow the heat to penetrate the skin."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3161",
              "display": "太乙神針",
              "definition": "An indirect moxibustion method to apply an ignited moxa stick to the selected area. The moxa stick is made of fine powder of Tan Xiang (Lignum Santali Albi), Shan Nai (Rhizoma Kaempferiae), Qiang Huo (Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii), Gui Zhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi), Mu Xiang (Radix Aucklandiae), Xiong Huang (Realgar), Bai Zhi (Radix Angelicae Dahuricae) and Xi Xin (Radix et Rhizoma Asari)."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3162",
              "display": "雷火神針",
              "definition": "An indirect moxibustion method to apply an ignited moxa stick to the selected area. The moxa stick is made of fine powder of Chen Xiang (Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum), Mu Xiang (Radix Aucklandiae), Ru Xiang (Olibanum), Yin Chen (Herba Artemisiae Scopariae), Qiang Huo (Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii), Gan Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis), Chuan Shan Jia (Squama Manitis), and She Xiang(Moschus)."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3163",
              "display": "溫針灸",
              "definition": "A method to fix a small section of moxa stick or cone onto the handle of an inserted needle prior to igniting."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3164",
              "display": "溫灸器灸",
              "definition": "A method to put moxa wool or stick into a metal box or canister, ignite and then place the box or canister over the selected area."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3165",
              "display": "燈火灸",
              "definition": "A method to apply a quick momentary touch to the selected area with an ignited oiled rush of Juncus."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3166",
              "display": "天灸；藥物發泡法",
              "definition": "A method to apply irritants to the selected area to produce congestion and blistering."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3167",
              "display": "穴位敷貼",
              "definition": "A method to apply warm or hot medicinal substances to acupuncture points."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3168",
              "display": "拔罐類"
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3169",
              "display": "拔罐法",
              "definition": "A therapeutic method to create negative pressure by consuming the air inside the cup with fire or other methods and then place the cup on the skin over the selected area."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3170",
              "display": "火罐法；火吸法",
              "definition": "A method to create negative pressure by introducing an ignited material inside the cup to consume the air, thereby enabling the cup to suck itself onto the skin. There are three different approaches: fire twinkling; fire throwing; and cotton sticking."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3171",
              "display": "閃火法",
              "definition": "A method to ignite an alcoholic cotton ball held with a forceps, place it inside the cup, quickly turn it around in one to two circles, take it out immediately, and place the cup on the selected area."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3172",
              "display": "投火法",
              "definition": "A method whereby an ignited paper is quickly flung into a cup to create a negative pressure on the selected area."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3173",
              "display": "貼棉法",
              "definition": "A method to stick an alcoholic cotton ball on the inner wall (the lower 1/3), ignite the cotton ball and quickly place the cup over the selected area."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3174",
              "display": "水罐法；水吸法",
              "definition": "A method to boil a cup in water to create negative pressure: to hold the boiled bamboo cup (the mouth facing downwards) with a forceps, cover the cup mouth with a towel to absorb the water in the cup, and then quickly place the cup over the selected area."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3175",
              "display": "留罐法",
              "definition": "Leave the cup in place after suction."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3176",
              "display": "走罐法",
              "definition": "A method to lubricate the cup mouth and selected area first and then slide the cup up and down while retaining its suction."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3177",
              "display": "閃罐法",
              "definition": "A method to rapidly place and remove the cup repeatedly over the selected area until the local skin becomes red."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3178",
              "display": "刺絡拔罐",
              "definition": "A method to prick the area to be treated with a three-edged needle or lancet and then suck out blood with a cup."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3179",
              "display": "留針拔罐；針罐",
              "definition": "A method to apply cupping to the centre of the site where a needle is retained."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3180",
              "display": "藥罐",
              "definition": "A boiling cup method to boil bamboo cups in medicinal liquid and then apply to the body."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3181",
              "display": "刮痧療法",
              "definition": "A method to scrape the skin repeatedly using a soup spoon or other smooth-edged instruments (such as horned animal bones, water buffalo horn or jade). The skin is often lubricated with massage oil or water."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3182",
              "display": "刮痧板",
              "definition": "Guasha tools are often made from buffalo horn, Bian-stone or jade."
