FHIR © HL7.org  |  Server Home  |  XIG Home  |  XIG Stats  |  Server Source  |  FHIR  

FHIR IG Statistics: Measure/CMS816FHIRHHHypo

Packagegov.healthit.ecqi.ecqms
Resource TypeMeasure
IdCMS816FHIRHHHypo
FHIR VersionR4
Sourcehttp://ecqi.healthit.gov/ecqms/https://build.fhir.org/ig/cqframework/ecqm-content-qicore-2025/Measure-CMS816FHIRHHHypo.html
URLhttps://madie.cms.gov/Measure/CMS816FHIRHHHypo
Version0.3.000
Statusactive
Date2025-06-19T19:11:04+00:00
NameCMS816FHIRHHHypo
TitleHospital Harm - Severe HypoglycemiaFHIR
DescriptionThe measure assesses the number of inpatient hospitalizations for patients age 18 and older who were administered at least one hypoglycemic medication during the encounter, who suffer the harm of a severe hypoglycemic event during the encounter
CopyrightLimited proprietary coding is contained in the Measure specifications for user convenience. Users of proprietary code sets should obtain all necessary licenses from the owners of the code sets. Mathematica disclaims all liability for use or accuracy of any third-party codes contained in the specifications. LOINC(R) copyright 2004-2024 Regenstrief Institute, Inc. This material contains SNOMED Clinical Terms(R) (SNOMED CT[R]) copyright 2004-2024 International Health Terminology Standards Development Organisation. ICD-10 copyright 2024 World Health Organization. All Rights Reserved.

Resources that use this resource

No resources found

Resources that this resource uses

No resources found

Narrative

Note: links and images are rebased to the (stated) source

Metadata
Title Hospital Harm - Severe HypoglycemiaFHIR
Version 0.3.000
Short Name CMS816FHIR
GUID (Version Independent) urn:uuid:1238aa6c-b533-4289-9ab9-8bb9900e9736
GUID (Version Specific) urn:uuid:d1776eec-2fd2-49f0-9edf-78131aea019e
CMS Identifier 816FHIR
CMS Consensus Based Entity Identifier 3503e
Effective Period 2026-01-01 through 2026-12-31
Steward (Publisher) Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)
Developer Mathematica
Description

The measure assesses the number of inpatient hospitalizations for patients age 18 and older who were administered at least one hypoglycemic medication during the encounter, who suffer the harm of a severe hypoglycemic event during the encounter
Copyright

Limited proprietary coding is contained in the Measure specifications for user convenience. Users of proprietary code sets should obtain all necessary licenses from the owners of the code sets. Mathematica disclaims all liability for use or accuracy of any third-party codes contained in the specifications.

LOINC(R) copyright 2004-2024 Regenstrief Institute, Inc. This material contains SNOMED Clinical Terms(R) (SNOMED CT[R]) copyright 2004-2024 International Health Terminology Standards Development Organisation. ICD-10 copyright 2024 World Health Organization. All Rights Reserved.
Disclaimer

This performance measure is not a clinical guideline and does not establish a standard of medical care, and has not been tested for all potential applications.

THE MEASURES AND SPECIFICATIONS ARE PROVIDED “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND.

Due to technical limitations, registered trademarks are indicated by (R) or [R] and unregistered trademarks are indicated by (TM) or [TM].
Rationale

This measure focuses on severe hypoglycemia as an outcome in the hospital inpatient setting. In a study published by the Office of the Inspector General (OIG), in 2018 adverse drug events represented 43% of all adverse events in hospitals among Medicare patients; of those events, hypoglycemia was among the top 5 adverse drug events (Office of the Inspector General, 2022).

Inpatient hypoglycemia can be life-threatening, and is associated with longer hospital stays and increased medical costs. Severe hypoglycemia (<40 mg/dL) occurs in 2–5% of hospitalized patients with diabetes mellitus, and medication-related hypoglycemic events are common causes of adverse drug events occurring in inpatient settings. Up to half of inpatient adverse drug events may be preventable, and recent studies show that rates of severe hypoglycemia vary across hospitals, suggesting opportunities for improved care (Santos et al., 2020). Rates of inpatient hypoglycemia events are considered an indicator of the quality of care provided by a hospital. Severe hypoglycemia events are largely avoidable by careful use of antihyperglycemic medication. Moreover, the rate of severe hypoglycemia varies across hospitals indicating an opportunity for improvement in care. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) identified insulin and other hypoglycemic agents as high alert medications and associated adverse events to be included as a measure in the Medicare Patient Safety Monitoring System (MPSMS) (Classen et al., 2021). Hypoglycemic events are an adverse outcome that can cause patients to experience drowsiness, confusion, anxiety, irritability, sweating, weakness, increased heart rate, uncontrollable trembling, as well as loss of consciousness and seizure (American Diabetes Association, 2022; Cruz, 2020). It has been found that fasting glucose levels <100 mg/dL are predictors of hypoglycemia within the next 24 hours (ElSayed et al., 2023).
Clinical Recommendation Statement

From Section 16, Diabetes Care in the Hospital in the Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes by the American Diabetes Association, (American Diabetes Association, 2024):

16.12 A hypoglycemia management protocol should be adopted and implemented by each hospital or hospital system. A plan for preventing and treating hypoglycemia should be established for each individual. Episodes of hypoglycemia in the hospital should be documented in the electronic health record and tracked for quality assessment and quality improvement.

16.13 Treatment plans should be reviewed and changed as necessary to prevent hypoglycemia when a blood glucose value of <70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) is documented.

A standardized hospital-wide, nurse-initiated hypoglycemia treatment protocol should be in place to immediately address blood glucose levels of <70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). In addition, individualized plans for preventing and treating hypoglycemia for each patient should also be developed. An American Diabetes Association consensus statement recommends that an individuals treatment plan be reviewed any time a blood glucose value of <70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) occurs, as this level often predict subsequent level 3 hypoglycemia. Episodes of hypoglycemia in the hospital should be documented in the EHR and tracked. A key strategy is embedding hypoglycemia treatment into all insulin and insulin infusion orders.

From the Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline on the Management of Hyperglycemia in Hospitalized Patients in Non-critical Care Setting (Korytkowski et al., 2022) as it relates to patients at high risk of hypoglycemia:

Recommendation 1.1 In adults with insulin-treated diabetes hospitalized for noncritical illness who are at high risk of hypoglycemia, we suggest the use of real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) with confirmatory bedside point-of-care blood glucose (POC-BG) monitoring for adjustments in insulin dosing rather than point-of-care blood glucose POC-BG testing alone in hospital settings where resources and training are available.

Recommendation 2.1 Management of patients with glucocorticoid (GC)-associated hyperglycemia requires ongoing BG monitoring with adjustment of insulin dosing. All therapies require safeguards to avoid hypoglycemia when doses of GCs are tapered or abruptly discontinued.

Recommendation 10.1
In adults with no prior history of diabetes hospitalized for noncritical illness with hyperglycemia [defined as BG > 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L)] during hospitalization, we suggest initial therapy with correctional insulin over scheduled insulin therapy (defined as basal or basal/bolus insulin) to maintain glucose targets in the range of 100 to 180 mg/dL (5.6 to 10.0 mmol/L). For patients with persistent hyperglycemia [≥2 POC-BG measurements ≥ 180 mg/dL (≥10.0 mmol/L) in a 24-hour period on correctional insulin alone], we suggest the addition of scheduled insulin therapy.

Recommendation 10.2 In adults with diabetes treated with diet or noninsulin diabetes medications prior to admission, we suggest initial therapy with correctional insulin or scheduled insulin therapy to maintain glucose targets in the range of 100 to 180 mg/dL (5.6 to 10.0 mmol/L). For hospitalized adults started on correctional insulin alone and with persistent hyperglycemia [≥2 point-of-care blood glucose (POC-BG) measurements ≥ 180 mg/dL in a 24-hour period (≥10.0 mmol/L)], we suggest addition of scheduled insulin therapy. We suggest initiation of scheduled insulin therapy for patients with confirmed admission blood glucose (BG) ≥ 180 mg/dL (≥10.0 mmol/L).

Recommendation 10.3 In adults with insulin-treated diabetes prior to admission who are hospitalized for noncritical illness, we recommend continuation of the scheduled insulin regimen modified for nutritional status and severity of illness to maintain glucose targets in the range of 100 to 180 mg/dL (5.6 to 10.0 mmol/L).

Remarks Reductions in the dose of basal insulin (by 10% to 20%) at time of hospitalization may be required for patients on basal heavy insulin regimens (defined as doses of basal insulin ≥ 0.6 to 1.0 units/kg/day), in which basal insulin is being used inappropriately to cover meal-related excursions in BG.
Citation

CITATION - American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee; 16. (2022). Diabetes Care in the Hospital: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2022. Diabetes Care 1 January 2022; 45 (Supplement_1): S244–S253. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc22-S016
Citation

CITATION - Classen, D. C. MD, MS; Munier, W. MD; Verzier, N. MSN, RN; Eldridge, N. MS; Hunt, D. MD; Metersky, M. MD,∥; Richards, C. MD, MPH; Wang, Y. PhD; Brady, P. J. MD, MPH; Helwig, A. MD; Battles, J. PhD. (2021). Measuring Patient Safety: The Medicare Patient Safety Monitoring System (Past, Present, and Future). Journal of Patient Safety: April 2021 - Volume 17 - Issue 3 - p e234-e240 doi: 10.1097/PTS.0000000000000322
Citation

CITATION - Cruz, P. (2020). Inpatient Hypoglycemia: The Challenge Remains. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2020;14(3):560-566. doi:10.1177/1932296820918540
Citation

CITATION - Korytkowski, M.T., Muniyappa, R., Antinori-Lent, K., Donihi, A.C., Drincic, A.T, Hirsch, I.B., Luger, A., McDonnell, M.E., Murad, M.H., Nielsen, C., Pegg, C., Rushakoff, R.J., Santesso, N., Umpierrez, G.E. (2022). Management of Hyperglycemia in Hospitalized Adult Patients in Non-Critical Care Settings: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 107, Issue 8, August 2022, Pages 2101–2128, https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgac278
Citation

CITATION - Office of Inspector General Adverse Events in Hospitals. (2022). A Quarter of Medicare Patients Experienced Harm in October 2018. https://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/OEI-06-18-00400.asp
Citation

CITATION - Santos, C.A.Q., Conover, C., Shehab, N., et al. (2020). Electronic Measurement of a Clinical Quality Measure for Inpatient Hypoglycemic Events: A Multicenter Validation Study. Med Care. 2020;58(10):927-933. doi:10.1097/MLR.0000000000001398
Guidance (Usage) Note the measure is currently confined to using mg/dL as the unit of measurement for glucose results. Glucose levels are determined by laboratory or point-of-care (POC) tests, including capillary/glucometer blood glucose tests, and by interstitial fluid specimens from continuous glucose monitors. Glucose test results from urine specimens are not considered. Millimoles per liter (mmol/L) should be converted to milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) for reporting this measure. This dQM is an episode-based measure. An episode is defined as each inpatient hospitalization or encounter that ends during the measurement period. This FHIR-based measure has been derived from the QDM-based measure: CMS816v5. Please refer to the HL7 QI-Core Implementation Guide (https://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/STU6/) for more information on QI-Core and mapping recommendations from QDM to QI-Core STU 6 (https://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/STU6/qdm-to-qicore.html).
Measure Group (Rate) (ID: Group_1)
Basis Encounter
Scoring Proportion
Type Outcome
Rate Aggregation None
Improvement Notation decrease
Initial Population ID: InitialPopulation_1
Description:

Inpatient hospitalizations that end during the measurement period for patients age 18 and older and at least one hypoglycemic medication administration starts during the encounter

Logic Definition: Initial Population
Denominator ID: Denominator_1
Description:

Equals Initial Population

Logic Definition: Denominator
Numerator ID: Numerator_1
Description:

Inpatient hospitalizations where a severe hypoglycemic event occurred during the encounter. A severe hypoglycemic event is: - A glucose result less than 40 mg/dL AND - A hypoglycemic medication was administered within 24 hours before the start of the severe hypoglycemic event (i.e., the glucose test with a result less than 40 mg/dL) AND -There was no subsequent repeat test for glucose with a result greater than 80 mg/dL within five minutes or less from the start of the initial glucose test with a result less than 40mg/dL Only one qualifying severe hypoglycemic event is counted in the numerator, and only one severe hypoglycemic event is counted per encounter. The 24-hour and 5-minute timeframes are based on the time the glucose was drawn, as this reflects the time the patient was experiencing that specific glucose level.