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#3183",
          "display": "3.6 推拿類",
          "concept": [
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3184",
              "display": "推拿；按摩；按蹺；喬摩；案扤",
              "definition": "A Chinese medical therapy to apply manipulation to points or body areas for disease treatment and prevention as well as promoting health. Sometimes, patients are educated to exercise in addition to receiving treatment."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3185",
              "display": "推拿手法",
              "definition": "Specific, standardized methods and movements to treat/prevent diseases and benefit health. Tuina manipulations are supposed to be lasting, forceful, even, soft and penetrating to the deeper tissue."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3186",
              "display": "㨰法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to stick to the area to be treated with the fifth metacarpophalangeal joint and conduct back-and-forth rolling using the hypothenar eminence and the ulnar side of the back of the hand."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3187",
              "display": "滾法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to clench a fist to allow the distal phalanx bone of the thumb to be inside the fist, stick to the area to be treated with the proximal interphalangeal joints of the index, middle, ring and little fingers and then apply back- and-forth rolling manipulation."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3188",
              "display": "一指禪推法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to exert constant force on the area to be treated with the tip or the palmar side of the thumb through active swing of the forearm."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3189",
              "display": "一指禪偏鋒推法",
              "definition": "A variation of Yi Zhi Chan pushing manipulation using the radial side of the thumb."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3190",
              "display": "纏法",
              "definition": "A fast Yi Zhi Chan pushing manipulation with a frequency of more than 220 times/min."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3191",
              "display": "跪推法",
              "definition": "A variation of Yi Zhi Chan pushing manipulation with the radial or dorsal side of the interphalangeal joint of the thumb."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3192",
              "display": "魚際揉法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to knead and exert force on the area to be treated with the great thenar eminence through rhythmic swing of the forearm."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3193",
              "display": "揉法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to apply perpendicular pressure to the surface of the body with the fingers, palms or elbows. The pressure is supposed to reach subcutaneous tissues. It includes kneading with the finger, kneading with the palm and kneading with the forearm."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3194",
              "display": "摩法",
              "definition": "A Tuina manipulation to rub the area to be treated circularly with the fingers or palms."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3195",
              "display": "推法",
              "definition": "A one-way linear pushing manipulation with the fingers, palms, or elbows."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3196",
              "display": "刨推法",
              "definition": "A pushing manipulation with the Hukou area (formed between the thumb and index finger)."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3197",
              "display": "刮法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to scrape with the radial side of the index finger, on the back of the interphalangeal joint of the index finger. Alternatively, scraping can be done with tools such as spoons or coins."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3198",
              "display": "擦法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to apply linear rubbing with the hypothenar, great thenar, palms or fingers."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3199",
              "display": "抹法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to apply top-down, left-right or arch-shaped wiping with the palmar side of the thumbs or the palms."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3200",
              "display": "按法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to apply perpendicular pressure to the surface of the body with the palmar side of the fingers, palms or elbows. It is also one of the common diagnostic methods in tuina practice."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3201",
              "display": "點法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to apply perpendicular pressure to the surface of the body with finger tips, interphalangeal joints or elbows."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3202",
              "display": "壓法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to apply continuous, forceful pressure to the surface of the body with the palmar side of the thumbs, palms or elbows."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3203",
              "display": "抵法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to apply symmetrical pressure to the area to be treated with the fingers or palms."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3204",
              "display": "碟轉法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to apply rotating pressure to the area to be treated with the palms."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3205",
              "display": "拳頂法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to apply pressure to the area to be treated with a fist."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3206",
              "display": "捫法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to rub the palms and gently place (the warm palms) over the area to be treated."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3207",
              "display": "押法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to press the area to be treated with the palmar side of the thumbs."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3208",
              "display": "捏法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to apply coordinated pressure to the area to be treated with the thumb and the other four fingers."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3209",
              "display": "挪法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to place the palm over the area to be treated, grasp and lift the muscle either using the thumb and the other four fingers or exerting a symmetric force from the base of the palm and fingers, hold for a while and then shift forward to repeat the procedure."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3210",
              "display": "擰法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to clamp and release the area to be treated with flexed index finger and middle finger or with the thumb and flexed index finger."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3211",
              "display": "勾法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to place the index finger and middle finger together and flex into a hook, stick to the skin with the radial border of the middle phalanx of index finger and then apply continuous pushing and wiping manipulation."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3212",
              "display": "拿法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to pinch and knead the area to be treated with the thumb and the other four fingers."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3213",
              "display": "抓法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to grab and pinch the area to be treated with five fingertips."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3214",
              "display": "握法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to clutch and release the limb with the palm."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3215",
              "display": "搓法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to hold the limb with both hands/palms and apply alternating or back-and- forth twisting."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3216",
              "display": "理法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to apply rhythmic grasping and pinching of the limb."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3217",
              "display": "撚法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to hold the area to be treated with the thumb and index finger and apply back-and-forth twisting."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3218",
              "display": "撥法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to press the area to be treated with fingers or elbows and then apply perpendicular plucking force to the subcutaneous tissue."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3219",
              "display": "拍法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to pat the area to be treated with the palms or fingers."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3220",
              "display": "擊法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to knock the surface of the body with the fist, palms, fingers or mulberry sticks."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3221",
              "display": "啄法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to place the five fingers together and peck the area to be treated."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3222",
              "display": "叩法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to tap the area to be treated with the ulnar side of the little finger or a hollow fist."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3223",
              "display": "劈法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to chop the area between the fingers with the ulnar side of the palm."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3224",
              "display": "貫法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to place one palm over the area to be treated and percuss the dorsum of the hand with a hollow fist made by the other hand."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3225",
              "display": "彈法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to flip the area to be treated with fingernails or palmar sides of the fingers."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3226",
              "display": "抖法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to grasp the affected limb and apply small-amplitude radial shakings."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3227",
              "display": "振法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to press acupuncture points or certain body parts with the fingers or palms and apply fast, continuous vibration."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3228",
              "display": "搖法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to conduct passive rotation of the affected joint along the axis of motion."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3229",
              "display": "拔伸法；牽引法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to immobilize one end of the affected joint or limb and pull the other end along the longitudinal axis."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3230",