Logic Definition: Numerator
Supplemental Data Guidance For every patient evaluated by this measure also identify payer, race, ethnicity and sex
Supplemental Data Elements
Supplemental Data Element ID: sde-ethnicity
Usage Code: Supplemental Data
Description: SDE Ethnicity
Logic Definition: SDE Ethnicity
Supplemental Data Element ID: sde-payer
Usage Code: Supplemental Data
Description: SDE Payer
Logic Definition: SDE Payer
Supplemental Data Element ID: sde-race
Usage Code: Supplemental Data
Description: SDE Race
Logic Definition: SDE Race
Supplemental Data Element ID: sde-sex
Usage Code: Supplemental Data
Description: SDE Sex
Logic Definition: SDE Sex
Measure Logic
Primary Library CMS816FHIRHHHypo
Contents Population Criteria
Logic Definitions
Terminology
Dependencies
Data Requirements
Population Criteria
Measure Group (Rate) (ID: Group_1)
Initial Population 
define "Initial Population":
  "Encounter With Hypoglycemic Medication Administration"
Denominator 
define "Denominator":
  "Initial Population"
Numerator 
define "Numerator":
  "Encounter With Severe Hypoglycemic Harm Event"
Logic Definitions
Logic Definition Library Name: SupplementalDataElements 
define "SDE Sex":
  case
    when Patient.sex = '248153007' then "Male (finding)"
    when Patient.sex = '248152002' then "Female (finding)"
    else null
  end
Logic Definition Library Name: SupplementalDataElements 
define "SDE Payer":
  [Coverage: type in "Payer Type"] Payer
    return {
      code: Payer.type,
      period: Payer.period
    }
Logic Definition Library Name: SupplementalDataElements 
define "SDE Ethnicity":
  Patient.ethnicity E
    return Tuple {
      codes: { E.ombCategory } union E.detailed,
      display: E.text
    }
Logic Definition Library Name: SupplementalDataElements 
define "SDE Race":
  Patient.race R
    return Tuple {
      codes: R.ombCategory union R.detailed,
      display: R.text
    }
Logic Definition Library Name: CMS816FHIRHHHypo 
define "SDE Sex":
  SDE."SDE Sex"
Logic Definition Library Name: CMS816FHIRHHHypo 
define "Qualifying Encounter":
  ["Encounter": "Encounter Inpatient"] InpatientEncounter
    where AgeInYearsAt(date from start of InpatientEncounter.period) >= 18
      and InpatientEncounter.period ends during day of "Measurement Period"
      and InpatientEncounter.status = 'finished'
Logic Definition Library Name: CMS816FHIRHHHypo 
define "Hypoglycemic Medication Administration":
  ["MedicationAdministration": "Hypoglycemics Severe Hypoglycemia"] HypoMedication
    where HypoMedication.status = 'completed'
Logic Definition Library Name: CMS816FHIRHHHypo 
define "Encounter With Hypoglycemic Medication Administration":
  "Qualifying Encounter" InpatientHospitalization
    with "Hypoglycemic Medication Administration" HypoglycemicMedication
      such that HypoglycemicMedication.effective.toInterval ( ) starts during InpatientHospitalization.hospitalizationWithObservation ( )
Logic Definition Library Name: CMS816FHIRHHHypo 
define "Initial Population":
  "Encounter With Hypoglycemic Medication Administration"
Logic Definition Library Name: CMS816FHIRHHHypo 
define "Denominator":
  "Initial Population"
Logic Definition Library Name: CMS816FHIRHHHypo 
define "Glucose Test With Result Less Than 40":
  from
    "Denominator" InpatientHospitalization,
    "Hypoglycemic Medication Administration" HypoglycemicMedication,
    ["LaboratoryResultObservation": "Glucose Lab Test Mass Per Volume"] GlucoseTest
    let HospitalizationInterval: InpatientHospitalization.hospitalizationWithObservation ( ),
    HypoglycemicMedicationStart: HypoglycemicMedication.effective.toInterval ( ),
    GlucoseTestTime: GlucoseTest.effective.earliest ( )
    where GlucoseTestTime during HospitalizationInterval
      and GlucoseTest.status in { 'final', 'amended', 'corrected' }
      and GlucoseTest.value < 40 'mg/dL'
      and HypoglycemicMedicationStart starts 24 hours or less before or on GlucoseTestTime
    return GlucoseTest
Logic Definition Library Name: CMS816FHIRHHHypo 
define "Low Glucose Test Followed By Glucose Test Result Greater Than 80":
  from
    "Denominator" InpatientHospitalization,
    "Glucose Test With Result Less Than 40" LowGlucoseTest,
    ["LaboratoryResultObservation": "Glucose Lab Test Mass Per Volume"] FollowupGlucoseTest
    let GlucoseTestTime: LowGlucoseTest.effective.earliest ( ),
    FollowupGlucoseTestTime: FollowupGlucoseTest.effective.earliest ( )
    where FollowupGlucoseTestTime 5 minutes or less after GlucoseTestTime
      and GlucoseTestTime during InpatientHospitalization.hospitalizationWithObservation ( )
      and FollowupGlucoseTestTime during InpatientHospitalization.hospitalizationWithObservation ( )
      and FollowupGlucoseTest.id !~ LowGlucoseTest.id
      and FollowupGlucoseTest.status in { 'final', 'amended', 'corrected' }
      and FollowupGlucoseTest.value > 80 'mg/dL'
    return LowGlucoseTest
Logic Definition Library Name: CMS816FHIRHHHypo 
define "Severe Hypoglycemic Harm Event":
  "Glucose Test With Result Less Than 40" LowGlucoseTest
    where not ( LowGlucoseTest.id in "Low Glucose Test Followed By Glucose Test Result Greater Than 80".id )
Logic Definition Library Name: CMS816FHIRHHHypo 
define "Encounter With Severe Hypoglycemic Harm Event":
  from
    "Denominator" InpatientHospitalization,
    "Severe Hypoglycemic Harm Event" HypoglycemicEvent
    let GlucoseTestTime: HypoglycemicEvent.effective.earliest ( ),
    HospitalizationInterval: InpatientHospitalization.hospitalizationWithObservation ( )
    where GlucoseTestTime during HospitalizationInterval
    return InpatientHospitalization
Logic Definition Library Name: CMS816FHIRHHHypo 
define "Numerator":
  "Encounter With Severe Hypoglycemic Harm Event"
Logic Definition Library Name: CMS816FHIRHHHypo 
define "SDE Payer":
  SDE."SDE Payer"
Logic Definition Library Name: CMS816FHIRHHHypo 
define "SDE Ethnicity":
  SDE."SDE Ethnicity"
Logic Definition Library Name: CMS816FHIRHHHypo 
define "SDE Race":
  SDE."SDE Race"
Logic Definition Library Name: CQMCommon 
/*
@description: Hospitalization with Observation returns the total interval from the start of any immediately prior emergency department visit through the observation visit to the discharge of the given encounter
*/
define fluent function hospitalizationWithObservation(TheEncounter Encounter ):
  TheEncounter Visit
  		let ObsVisit: Last([Encounter: "Observation Services"] LastObs
  				where LastObs.status = 'finished'
            and LastObs.period ends 1 hour or less on or before start of Visit.period
  				sort by end of period
  			),
  			VisitStart: Coalesce(start of ObsVisit.period, start of Visit.period),
  			EDVisit: Last([Encounter: "Emergency Department Visit"] LastED