              "display": "勒法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to clamp the affected fingers or toes with the fingers and apply rapid pulling."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3231",
              "display": "屈伸法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to slowly and repeatedly flex and extend the joints to stretch the surrounding tissues, and increase the joint range of motion."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3232",
              "display": "扳法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to apply a sudden thrust force to the affected joint to produce passive rotation, flexion, extension, abduction and adduction."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3233",
              "display": "背法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to carry the patient on the back and apply traction, shaking, vibration and instant extension to the affected lumbar vertebrae."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3234",
              "display": "梳法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to place the palmar sides of the fingers over the area to be treated and apply soft, one-way combing."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3235",
              "display": "拂法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to brush or scrub the surface of the body with the fingers."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3236",
              "display": "捋法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to place the palm or fingers over the area to be treated, gradually push from the proximal end to the distal end, and then release the force quickly."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3237",
              "display": "掩法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to gently cover the area to be treated with the hand and remain still."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3238",
              "display": "捩法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to make a passive rotation of the joints."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3239",
              "display": "端法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to hold or lift the affected limb with one or both hands."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3240",
              "display": "摸法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to press the limbs or acupuncture points with fingers to help with diagnosis."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3241",
              "display": "提法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to lift the post-traumatic sunken bones or joints to normal position using one or both hands or with the help of a rope."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3242",
              "display": "攏法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to clamp and release the skin of the area to be treated with the ulnar aspects of both palms."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3243",
              "display": "擠法；挾按法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to squeeze both sides of the area to be treated with one or both hands."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3244",
              "display": "挽法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to pull or move the limbs of the patient."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3245",
              "display": "推拿複合手法類"
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3246",
              "display": "按揉法",
              "definition": "A compound tuina manipulation composed of pressing and kneading manipulations."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3247",
              "display": "拿揉法",
              "definition": "A compound tuina manipulation composed of grasping and kneading manipulations."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3248",
              "display": "推摩法",
              "definition": "A compound tuina manipulation composed of Yi Zhi Chan pushing using the radial side of the thumb and rubbing circularly with the other four fingers."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3249",
              "display": "牽抖法",
              "definition": "A compound tuina manipulation composed of pulling-stretching and shaking manipulations."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3250",
              "display": "揉捏法",
              "definition": "A compound tuina manipulation composed of kneading and pinching manipulations."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3251",
              "display": "提彈法",
              "definition": "A compound tuina manipulation composed of tendon-flicking and muscle plucking manipulations."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3252",
              "display": "彈筋法",
              "definition": "A compound tuina manipulation composed of pinching and lifting manipulations."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3253",
              "display": "推揉法",
              "definition": "A compound tuina manipulation composed of Yi Zhi Chan pushing and kneading manipulation."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3254",
              "display": "推扳法",
              "definition": "A compound tuina manipulation composed of plucking and pulling manipulations."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3255",
              "display": "勾點法",
              "definition": "A compound tuina manipulation composed of hooking and point-pressing manipulations."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3256",
              "display": "掃散法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to push and scrub along the Shaoyang meridian in the temporal region using the radial side of the thumb and tips of the other four fingers."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3257",
              "display": "踩蹺法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to step with the feet on certain areas of the body."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3258",
              "display": "捏脊法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to pinch and lift the skin of the spine symmetrically with the thumb, index finger and middle finger or with the thumb and the other four fingers and release the force immediately. Move forward gradually and repeat the same procedure."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3259",
              "display": "點脊法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to press the bladder meridian on both sides of the spine."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3260",
              "display": "插法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to insert the fingers into the space between the scapula and thoracic wall. It is specifically used for gastroptosis."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3261",
              "display": "托法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to lift the affected area with one or both hands. It is commonly used for gastroptosis."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3262",
              "display": "抄法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation: Place the palms on the lower borders of the subcostal region and extend gradually to the low back, press and knead the soft tissues on both sides of the low back using the palmar sides of the fingers, lift the low back and abdomen and then swing to the left and right gently."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3263",
              "display": "封腰法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to place the thumbs and the middle fingers over the lumbar triangles on both sides and apply soft, gentle pressure."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3264",
              "display": "顫腰法",
              "definition": "A tuina manipulation to press the low back coupled with traction and stretching."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3265",
              "display": "脊柱推拿手法類",
              "definition": "Manipulations used on the spine to correct spinal subluxation and regulate the functions of the spine."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3266",
              "display": "推拿介質",
              "definition": "Lotions applied to the surface of the body for lubrication or treatment."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3267",
              "display": "推拿輔助器具類",
              "definition": "Supplementary tools to assist in tuina treatment and health care."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3268",
              "display": "桑枝棒",
              "definition": "An assistant tuina tool made of 12 specific mulberry branches based on certain requirements with a strong effect to unblock and circulate qi and blood. It is often used on the top of the head, chest and back, waist, hip and limbs."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3269",
              "display": "太平車",
              "definition": "An assistant tuina tool comprising an iron bar with five to six pieces of jade or sandalwood made into a chain of beads. The head and tail of the iron bar are folded. The appliance is connected to a short handle and can be held in the hand and the beads work like a rolling wheel. It is often used on the face, bone joints, etc."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3270",
              "display": "小兒推拿",
              "definition": "A type of tuina therapy based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, using specific manipulations on the meridians and collaterals and specific points on the surface of the body. It helps to prevent against diseases and benefit health through harmonizing Zang–Fu organs, yin, yang, qi and blood, strengthen the body and promote the healthy growth and development of children."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3271",
              "display": "少林內功",
              "definition": "A main training method in tuina exercise and a key part of Neigong tuina. It is originally a form of martial art to strengthen the body, but now becomes a distinctive method and school of self- exercise plus tuina treatment."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3272",
              "display": "易筋經",
              "definition": "A traditional health-building exercise to stretch the body, strengthen the sinews, bones and ligaments and regulate the meridians and zang–fu organs."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3273",
              "display": "其他推拿術語"
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3274",
              "display": "熱敷",
              "definition": "A common external therapy in Chinese medicine to treat diseases through heat stimulation."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3275",
              "display": "膏摩",
              "definition": "A therapeutic method to apply herbal ointment on the surface of the area to be treated, followed by tuina manipulations."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3276",
              "display": "推拿鎮痛",
              "definition": "One of the pain control methods in Chinese medicine by applying Tuina to reduce or control pain according to theories of Chinese medicine."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3277",
              "display": "健身推拿",
              "definition": "A tuina method for healthy people or people with suboptimal health to strengthen the body and help with disease prevention and treatment."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3278",
              "display": "美容推拿",
              "definition": "A type of tuina method to achieve healthier skin and slow down the ageing process of the skin."
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#3279",
          "display": "3.7 導引氣功",
          "concept": [
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3280",
              "display": "導引",
              "definition": "To guide qi to harmonize the body and stretch the body to make it soft. It aims to prevent and cure diseases and promote health through stretching exercise combined with breath and internal qi circulation."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3281",
              "display": "氣功",
              "definition": "An exercise method to regulate the body, breath and mind to achieve body-mind, man-society and man-nature harmonization. It cultivates the essence, qi and spirit internally and sinews, bones and body externally according to ancient Chinese philosophy."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3282",
              "display": "大周天",
              "definition": "Originated in Daoism, it refers to the second stage of internal alchemical process (i.e., to refine qi to spirit). This is performed on the basis of the small heavenly circle exercise and is believed that the large heavenly circle can connect spirit with qi, improve health and attain longevity."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3283",
              "display": "三關",
              "definition": "he three areas in the ascending path along the u meridian when internal qi circulates along he pathways of the Du and Ren meridians uring practicing the“small heavenly circle”(or microcosmic orbit”) meditation. They are rduous for internal qi to overcome and therefore alled“passes”or“barriers”.Alternatively, hey refer to the three steps in internal alchemy Neidan): refining the essence to qi; refining the i to spirit; and refining the spirit to emptiness. ome also use three passes to represent the ears, yes and mouth."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3284",
              "display": "和合四象",
              "definition": "A specific state in qigong practice that requires dropping the eyelids, listening to the silence, regulating breathing by focusing the eyes on the tip of the nose and closing the mouth. This state helps to remove distracting thoughts during qigong practice."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3285",
              "display": "恬淡虛無",
              "definition": "A state of peaceful inner joy and free from ego or desires. This principle on health cultivation was recorded in the Huang Di Nei Jing (Yellow Emperor’ s Internal Classic) and highly valued by generations of qigong masters."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3286",
              "display": "丹田呼吸",
              "definition": "A beneficial variation of natural breathing with the Dantian area. Unlike usual abdominal breathing, this breathing method does not need mental focus or external force."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3287",
              "display": "3.8 太極",
              "definition": "Taiji is an ancient Chinese philosophical term which represents the state of undifferentiated absolute and infinite potential; the oneness before duality, from which yin and yang, the basic polarity of the universe, originate. It has later become the highest conceivable principle about the generation, development and changes of all things in the universe. Taiji is often considered as the root and symbol of traditional Chinese culture. It has far-reaching impact on the Yi Jing (the Book of Changes), traditional Chinese medicine and taijiquan."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3288",
              "display": "太極拳",
              "definition": "An ancient Chinese martial art practiced for both defence training and health benefits. It is a combination of breathing, mental focus, and physical movements, whose intention is to cultivate the practitioner’ s internal qi. It is rooted in the philosophies of Confucianism, Daoism and Chinese medicine, and concepts of Taiji, yin-yang and the Five Elements."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3289",
              "display": "太極拳流派",
              "definition": "Major influential taijiquan styles include Chen style, yang style, Wú style, Wǔ style, Sun style and Zhaobao style."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3290",
              "display": "太極拳拳理",
              "definition": "The principles of taijiquan are based on its philosophical and medical meaning as well as practice requirements. They include Taiji theories, mnemonics and classics."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3291",
              "display": "拳決",
              "definition": "The tips or smart ways in Taiji practice. These include mnemonics for taijiquan, Taiji sword, Taiji spear, Taiji knife and Taiji pushing hands. These mnemonics are often vivid and conversational."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3292",
              "display": "拳譜",
              "definition": "A catalogue to record categories or systems. There are three types of Taiji manuals: 1) the names of sequenced Taiji skills and weapons routines/ forms; 2) Inheritance lineage; and 3) books on Taiji skills."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3293",
              "display": "拳經",
              "definition": "Classics/texts which are exclusively focussed on the essential principles that guide the practice of taijiquan."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3294",
              "display": "拳勢",
              "definition": "Intangible frame and rhythm, including physical moves, eye movement and connections or transitions between moves."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3295",
              "display": "內家拳",
              "definition": "It refers to Wudang martial arts (occupied with spiritual, mental or qi-related aspects), as opposed to Shaolin (external) martial arts (focused on physical aspects). There are three internal martial arts: taijiquan, xingyiquan (form- intention fist) and baguazhang (eight trigram palm)."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3296",
              "display": "盤架子",
              "definition": "A series of movements in Taiji practice."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3297",
              "display": "八面",
              "definition": "hese include four sides and four corners. If we onsider taijiquan as a 3-D ball, symmetrical elease of forces from eight directions (left, right, p, down and two diagonal angles) is essential o maintain the body equilibrium, known as the rounded force”."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3298",
              "display": "八體",
              "definition": "Vertex, crotch, heart, eyes, ears, hands, feet and waist."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3299",
              "display": "八不傳",
              "definition": "Those with no loyalty or filial piety; those with no humanistic spirit; those with evil intentions; those who are reckless and impulsive; those who are defiant and arrogant; those who are rude and disrespectful; those who are unpredictable; and those who care too much about gains and losses."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3300",
              "display": "四忌",
              "definition": "Avoid using strength to store qi; avoid expanding the chest or sinking the low back; avoid shrugging the shoulders or sinking the neck; avoid discontinuity in body moves."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3301",
              "display": "八要",
              "definition": "Relax the shoulders and sink the elbows; lift the vertex and issue force from the thighs; tap the teeth and touch the palate with the tongue; sink the chest and loosen the waist; move naturally; internal-external unity; yin-yang coordination; and stillness in movement."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3302",
              "display": "無極",
              "definition": "An ancient philosophical term, referring to the primordial universe prior to the Taiji (supreme ultimate). In Taiji practice, it has three extended meanings: 1) a relatively static state; 2) mental serenity before body moves in Taiji practice; 3) abdomen."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3303",
              "display": "兩儀",
              "definition": "An ancient philosophical term, referring to yin and yang. In Taiji practice, the two forms have three extended meanings: 1) movement and stillness; 2) symmetrical Taiji moves; 3) the two kidneys."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3304",
              "display": "三才",