  				where LastED.status = 'finished'
            and LastED.period ends 1 hour or less on or before VisitStart
  				sort by end of period
  			)
  		return Interval[Coalesce(start of EDVisit.period, VisitStart), end of Visit.period]
Logic Definition Library Name: QICoreCommon 
/*
@description: Given an interval, return the starting point if the interval has a starting boundary specified,
otherwise, return the ending point
*/
define fluent function earliest(choice Choice<DateTime, Quantity, Interval<DateTime>, Interval<Quantity>> ):
  (choice.toInterval()) period
    return
      if (period."hasStart"()) then start of period
      else end of period
Logic Definition Library Name: QICoreCommon 
/*
@description: Given an interval, return true if the interval has a starting boundary specified
(i.e. the start of the interval is not null and not the minimum DateTime value)
*/
define fluent function hasStart(period Interval<DateTime> ):
  not ( start of period is null
      or start of period = minimum DateTime
  )
Logic Definition Library Name: FHIRHelpers 
define function ToString(value uri): value.value
Logic Definition Library Name: FHIRHelpers 
/*
@description: Converts the given [Period](https://hl7.org/fhir/datatypes.html#Period)
value to a CQL DateTime Interval
@comment: If the start value of the given period is unspecified, the starting
boundary of the resulting interval will be open (meaning the start of the interval
is unknown, as opposed to interpreted as the beginning of time).
*/
define function ToInterval(period FHIR.Period):
    if period is null then
        null
    else
        if period."start" is null then
            Interval(period."start".value, period."end".value]
        else
            Interval[period."start".value, period."end".value]
Logic Definition Library Name: FHIRHelpers 
/*
@description: Converts the given FHIR [Coding](https://hl7.org/fhir/datatypes.html#Coding) value to a CQL Code.
*/
define function ToCode(coding FHIR.Coding):
    if coding is null then
        null
    else
        System.Code {
          code: coding.code.value,
          system: coding.system.value,
          version: coding.version.value,
          display: coding.display.value
        }
Terminology
Code System Description: Code system SNOMEDCT
Resource: SNOMED CT (all versions)
Canonical URL: http://snomed.info/sct
Value Set Description: Value set Encounter Inpatient
Resource: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.666.5.307
Canonical URL: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.666.5.307
Value Set Description: Value set Hypoglycemics Severe Hypoglycemia
Resource: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1196.393
Canonical URL: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1196.393
Value Set Description: Value set Observation Services
Resource: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1111.143
Canonical URL: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1111.143
Value Set Description: Value set Emergency Department Visit
Resource: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.292
Canonical URL: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.292
Value Set Description: Value set Glucose Lab Test Mass Per Volume
Resource: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1248.34
Canonical URL: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1248.34
Value Set Description: Value set Payer Type
Resource: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.114222.4.11.3591
Canonical URL: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.114222.4.11.3591
Direct Reference Code Display: Male (finding)
Code: 248153007
System: http://snomed.info/sct
Direct Reference Code Display: Female (finding)
Code: 248152002
System: http://snomed.info/sct
Dependencies
Dependency Description: Library SDE
Resource: SupplementalDataElementsversion: null5.1.000)
Canonical URL: https://madie.cms.gov/Library/SupplementalDataElements|5.1.000
Dependency Description: Library FHIRHelpers
Resource: FHIRHelpersversion: null4.4.000)
Canonical URL: https://madie.cms.gov/Library/FHIRHelpers|4.4.000
Dependency Description: Library QICoreCommon
Resource: QICoreCommonversion: null4.0.000)
Canonical URL: https://madie.cms.gov/Library/QICoreCommon|4.0.000
Dependency Description: Library CQMCommon
Resource: CQMCommonversion: null4.1.000)
Canonical URL: https://madie.cms.gov/Library/CQMCommon|4.1.000
Data Requirements
Data Requirement Type: Patient
Profile(s): http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-patient
Must Support Elements: extension, url
Data Requirement Type: Encounter
Profile(s): http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-encounter
Must Support Elements: type, status, status.value, period
Code Filter(s):
Path: type
ValueSet: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1111.143
Data Requirement Type: Encounter
Profile(s): http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-encounter
Must Support Elements: type, status, status.value, period
Code Filter(s):
Path: type
ValueSet: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.292
Data Requirement Type: Encounter
Profile(s): http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-encounter
Must Support Elements: type, period, status, status.value
Code Filter(s):
Path: type
ValueSet: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.666.5.307
Data Requirement Type: MedicationAdministration
Profile(s): http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-medicationadministration
Must Support Elements: medication, status, status.value, effective
Code Filter(s):
Path: medication
ValueSet: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1196.393
Data Requirement Type: MedicationAdministration
Profile(s): http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-medicationadministration
Must Support Elements: medication.reference.value, status, status.value, effective
Data Requirement Type: Medication
Profile(s): http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-medication
Must Support Elements: id.value, code
Data Requirement Type: Observation
Profile(s): http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-observation-lab
Must Support Elements: code, effective, status, status.value, value, id, id.value
Code Filter(s):
Path: code
ValueSet: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1248.34
Data Requirement Type: Coverage
Profile(s): http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-coverage
Must Support Elements: type, period
Code Filter(s):
Path: type
ValueSet: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.114222.4.11.3591
Generated using version 0.4.8 of the sample-content-ig Liquid templates

Source

{
  "resourceType": "Measure",
  "id": "CMS816FHIRHHHypo",
  "meta": {
    "profile": [
      "http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/crmi/StructureDefinition/crmi-shareablemeasure",
      "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/computable-measure-cqfm",
      "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/publishable-measure-cqfm",
      "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/executable-measure-cqfm",
      "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cql-measure-cqfm",
      "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/elm-measure-cqfm",
      "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/proportion-measure-cqfm"
    ]
  },
  "text": {
    "status": "extensions",
    "div": "<!-- snip (see above) -->"
  },
  "contained": [
    {
      "resourceType": "Library",
      "id": "effective-data-requirements",
      "extension": [
        {
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-directReferenceCode",
          "valueCoding": {
            "system": "http://snomed.info/sct",
            "code": "248153007",
            "display": "Male (finding)"
          }
        },
        {
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-directReferenceCode",
          "valueCoding": {
            "system": "http://snomed.info/sct",
            "code": "248152002",
            "display": "Female (finding)"
          }
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "SupplementalDataElements"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "SDE Sex"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "define \"SDE Sex\":\n  case\n    when Patient.sex = '248153007' then \"Male (finding)\"\n    when Patient.sex = '248152002' then \"Female (finding)\"\n    else null\n  end"
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 0
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "CMS816FHIRHHHypo"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "SDE Sex"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "define \"SDE Sex\":\n  SDE.\"SDE Sex\""
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 1
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "CMS816FHIRHHHypo"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "Qualifying Encounter"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "define \"Qualifying Encounter\":\n  [\"Encounter\": \"Encounter Inpatient\"] InpatientEncounter\n    where AgeInYearsAt(date from start of InpatientEncounter.period) >= 18\n      and InpatientEncounter.period ends during day of \"Measurement Period\"\n      and InpatientEncounter.status = 'finished'"
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 2
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "CMS816FHIRHHHypo"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "Hypoglycemic Medication Administration"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "define \"Hypoglycemic Medication Administration\":\n  [\"MedicationAdministration\": \"Hypoglycemics Severe Hypoglycemia\"] HypoMedication\n    where HypoMedication.status = 'completed'"
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 3
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "CMS816FHIRHHHypo"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "Encounter With Hypoglycemic Medication Administration"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "define \"Encounter With Hypoglycemic Medication Administration\":\n  \"Qualifying Encounter\" InpatientHospitalization\n    with \"Hypoglycemic Medication Administration\" HypoglycemicMedication\n      such that HypoglycemicMedication.effective.toInterval ( ) starts during InpatientHospitalization.hospitalizationWithObservation ( )"
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 4
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "CMS816FHIRHHHypo"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "Initial Population"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "define \"Initial Population\":\n  \"Encounter With Hypoglycemic Medication Administration\""
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 5
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "CMS816FHIRHHHypo"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "Denominator"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "define \"Denominator\":\n  \"Initial Population\""
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 6
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "CMS816FHIRHHHypo"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "Glucose Test With Result Less Than 40"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "define \"Glucose Test With Result Less Than 40\":\n  from\n    \"Denominator\" InpatientHospitalization,\n    \"Hypoglycemic Medication Administration\" HypoglycemicMedication,\n    [\"LaboratoryResultObservation\": \"Glucose Lab Test Mass Per Volume\"] GlucoseTest\n    let HospitalizationInterval: InpatientHospitalization.hospitalizationWithObservation ( ),\n    HypoglycemicMedicationStart: HypoglycemicMedication.effective.toInterval ( ),\n    GlucoseTestTime: GlucoseTest.effective.earliest ( )\n    where GlucoseTestTime during HospitalizationInterval\n      and GlucoseTest.status in { 'final', 'amended', 'corrected' }\n      and GlucoseTest.value < 40 'mg/dL'\n      and HypoglycemicMedicationStart starts 24 hours or less before or on GlucoseTestTime\n    return GlucoseTest"
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 7
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "CMS816FHIRHHHypo"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "Low Glucose Test Followed By Glucose Test Result Greater Than 80"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "define \"Low Glucose Test Followed By Glucose Test Result Greater Than 80\":\n  from\n    \"Denominator\" InpatientHospitalization,\n    \"Glucose Test With Result Less Than 40\" LowGlucoseTest,\n    [\"LaboratoryResultObservation\": \"Glucose Lab Test Mass Per Volume\"] FollowupGlucoseTest\n    let GlucoseTestTime: LowGlucoseTest.effective.earliest ( ),\n    FollowupGlucoseTestTime: FollowupGlucoseTest.effective.earliest ( )\n    where FollowupGlucoseTestTime 5 minutes or less after GlucoseTestTime\n      and GlucoseTestTime during InpatientHospitalization.hospitalizationWithObservation ( )\n      and FollowupGlucoseTestTime during InpatientHospitalization.hospitalizationWithObservation ( )\n      and FollowupGlucoseTest.id !~ LowGlucoseTest.id\n      and FollowupGlucoseTest.status in { 'final', 'amended', 'corrected' }\n      and FollowupGlucoseTest.value > 80 'mg/dL'\n    return LowGlucoseTest"
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 8
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "CMS816FHIRHHHypo"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "Severe Hypoglycemic Harm Event"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "define \"Severe Hypoglycemic Harm Event\":\n  \"Glucose Test With Result Less Than 40\" LowGlucoseTest\n    where not ( LowGlucoseTest.id in \"Low Glucose Test Followed By Glucose Test Result Greater Than 80\".id )"
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 9
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "CMS816FHIRHHHypo"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "Encounter With Severe Hypoglycemic Harm Event"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "define \"Encounter With Severe Hypoglycemic Harm Event\":\n  from\n    \"Denominator\" InpatientHospitalization,\n    \"Severe Hypoglycemic Harm Event\" HypoglycemicEvent\n    let GlucoseTestTime: HypoglycemicEvent.effective.earliest ( ),\n    HospitalizationInterval: InpatientHospitalization.hospitalizationWithObservation ( )\n    where GlucoseTestTime during HospitalizationInterval\n    return InpatientHospitalization"
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 10
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "CMS816FHIRHHHypo"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "Numerator"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "define \"Numerator\":\n  \"Encounter With Severe Hypoglycemic Harm Event\""
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 11
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "SupplementalDataElements"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "SDE Payer"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "define \"SDE Payer\":\n  [Coverage: type in \"Payer Type\"] Payer\n    return {\n      code: Payer.type,\n      period: Payer.period\n    }"
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 12
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "CMS816FHIRHHHypo"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "SDE Payer"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "define \"SDE Payer\":\n  SDE.\"SDE Payer\""
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 13
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "SupplementalDataElements"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "SDE Ethnicity"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "define \"SDE Ethnicity\":\n  Patient.ethnicity E\n    return Tuple {\n      codes: { E.ombCategory } union E.detailed,\n      display: E.text\n    }"
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 14
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "CMS816FHIRHHHypo"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "SDE Ethnicity"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "define \"SDE Ethnicity\":\n  SDE.\"SDE Ethnicity\""
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 15
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "SupplementalDataElements"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "SDE Race"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "define \"SDE Race\":\n  Patient.race R\n    return Tuple {\n      codes: R.ombCategory union R.detailed,\n      display: R.text\n    }"
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 16
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "CMS816FHIRHHHypo"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "SDE Race"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "define \"SDE Race\":\n  SDE.\"SDE Race\""
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 17
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "FHIRHelpers"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "ToString"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "define function ToString(value uri): value.value"
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 18