              "definition": "An ancient philosophical term, referring to heaven, earth and man. In Taiji practice, it is used to represent head, hands and feet, further indicating the upper, middle and lower body parts."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3305",
              "display": "四象",
              "definition": "An ancient philosophical term. It has two meanings in Taiji: 1) upper and lower limbs; 2) four directions—front, back, left and right."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3306",
              "display": "體用",
              "definition": "These include health benefits and self-defence training. Health benefits are achieved through practicing taolu (solo hand and weapons routines/ forms). Self-defence training mainly refers to pushing hands sequences, which embody a variety of self-defence techniques."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3307",
              "display": "六合",
              "definition": "The six closings include three internal harmonies (intent, qi and strength) and three external ones (shoulder-hip, elbow-knee and hands-feet). These harmonies allow the movements to connect seamlessly and the force to be intact."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3308",
              "display": "太極圖",
              "definition": "A symbol or diagram in Chinese philosophy representing Taiji and its dualist aspects—yin and yang."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3309",
              "display": "虛領頂勁；提頂；頂頭懸；貫頂；懸頂",
              "definition": "The head is held as if suspended by a thread attached to the crown, at the point Baihui (Du20). This posture aims to avoid tension in the neck. In doing so, do not tilt the head from side to side, or up and down. The whole body is light and nimble when the head is suspended at the crown."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3310",
              "display": "沉肩墜肘",
              "definition": "Relax and drop down the shoulders, especially the acromion, or the point Jianjing (GB 21); at the same time, slightly flex and drop the elbow."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3311",
              "display": "護肫",
              "definition": "A technique to protect the stomach in Taiji practice. It produces a similar effect as dropping the elbow."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3312",
              "display": "展指坐腕",
              "definition": "xtend and relax the fingers naturally, slightly eparating them to form an arc or spiral at the ack of the hand. This enables the internal i to radiate to the fingers and is known as materializing in the hands and fingers”."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3313",
              "display": "兩膊相系",
              "definition": "During Taiji practice, the movement of one arm triggers corresponding movement in the other one, as if they are connected to each other by a cord."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3314",
              "display": "豎腕",
              "definition": "Keep the wrist and fingers in a vertical position (approximately 90º). However, it is advisable not to use force to bend the wrist."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3315",
              "display": "坐腕",
              "definition": "Drop and relax the wrist to allow the internal energy to reach the fingertips from the arm."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3316",
              "display": "鼓腕",
              "definition": "Pump the wrist to soften and relax the hands."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3317",
              "display": "直腕",
              "definition": "Make the wrist straight and flat."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3318",
              "display": "疊腕",
              "definition": "Place one wrist over the other."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3319",
              "display": "含胸拔背",
              "definition": "Intentionally relax the chest and back muscles and intercostal space. The shoulders should be naturally rounded to allow the chest to be slightly hollowed. To“raise the back”means to stretch the spine longitudinally and horizontally to allow the qi to stick to the back (so that one can use this qi to issue great power)."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3320",
              "display": "擴背",
              "definition": "Expanding the back is closely associated with sinking the chest. By sinking the chest, one will be able to expand the back naturally."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3321",
              "display": "松腰斂臀",
              "definition": "To relax the waist means to lift the coccyx and sink the points Shensu (BL 23) and Mingmen (DU 4). To tuck buttocks under means to slightly tuck in the buttocks."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3322",
              "display": "弓腰收臀",
              "definition": "By sinking the waist in a relaxed sitting position, one will be able to tuck in the buttocks naturally."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3323",
              "display": "尾閭中正",
              "definition": "During Taiji practice, the coccyx needs to be kept upright at all times."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3324",
              "display": "尾閭收；提肛；吊襠；調襠",
              "definition": "To lift the anus, tuck in the coccyx and keep the body neutral. This helps to maintain balance and feel comfortable."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3325",
              "display": "上下一線",
              "definition": "To make Baihui (DU 20) and Huiyin (REN 1) vertically connected, in order to keep the upper body aligned and upright; and to connect Jianjing (GB 21) with Yongquan (KI 1) to keep the head and feet vertically connected."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3326",
              "display": "立身中正",
              "definition": "To keep the torso perpendicular to the ground and place the bodyweight over the supporting feet. This helps to keep the body stable."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3327",
              "display": "身肢放長",
              "definition": "To lengthen the torso through“holding the head as if suspended from above”.To extend the arms through sinking the shoulders and dropping the elbows. To lengthen the legs through relaxing the waist, opening the hips and flexing the knees."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3328",
              "display": "一身備五弓",
              "definition": "The five bows include the torso, both hands and both feet. The body bow uses the waist as the handle and uses Yamen (DU 15) and coccyx as the tips. The hand bow uses the elbow as the handle and uses the wrist and clavicle as the tips. The foot bow uses the knee as the handle and uses the hip and heel as the tips."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3329",
              "display": "泛臀",
              "definition": "To attempt to float the buttocks before issuing internal energy."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3330",
              "display": "溜臀",
              "definition": "To relax and drop the buttocks when squatting down."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3331",
              "display": "斂臀",
              "definition": "To slightly tuck in the buttocks to facilitate the abdomen and relax the crotch. This helps to keep the body neutral and stable."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3332",
              "display": "圓襠",
              "definition": "To relax the hip joint, relax hip muscles and tuck in the femoral head. This enables the crotch to become round."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3333",
              "display": "縮胯",
              "definition": "To relax and, at the same time, tuck in the hips to enable the perineum to become a semicircle."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3334",
              "display": "裹襠",
              "definition": "To adduct the knees intentionally to protect the crotch. This helps to distinguish empty from solid, keep the lower body stable and increase the loading ability of the legs. This can also lengthen the legs."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3335",
              "display": "蕩襠",
              "definition": "A common error in Taiji practice. Slack crotch may cause energy to scatter."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3336",
              "display": "尖襠",
              "definition": "A common error in Taiji practice. A sharp-angled crotch may cause an inability to support the internal energy."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3337",
              "display": "敞襠",