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "FHIRHelpers"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "ToInterval"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "/*\n@description: Converts the given [Period](https://hl7.org/fhir/datatypes.html#Period)\nvalue to a CQL DateTime Interval\n@comment: If the start value of the given period is unspecified, the starting\nboundary of the resulting interval will be open (meaning the start of the interval\nis unknown, as opposed to interpreted as the beginning of time).\n*/\ndefine function ToInterval(period FHIR.Period):\n    if period is null then\n        null\n    else\n        if period.\"start\" is null then\n            Interval(period.\"start\".value, period.\"end\".value]\n        else\n            Interval[period.\"start\".value, period.\"end\".value]"
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 19
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "CQMCommon"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "hospitalizationWithObservation"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "/*\n@description: Hospitalization with Observation returns the total interval from the start of any immediately prior emergency department visit through the observation visit to the discharge of the given encounter\n*/\ndefine fluent function hospitalizationWithObservation(TheEncounter Encounter ):\n  TheEncounter Visit\n  \t\tlet ObsVisit: Last([Encounter: \"Observation Services\"] LastObs\n  \t\t\t\twhere LastObs.status = 'finished'\n            and LastObs.period ends 1 hour or less on or before start of Visit.period\n  \t\t\t\tsort by end of period\n  \t\t\t),\n  \t\t\tVisitStart: Coalesce(start of ObsVisit.period, start of Visit.period),\n  \t\t\tEDVisit: Last([Encounter: \"Emergency Department Visit\"] LastED\n  \t\t\t\twhere LastED.status = 'finished'\n            and LastED.period ends 1 hour or less on or before VisitStart\n  \t\t\t\tsort by end of period\n  \t\t\t)\n  \t\treturn Interval[Coalesce(start of EDVisit.period, VisitStart), end of Visit.period]"
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 20
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "QICoreCommon"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "earliest"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "/*\n@description: Given an interval, return the starting point if the interval has a starting boundary specified,\notherwise, return the ending point\n*/\ndefine fluent function earliest(choice Choice<DateTime, Quantity, Interval<DateTime>, Interval<Quantity>> ):\n  (choice.toInterval()) period\n    return\n      if (period.\"hasStart\"()) then start of period\n      else end of period"
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 21
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "QICoreCommon"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "hasStart"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "/*\n@description: Given an interval, return true if the interval has a starting boundary specified\n(i.e. the start of the interval is not null and not the minimum DateTime value)\n*/\ndefine fluent function hasStart(period Interval<DateTime> ):\n  not ( start of period is null\n      or start of period = minimum DateTime\n  )"
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 22
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "FHIRHelpers"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "ToCode"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "/*\n@description: Converts the given FHIR [Coding](https://hl7.org/fhir/datatypes.html#Coding) value to a CQL Code.\n*/\ndefine function ToCode(coding FHIR.Coding):\n    if coding is null then\n        null\n    else\n        System.Code {\n          code: coding.code.value,\n          system: coding.system.value,\n          version: coding.version.value,\n          display: coding.display.value\n        }"
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 23
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        }
      ],
      "name": "EffectiveDataRequirements",
      "status": "active",
      "type": {
        "coding": [
          {
            "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/library-type",
            "code": "module-definition"
          }
        ]
      },
      "relatedArtifact": [
        {
          "type": "depends-on",
          "display": "Library SDE",
          "resource": "https://madie.cms.gov/Library/SupplementalDataElements|5.1.000"
        },
        {
          "type": "depends-on",
          "display": "Library FHIRHelpers",
          "resource": "https://madie.cms.gov/Library/FHIRHelpers|4.4.000"
        },
        {
          "type": "depends-on",
          "display": "Library QICoreCommon",
          "resource": "https://madie.cms.gov/Library/QICoreCommon|4.0.000"
        },
        {
          "type": "depends-on",
          "display": "Library CQMCommon",
          "resource": "https://madie.cms.gov/Library/CQMCommon|4.1.000"
        },
        {
          "type": "depends-on",
          "display": "Code system SNOMEDCT",
          "resource": "http://snomed.info/sct"
        },
        {
          "type": "depends-on",
          "display": "Value set Encounter Inpatient",
          "resource": "http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.666.5.307"
        },
        {
          "type": "depends-on",
          "display": "Value set Hypoglycemics Severe Hypoglycemia",
          "resource": "http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1196.393"
        },
        {
          "type": "depends-on",
          "display": "Value set Observation Services",
          "resource": "http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1111.143"
        },
        {
          "type": "depends-on",
          "display": "Value set Emergency Department Visit",
          "resource": "http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.292"
        },
        {
          "type": "depends-on",
          "display": "Value set Glucose Lab Test Mass Per Volume",
          "resource": "http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1248.34"
        },
        {
          "type": "depends-on",
          "display": "Value set Payer Type",
          "resource": "http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.114222.4.11.3591"
        }
      ],
      "parameter": [
        {
          "name": "Measurement Period",
          "use": "in",
          "min": 0,
          "max": "1",
          "type": "Period"
        },
        {
          "name": "Numerator",
          "use": "out",
          "min": 0,
          "max": "*",
          "type": "Resource"
        },
        {
          "name": "Denominator",
          "use": "out",
          "min": 0,
          "max": "*",
          "type": "Resource"
        },
        {
          "name": "Initial Population",
          "use": "out",
          "min": 0,
          "max": "*",
          "type": "Resource"
        },
        {
          "name": "SDE Sex",
          "use": "out",
          "min": 0,
          "max": "1",
          "type": "Coding"
        },
        {
          "name": "SDE Payer",
          "use": "out",
          "min": 0,
          "max": "*",
          "type": "Resource"
        },
        {
          "name": "SDE Ethnicity",
          "use": "out",
          "min": 0,
          "max": "1",
          "type": "Resource"
        },
        {
          "name": "SDE Race",
          "use": "out",
          "min": 0,
          "max": "1",
          "type": "Resource"
        }
      ],
      "dataRequirement": [
        {
          "type": "Patient",
          "profile": [
            "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-patient"
          ],
          "mustSupport": [
            "extension",
            "url"
          ]
        },
        {
          "type": "Encounter",
          "profile": [
            "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-encounter"
          ],
          "mustSupport": [
            "type",
            "status",
            "status.value",
            "period"
          ],
          "codeFilter": [
            {
              "path": "type",
              "valueSet": "http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1111.143"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "type": "Encounter",
          "profile": [
            "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-encounter"
          ],
          "mustSupport": [
            "type",
            "status",
            "status.value",
            "period"
          ],
          "codeFilter": [
            {
              "path": "type",
              "valueSet": "http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.292"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "type": "Encounter",
          "profile": [
            "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-encounter"
          ],
          "mustSupport": [
            "type",
            "period",
            "status",
            "status.value"
          ],
          "codeFilter": [
            {
              "path": "type",
              "valueSet": "http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.666.5.307"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "type": "MedicationAdministration",
          "profile": [
            "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-medicationadministration"
          ],
          "mustSupport": [
            "medication",
            "status",
            "status.value",
            "effective"
          ],
          "codeFilter": [
            {
              "path": "medication",
              "valueSet": "http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1196.393"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "type": "MedicationAdministration",
          "profile": [
            "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-medicationadministration"
          ],
          "mustSupport": [
            "medication.reference.value",
            "status",
            "status.value",
            "effective"
          ]
        },
        {
          "type": "Medication",
          "profile": [
            "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-medication"
          ],
          "mustSupport": [
            "id.value",
            "code"
          ]
        },
        {
          "type": "Observation",
          "profile": [
            "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-observation-lab"
          ],
          "mustSupport": [