              "definition": "A common error in Taiji practice. An open crotch (>90º) may cause an inability to obtain the internal energy."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3338",
              "display": "坐腿",
              "definition": "To appropriately flex the knee to enable the body weight to be placed on the flexed leg."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3339",
              "display": "開合",
              "definition": "Movement combination of the body, breathing and energy. The“opening”refers to eccentric movements of the arms, whereas the“closing” refers to concentric movements of the arms. Breathing in and releasing energy act to open, whereas breathing out and storing energy act to close."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3340",
              "display": "蓄髮",
              "definition": "To“store energy”means to relax muscles with mental focus. To“release energy”means to contract muscles and often combine with breathing."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3341",
              "display": "動靜",
              "definition": "A dynamic state in Taiji practice. Taiji movements are open, continuous and transitional like a river; however, they can also close and become static like mountains."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3342",
              "display": "快慢",
              "definition": "Taiji movements are relatively slower than other martial arts; the speed of movement varies among differing styles."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3343",
              "display": "虛實分清；虛實分明",
              "definition": "In Taiji practice, it is important to distinguish between fullness and emptiness all over the body (i.e. we must know exactly which part of our body is issuing power and which part is receiving it). As for the legs, the“empty”leg is never absolutely weightless, and the“full”leg does not have all the weight placed upon it."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3344",
              "display": "開合虛實",
              "definition": "The principles of Taiji exercise. The“opening” means to stretch, step forward, bend down and drop. The“closing”means to flex, step backward, raise and lift. The“empty”means absence of mental focus, supplementary force, relaxation and closing movements. The“solid”means presence of mental focus, major force point and opening movements."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3345",
              "display": "內外相合",
              "definition": "The coordination or harmony between mental intent and physical movement. The“unity”here means a perfect and natural combination between hands, feet and mental intent."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3346",
              "display": "上下相隨",
              "definition": "Coordinated movements of the upper and lower limbs as well as the torso. Hand movements, waist movements, leg movements, and even the eye movements — all are in one unified movement (The root is in the feet, released through the legs, controlled by the waist, and materialized in the hands and fingers)."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3347",
              "display": "節節貫串",
              "definition": "This refers to successive movement of nine major joints throughout the body: neck, back, low back, hip, knee, ankle, shoulder, elbow and wrist."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3348",
              "display": "輕靈",
              "definition": "A distinctive feature of taijiquan. Mindfulness or“intent”guides the body movement and breathing; both breathing and internal qi are controlled by the mindfulness of the will. The “gentle”means to guide movements with intent instead of force. The“flexible”means to move the arms or legs with agility."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3349",
              "display": "一動無有不動",
              "definition": "The power is rooted in the feet, controlled by the waist, and manifested through the fingers, integrating the body as one harmonious unit."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3350",
              "display": "剛柔",
              "definition": "Force and changes of taijiquan. The“hard”refers to fast, short release of force in an attack, whereas the“soft”refers to slow, gentle and spiral moves in defence."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3351",
              "display": "方圓",
              "definition": "The two technical features of Taiji. The“square” refers to the force points, whereas the“round” refers to arc-shaped Taiji movements. The two features are unity of opposites."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3352",
              "display": "方圓相生",
              "definition": "The“square”refers to the hard power point that manifests in four sides and four corners. The “round”refers to the soft, circulating qi. The “square”originates from the“round”,and the “round”contains the“square”.There is“square” within the“round”and vice versa."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3353",
              "display": "十三勢",
              "definition": "These include eight force-releasing methods and five footwork methods. The eight force-releasing methods include four straight directions (Peng, Lǚ, Ji and An) and four diagonal directions (Cai, Lie, Zhou and Kao). The five footwork methods are called step forward, step backward, gaze (that is, focus your intention toward and move) to the left, gaze to the right, and central equilibrium."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3354",
              "display": "太極勁",
              "definition": "A collective term for a variety of power or energy developed through Taiji practice."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3355",
              "display": "中土常守",
              "definition": "he“Zhong”means the centre in direction. The Tu”means earth in five elements. Together hey mean the“centre”or body weight. In Taiji ractice, it is important to distinguish empty and ull in all body parts as well as the two legs."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3356",
              "display": "四兩撥千斤",
              "definition": "A force of four ounces deflects a thousand ounds’(i.e. to repel force effortlessly)."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3357",
              "display": "勁與力",
              "definition": "The“Jin”originally means strong and powerful. In Taiji practice, it refers to the cultivated, trained and flexible force that can change in power, direction, force point and force speed, in response to an opponent’ s attack."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3358",
              "display": "氣沉丹田",
              "definition": "To sink qi to Dantian, you need to keep the coccyx upright, sink the chest, relax the shoulders and suspend the crotch, and thus to guide qi down to the abdomen with intent."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3359",
              "display": "開呼合吸",
              "definition": "An essential principle in coordinated movements and breathing: breathe out when performing opening, solid, stretching, stepping forward, dropping, bending down, moving away, releasing, attacking or striking moves; and breathe in when performing closing, empty, sinking, flexing, stepping backward, lifting, moving back, raising, collecting, and softening moves."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3360",
              "display": "開吸合呼",
              "definition": "An essential principle in coordinated movements and breathing: breathe in when opening up the rib cage and breathe out when closing the rib cage."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3361",
              "display": "意氣運動",
              "definition": "A distinctive feature of taijiquan. The“intent” means to guide the body movement and breathing with mental intent. The“qi”means both breathing and internal qi are controlled by mental intent."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3362",
              "display": "神氣鼓蕩",
              "definition": "A distinctive feature of taijiquan. The“Shen” includes spirit and eye direction. The“qi” means breathing and internal qi move with body movement."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3363",
              "display": "太極九如",
              "definition": "The nine essentials in Taiji practice. These include: 1) keep the head upright as if suspended by a thread; 2) keep the coccyx upright as if pillared to the ground; 3) raise the upper back as if carrying a pot on the back ; 4) sink the chest like holding a tree; 5) suspend the crotch as if holding a ball; 6) relax the waist; 7) move the hands as if tearing cotton; 8) move the feet as if sailing a boat; and 9) move the legs as if pulling a string."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3364",
              "display": "鬆緊",
              "definition": "An important feature of Taiji practice. There is a saying that it takes at least 10 years to really understand Taiji. The key part is learning to cultivate internal energy through relaxation and stillness. It is necessary to avoid tension and mental stress before achieving relaxation in Taiji practice."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3365",
              "display": "齊四梢",
              "definition": "Intentionally projecting internal force through the tips of fingers and toes."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3366",
              "display": "功法",
              "definition": "Basic skills acquired through learning standard Taiji moves and pushing hands. These require continuous practice and include both psychological and physiological abilities."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3367",
              "display": "太極劍",
              "definition": "A weaponry (sword) form of Taiji practice, based on ancient fencing technique, coupled with fencing arts from other schools of martial arts."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3368",
              "display": "太極扇",
              "definition": "A combination of taijiquan and skills of playing with a fan. It moves or rotates the fan with intent and acts to benefit health, uplift the mood, and entertain yourself and others."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3369",
              "display": "太極槍",
              "definition": "A weaponry (spear) form of Taiji practice. The spear is long, sharp and easy to use. It is known as the“king of weapons”because of the significant military advantage it provides on battlefields."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3370",
              "display": "太極棍",
              "definition": "A Taiji practice, which uses a cane or stick as a weapon. The stick is known as the“head of weapons”.There were no standard Taiji cane forms before 1949, with the exception of the White Ape form in Chen style Taiji. After 1949, martial arts masters including Cui Yishi developed Taiji cane forms."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3371",
              "display": "太極推手",
              "definition": "Also known as hitting hands, kneading hands or crossing hands, pushing hands is a two-person training routine practiced in Taiji. It works to undo a person’ s natural instinct to resist force with force, teaching the body to yield to force and redirect it. There are mainly eight methods in practicing pushing hands: bing-warding off; lǚ-rolling back; ji-pressing; an-pushing; cai- plucking; lie-splitting; zhou- elbow striking; and kao-shoulder striking."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3372",
              "display": "掤勁",
              "definition": "Rising or expanding internal energy. With this energy, one feels the body is full of qi in all eight directions. During pushing hands, this energy allows you to create a buffer zone that prevents the first shock of an incoming attack and at the same time, enable you to defend, absorb or redirect the opponent’ s power."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3373",
              "display": "捋勁",
              "definition": "The use of force in a sideways direction, such as where we intercept and move with a forward directed attack, simultaneously diverting it slightly to one side and thus to empty space."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3374",
              "display": "擠勁",
              "definition": "Internal energy that projects forward from its source to prevent your opponent from issuing strength. During pushing hands, this energy radiates along the outside of the forearms and the back of the hands."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3375",
              "display": "按勁",
              "definition": "A forward and downward movement of energy. During pushing hands, this energy enables you to prevent your opponent from raising their arms or legs, and at the same time, allows you to stick to and redirect the opponent’ s power."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3376",
              "display": "采勁",
              "definition": "Internal energy that grasps or pulls the opponent’ s wrist or elbow downwards with the fingertips or palm."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3377",
              "display": "挒勁",
              "definition": "Internal energy to push or pluck forward. During pushing hands, this energy allows you to use a spiral motion to split the opponent’s body and destroy the opponent’ s balance."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3378",
              "display": "肘勁",
              "definition": "Internal energy that projects through the forearm rotation and tip of the elbow. During pushing hands, you can either defend the opponent’ s attack with the tip of your elbow. Alternatively, you can use one hand to stick to the opponent’ s hand and use flexed elbow of the other arm to spirally press the opponent’ s elbow and arm."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3379",
              "display": "靠勁",
              "definition": "Internal energy to squeeze forward with your shoulder, back and hip. During pushing hands, this energy allows you to push the opponent with your shoulder, back or hip."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3380",
              "display": "雙浮",
              "definition": "A wrong move in pushing hands."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3381",
              "display": "雙重",
              "definition": "Rigid, inflexible moves during pushing hands."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3382",
              "display": "雙輕",
              "definition": "Connection and transition between empty and solid moves."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3383",
              "display": "單重",
              "definition": "This is opposed to a stance with equal weight on both feet. Single weighted stance refers to the body weight focusing on one foot."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3384",
              "display": "掤法",
              "definition": "One of the eight methods in pushing hands: An upward circular movement, forward or backward, yielding or offsetting usually with the arms to disrupt the opponent’ s centre of gravity."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3385",
              "display": "捋法",
              "definition": "One of the eight methods in pushing hands: to apply sideways, circular yielding movement to the opponent’ s wrist with one hand and stick to the opponent’ s elbow with the other hand."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3386",
              "display": "擠法",
              "definition": "One of the eight methods in pushing hands: A pressing or squeezing offset in a direction away from the body, usually done with the back of the hand or outside edge of the forearm."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3387",
              "display": "采法",
              "definition": "One of the eight methods in pushing hands: to grasp the opponent’ s wrist or elbow downwards with the fingertips or palm."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3388",
              "display": "挒法",
              "definition": "One of the eight methods in pushing hands: to separate, to twist or to offset with a spiral motion, often while making immobile part of the body (such as a hand or leg) to split an opponent’ s body thereby destroying posture and balance."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3389",
              "display": "肘法",
              "definition": "One of the eight methods in pushing hands: to strike or push with the elbow."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3390",
              "display": "靠法",
              "definition": "One of the eight methods in pushing hands: to strike or push with the shoulder, upper back, arm or hip."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3391",
              "display": "粘走",
              "definition": "wo basic skills in the practice of Taiji pushing ands. To“adhere”means to get your opponent o follow you under your control; whereas to follow”means to obey your opponent’ s ntention by letting him think he can apply an pplication, which leads him to use force."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3392",
              "display": "太極刀",
              "definition": "A weaponry (broadsword) form of Taiji practice, which includes the philosophy, training and thirteen standard forms."