            "code",
            "effective",
            "status",
            "status.value",
            "value",
            "id",
            "id.value"
          ],
          "codeFilter": [
            {
              "path": "code",
              "valueSet": "http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1248.34"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "type": "Coverage",
          "profile": [
            "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-coverage"
          ],
          "mustSupport": [
            "type",
            "period"
          ],
          "codeFilter": [
            {
              "path": "type",
              "valueSet": "http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.114222.4.11.3591"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "extension": [
    {
      "id": "supplementalDataGuidance",
      "extension": [
        {
          "url": "guidance",
          "valueString": "For every patient evaluated by this measure also identify payer, race, ethnicity and sex\n "
        },
        {
          "url": "usage",
          "valueCodeableConcept": {
            "coding": [
              {
                "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-data-usage",
                "code": "supplemental-data",
                "display": "Supplemental Data"
              }
            ],
            "text": "Supplemental Data Guidance"
          }
        }
      ],
      "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-supplementalDataGuidance"
    },
    {
      "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/crmi/StructureDefinition/crmi-effectiveDataRequirements",
      "valueReference": {
        "reference": "#effective-data-requirements"
      }
    }
  ],
  "url": "https://madie.cms.gov/Measure/CMS816FHIRHHHypo",
  "identifier": [
    {
      "use": "usual",
      "type": {
        "coding": [
          {
            "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/artifact-identifier-type",
            "code": "short-name",
            "display": "Short Name"
          }
        ]
      },
      "system": "https://madie.cms.gov/measure/shortName",
      "value": "CMS816FHIR"
    },
    {
      "use": "official",
      "type": {
        "coding": [
          {
            "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/artifact-identifier-type",
            "code": "version-independent",
            "display": "Version Independent"
          }
        ]
      },
      "system": "urn:ietf:rfc:3986",
      "value": "urn:uuid:1238aa6c-b533-4289-9ab9-8bb9900e9736"
    },
    {
      "use": "official",
      "type": {
        "coding": [
          {
            "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/artifact-identifier-type",
            "code": "version-specific",
            "display": "Version Specific"
          }
        ]
      },
      "system": "urn:ietf:rfc:3986",
      "value": "urn:uuid:d1776eec-2fd2-49f0-9edf-78131aea019e"
    },
    {
      "use": "official",
      "type": {
        "coding": [
          {
            "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/artifact-identifier-type",
            "code": "endorser",
            "display": "Endorser"
          }
        ]
      },
      "system": "https://madie.cms.gov/measure/cbeId",
      "value": "3503e",
      "assigner": {
        "display": "CMS Consensus Based Entity"
      }
    },
    {
      "use": "official",
      "type": {
        "coding": [
          {
            "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/artifact-identifier-type",
            "code": "publisher",
            "display": "Publisher"
          }
        ]
      },
      "system": "https://madie.cms.gov/measure/cmsId",
      "value": "816FHIR",
      "assigner": {
        "display": "CMS"
      }
    }
  ],
  "version": "0.3.000",
  "name": "CMS816FHIRHHHypo",
  "title": "Hospital Harm - Severe HypoglycemiaFHIR",
  "status": "active",
  "experimental": false,
  "date": "2025-06-19T19:11:04+00:00",
  "publisher": "Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)",
  "contact": [
    {
      "telecom": [
        {
          "system": "url",
          "value": "https://www.cms.gov/"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "description": "The measure assesses the number of inpatient hospitalizations for patients age 18 and older who were administered at least one hypoglycemic medication during the encounter, who suffer the harm of a severe hypoglycemic event during the encounter",
  "usage": "Note the measure is currently confined to using mg/dL as the unit of measurement for glucose results.\n\nGlucose levels are determined by laboratory or point-of-care (POC) tests, including capillary/glucometer blood glucose tests, and by interstitial fluid specimens from continuous glucose monitors. Glucose test results from urine specimens are not considered.\n\nMillimoles per liter (mmol/L) should be converted to milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) for reporting this measure.\n\nThis dQM is an episode-based measure. An episode is defined as each inpatient hospitalization or encounter that ends during the measurement period.\n\nThis FHIR-based measure has been derived from the QDM-based measure: CMS816v5. Please refer to the HL7 QI-Core Implementation Guide (https://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/STU6/) for more information on QI-Core and mapping recommendations from QDM to QI-Core STU 6 (https://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/STU6/qdm-to-qicore.html).",
  "copyright": "Limited proprietary coding is contained in the Measure specifications for user convenience. Users of proprietary code sets should obtain all necessary licenses from the owners of the code sets. Mathematica disclaims all liability for use or accuracy of any third-party codes contained in the specifications. \n\nLOINC(R) copyright 2004-2024 Regenstrief Institute, Inc. This material contains SNOMED Clinical Terms(R) (SNOMED CT[R]) copyright 2004-2024 International Health Terminology Standards Development Organisation. ICD-10 copyright 2024 World Health Organization. All Rights Reserved.",
  "effectivePeriod": {
    "start": "2026-01-01",
    "end": "2026-12-31"
  },
  "author": [
    {
      "name": "Mathematica",
      "telecom": [
        {
          "system": "url",
          "value": "https://www.mathematica.org/"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "relatedArtifact": [
    {
      "type": "citation",
      "citation": "CITATION - American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee; 16. (2022). Diabetes Care in the Hospital: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2022. Diabetes Care 1 January 2022; 45 (Supplement_1): S244–S253.  https://doi.org/10.2337/dc22-S016\n"
    },
    {
      "type": "citation",
      "citation": "CITATION - Classen, D. C. MD, MS; Munier, W. MD; Verzier, N. MSN, RN; Eldridge, N. MS; Hunt, D. MD; Metersky, M. MD,∥; Richards, C. MD, MPH; Wang, Y. PhD; Brady, P. J. MD, MPH; Helwig, A. MD; Battles, J. PhD. (2021). Measuring Patient Safety: The Medicare Patient Safety Monitoring System (Past, Present, and Future). Journal of Patient Safety: April 2021 - Volume 17 - Issue 3 - p e234-e240\ndoi: 10.1097/PTS.0000000000000322\n"
    },
    {
      "type": "citation",
      "citation": "CITATION - Cruz, P. (2020). Inpatient Hypoglycemia: The Challenge Remains. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2020;14(3):560-566. doi:10.1177/1932296820918540\n"
    },
    {
      "type": "citation",
      "citation": "CITATION - Korytkowski, M.T., Muniyappa, R., Antinori-Lent, K., Donihi, A.C., Drincic, A.T, Hirsch, I.B., Luger, A., McDonnell, M.E., Murad, M.H., Nielsen, C., Pegg, C., Rushakoff, R.J., Santesso, N., Umpierrez, G.E. (2022). Management of Hyperglycemia in Hospitalized Adult Patients in Non-Critical Care Settings: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 107, Issue 8, August 2022, Pages 2101–2128,  https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgac278\n"
    },
    {
      "type": "citation",
      "citation": "CITATION - Office of Inspector General Adverse Events in Hospitals. (2022). A Quarter of Medicare Patients Experienced Harm in October 2018. https://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/OEI-06-18-00400.asp\n"
    },
    {
      "type": "citation",
      "citation": "CITATION - Santos, C.A.Q., Conover, C., Shehab, N., et al. (2020). Electronic Measurement of a Clinical Quality Measure for Inpatient Hypoglycemic Events: A Multicenter Validation Study. Med Care. 2020;58(10):927-933. doi:10.1097/MLR.0000000000001398\n"
    }
  ],
  "library": [
    "https://madie.cms.gov/Library/CMS816FHIRHHHypo"
  ],
  "disclaimer": "This performance measure is not a clinical guideline and does not establish a standard of medical care, and has not been tested for all potential applications.\n\nTHE MEASURES AND SPECIFICATIONS ARE PROVIDED “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND.\n\nDue to technical limitations, registered trademarks are indicated by (R) or [R] and unregistered trademarks are indicated by (TM) or [TM].",
  "rationale": "This measure focuses on severe hypoglycemia as an outcome in the hospital inpatient setting. In a study published by the Office of the Inspector General (OIG), in 2018 adverse drug events represented 43% of all adverse events in hospitals among Medicare patients; of those events, hypoglycemia was among the top 5 adverse drug events (Office of the Inspector General, 2022).\n\nInpatient hypoglycemia can be life-threatening, and is associated with longer hospital stays and increased medical costs. Severe hypoglycemia (<40 mg/dL) occurs in 2–5% of hospitalized patients with diabetes mellitus, and medication-related hypoglycemic events are common causes of adverse drug events occurring in inpatient settings. Up to half of inpatient adverse drug events may be preventable, and recent studies show that rates of severe hypoglycemia vary across hospitals, suggesting opportunities for improved care (Santos et al., 2020). Rates of inpatient hypoglycemia events are considered an indicator of the quality of care provided by a hospital. Severe hypoglycemia events are largely avoidable by careful use of antihyperglycemic medication. Moreover, the rate of severe hypoglycemia varies across hospitals indicating an opportunity for improvement in care. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) identified insulin and other hypoglycemic agents as high alert medications and associated adverse events to be included as a measure in the Medicare Patient Safety Monitoring System (MPSMS) (Classen et al., 2021). Hypoglycemic events are an adverse outcome that can cause patients to experience drowsiness, confusion, anxiety, irritability, sweating, weakness, increased heart rate, uncontrollable trembling, as well as loss of consciousness and seizure (American Diabetes Association, 2022; Cruz, 2020). It has been found that fasting glucose levels <100 mg/dL are predictors of hypoglycemia within the next 24 hours (ElSayed et al., 2023).",
  "clinicalRecommendationStatement": "From  Section 16, Diabetes Care in the Hospital in the Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes by the American Diabetes Association, (American Diabetes Association, 2024):\n\n16.12 A hypoglycemia management protocol should be adopted and implemented by each hospital or hospital system. A plan for preventing and treating hypoglycemia should be established for each individual. Episodes of hypoglycemia in the hospital should be documented in the electronic health record and tracked for quality assessment and quality improvement. \n\n16.13 Treatment plans should be reviewed and changed as necessary to prevent hypoglycemia when a blood glucose value of <70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) is documented.\n\nA standardized hospital-wide, nurse-initiated hypoglycemia treatment protocol should be in place to immediately address blood glucose levels of <70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). In addition, individualized plans for preventing and treating hypoglycemia for each patient should also be developed. An American Diabetes Association consensus statement recommends that an individuals treatment plan be reviewed any time a blood glucose value of <70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) occurs, as this level often predict subsequent level 3 hypoglycemia. Episodes of hypoglycemia in the hospital should be documented in the EHR and tracked. A key strategy is embedding hypoglycemia treatment into all insulin and insulin infusion orders.\n\nFrom the Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline on the Management of Hyperglycemia in Hospitalized Patients in Non-critical Care Setting (Korytkowski et al., 2022) as it relates to patients at high risk of hypoglycemia:\n\nRecommendation 1.1 \nIn adults with insulin-treated diabetes hospitalized for noncritical illness who are at high risk of hypoglycemia, we suggest the use of real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) with confirmatory bedside point-of-care blood glucose (POC-BG) monitoring for adjustments in insulin dosing rather than point-of-care blood glucose POC-BG testing alone in hospital settings where resources and training are available.\n\nRecommendation 2.1 \nManagement of patients with glucocorticoid (GC)-associated hyperglycemia requires ongoing BG monitoring with adjustment of insulin dosing. All therapies require safeguards to avoid hypoglycemia when doses of GCs are tapered or abruptly discontinued.\n\nRecommendation 10.1   \nIn adults with no prior history of diabetes hospitalized for noncritical illness with hyperglycemia [defined as BG > 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L)] during hospitalization, we suggest initial therapy with correctional insulin over scheduled insulin therapy (defined as basal or basal/bolus insulin) to maintain glucose targets in the range of 100 to 180 mg/dL (5.6 to 10.0 mmol/L). For patients with persistent hyperglycemia [≥2 POC-BG measurements ≥ 180 mg/dL (≥10.0 mmol/L) in a 24-hour period on correctional insulin alone], we suggest the addition of scheduled insulin therapy.\n\nRecommendation 10.2\nIn adults with diabetes treated with diet or noninsulin diabetes medications prior to admission, we suggest initial therapy with correctional insulin or scheduled insulin therapy to maintain glucose targets in the range of 100 to 180 mg/dL (5.6 to 10.0 mmol/L). For hospitalized adults started on correctional insulin alone and with persistent hyperglycemia [≥2 point-of-care blood glucose (POC-BG) measurements ≥ 180 mg/dL in a 24-hour period (≥10.0 mmol/L)], we suggest addition of scheduled insulin therapy. We suggest initiation of scheduled insulin therapy for patients with confirmed admission blood glucose (BG) ≥ 180 mg/dL (≥10.0 mmol/L). \n\nRecommendation 10.3\nIn adults with insulin-treated diabetes prior to admission who are hospitalized for noncritical illness, we recommend continuation of the scheduled insulin regimen modified for nutritional status and severity of illness to maintain glucose targets in the range of 100 to 180 mg/dL (5.6 to 10.0 mmol/L).\n\nRemarks\nReductions in the dose of basal insulin (by 10% to 20%) at time of hospitalization may be required for patients on basal heavy insulin regimens (defined as doses of basal insulin ≥ 0.6 to 1.0 units/kg/day), in which basal insulin is being used inappropriately to cover meal-related excursions in BG.",
  "group": [
    {
      "id": "Group_1",
      "extension": [
        {
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-scoring",
          "valueCodeableConcept": {
            "coding": [
              {
                "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-scoring",
                "code": "proportion",
                "display": "Proportion"
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-populationBasis",
          "valueCode": "Encounter"
        },
        {
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-type",
          "valueCodeableConcept": {
            "coding": [
              {
                "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-type",
                "code": "outcome",
                "display": "Outcome"
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-rateAggregation",
          "valueCode": "None"
        },
        {
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-improvementNotation",
          "valueCodeableConcept": {
            "coding": [
              {
                "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-improvement-notation",
                "code": "decrease",
                "display": "decrease"
              }
            ]
          }
        }
      ],
      "population": [
        {
          "id": "InitialPopulation_1",
          "code": {
            "coding": [
              {
                "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-population",
                "code": "initial-population",
                "display": "Initial Population"
              }
            ]
          },
          "description": "Inpatient hospitalizations that end during the measurement period for patients age 18 and older and at least one hypoglycemic medication administration starts during the encounter",
          "criteria": {
            "language": "text/cql-identifier",
            "expression": "Initial Population"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "Denominator_1",
          "code": {
            "coding": [
              {
                "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-population",
                "code": "denominator",
                "display": "Denominator"
              }
            ]
          },
          "description": "Equals Initial Population",
          "criteria": {
            "language": "text/cql-identifier",
            "expression": "Denominator"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "Numerator_1",
          "code": {
            "coding": [
              {
                "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-population",
                "code": "numerator",
                "display": "Numerator"
              }
            ]
          },
          "description": "Inpatient hospitalizations where a severe hypoglycemic event occurred during the encounter. A severe hypoglycemic event is:\n\n - A glucose result less than 40 mg/dL\nAND\n - A hypoglycemic medication was administered within 24 hours before the start of the severe hypoglycemic event (i.e., the glucose test with a result less than 40 mg/dL)\nAND\n -There was no subsequent repeat test for glucose with a result greater than 80 mg/dL within five minutes or less from the start of the initial glucose test with a result less than 40mg/dL\n\nOnly one qualifying severe hypoglycemic event is counted in the numerator, and only one severe hypoglycemic event is counted per encounter.\n\nThe 24-hour and 5-minute timeframes are based on the time the glucose was drawn, as this reflects the time the patient was experiencing that specific glucose level.",
          "criteria": {
            "language": "text/cql-identifier",
            "expression": "Numerator"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "supplementalData": [
    {
      "id": "sde-ethnicity",
      "usage": [
        {
          "coding": [
            {
              "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-data-usage",
              "code": "supplemental-data"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "description": "SDE Ethnicity",
      "criteria": {
        "language": "text/cql-identifier",
        "expression": "SDE Ethnicity"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "sde-payer",
      "usage": [
        {
          "coding": [
            {
              "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-data-usage",
              "code": "supplemental-data"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "description": "SDE Payer",
      "criteria": {
        "language": "text/cql-identifier",
        "expression": "SDE Payer"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "sde-race",
      "usage": [
        {
          "coding": [
            {
              "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-data-usage",
              "code": "supplemental-data"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "description": "SDE Race",
      "criteria": {
        "language": "text/cql-identifier",
        "expression": "SDE Race"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "sde-sex",
      "usage": [
        {
          "coding": [
            {
              "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-data-usage",
              "code": "supplemental-data"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "description": "SDE Sex",
      "criteria": {
        "language": "text/cql-identifier",
        "expression": "SDE Sex"
      }
    }
  ]
}