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#3393",
          "display": "3.9 情志療法",
          "definition": "Methods to treat disordered moods and emotions using Chinese medicine theories on emotions.",
          "concept": [
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3394",
              "display": "祝由法",
              "definition": "A psychotherapeutic treatment protocol that combines analysis of causative factors of mental- emotional disorders with prayer. These analyses and prayer treatments are based on emotion theories and psychological principles in Chinese medicine."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3395",
              "display": "情志相勝法",
              "definition": "A psychotherapeutic method that uses the mutual restraint cycle of five element theory in the treatment of mental-emotional disorders, during which the doctor intentionally arouses certain feelings in the patient that counteract their abnormal emotional state."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3396",
              "display": "悲勝怒",
              "definition": "An emotion therapy based on the restraining cycle of the five-element theory: sadness corresponds to metal; anger corresponds to wood; metal restrains wood; so sad feelings and language will subdue or release anger."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3397",
              "display": "怒勝思",
              "definition": "An emotion therapy based on the restraining cycle of the five-element theory: anger corresponds to wood; thinking corresponds to earth; and wood restrains earth; so provocation to elicit an angry response will relieve anxiety and over-thinking."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3398",
              "display": "思勝恐",
              "definition": "An emotion therapy based on the restraining cycle of the five-element theory: thinking corresponds to earth; fear corresponds to water; earth restrains water; so encouraging mental focus or meditation can help the patient ignore or forget fear."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3399",
              "display": "恐勝喜",
              "definition": "An emotion therapy based on the restraining cycle of the five-element theory: fear corresponds to water; joy corresponds to fire; water restrains fire; so eliciting a fearful response will restrain excess joy and euphoria."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3400",
              "display": "喜勝悲",
              "definition": "An emotion therapy based on the restraining cycle of the five-element theory: joy corresponds to fire; sadness corresponds to metal; fire restrains metal; and so happiness can overcome melancholy and sorrow."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3401",
              "display": "活套法",
              "definition": "Flexible psychotherapeutic methods that apply the mutual promotion or mutual restraint relationship among the five phases to different mental-emotional disorders. This idea was first mentioned in the Su Wen and later promulgated by Zhu Danxi."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3402",
              "display": "驚者平之法",
              "definition": "A method to treat mental-emotional diseases such as anxiety, panic and post-traumatic stress disorders. Under controlled conditions, by repeated exposure to the circumstance that trigger the patient’ s anxiety or traumatic response disorder, their adverse reaction is gradually lessened and normalized."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3403",
              "display": "五行音樂",
              "definition": "A method to use different qualities of the five musical tones (gong, shang, jiao, zheng and yu), related to the five elements in the treatment of mental disorders."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3404",
              "display": "意療法",
              "definition": "A method to treat mental disorders by communicating with the patient’ s self-image."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3405",
              "display": "五志",
              "definition": "Joy, anger, grief, excess thinking and fear."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3406",
              "display": "五志過極",
              "definition": "Pathological conditions that result from excessive mental activity impairing the essential qi of five zang organs and/or disturbing qi movement within zang–fu organs."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3407",
              "display": "驚則氣亂",
              "definition": "Sudden shock and fright disrupt the qi activity and causes qi movements to become confused and disorderly."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3408",
              "display": "恐則氣下",
              "definition": "Excess fear or an ongoing state of fearfulness causes qi to strongly descend."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3409",
              "display": "喜則氣緩",
              "definition": "Excess joy and/or euphoria cause qi to move too slowly and the qi movement becomes sluggish."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3410",
              "display": "悲則氣消",
              "definition": "Excess sorrow and grief weaken the qi."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3411",
              "display": "怒則氣上",
              "definition": "Rage and persistent anger cause disorderly ascending of the qi."
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "code": "WGM2#3412",
          "display": "3.10 其他",
          "concept": [
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3413",
              "display": "食療學",
              "definition": "The study of essential knowledge and use of diet as part of therapy."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3414",
              "display": "藥膳",
              "definition": "Food prepared in combination with Chinese herbs to benefit the health, where the selection of the herbs is based on the theories of Chinese medicine."
            },
            {
              "code": "WGM2#3415",
              "display": "食療；食治；食養；食補",
              "definition": "A therapeutic approach to harmonize qi and blood, balance yin and yang, prevent disease and benefit health, through the use of specifically tailored diets, where the properties of the food ingredients are guided by the theories of Chinese medicine."
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}