FHIR IG Statistics: Measure/CMS1206FHIRCTOQR

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Narrative

Note: links and images are rebased to the (stated) source

define "Initial Population":
  "Qualified Scan without Inpatient Encounter"

define "Denominator":
  "Qualified Scan with Values"

define "Denominator Exclusion":
  "Qualified Scan with Values" CTScanWithValues
    where ( CTScanWithValues.value as Concept ).codes contains "Full Body"

define "Numerator":
  "Qualified Scan with Values" CTScanWithValues
    where CTScanWithValues.ctScanQualifies ( )

define "SDE Sex":
  case
    when Patient.sex = '248153007' then "Male (finding)"
    when Patient.sex = '248152002' then "Female (finding)"
    else null
  end

define "SDE Payer":
  [Coverage: type in "Payer Type"] Payer
    return {
      code: Payer.type,
      period: Payer.period
    }

define "SDE Ethnicity":
  Patient.ethnicity E
    return Tuple {
      codes: { E.ombCategory } union E.detailed,
      display: E.text
    }

define "SDE Race":
  Patient.race R
    return Tuple {
      codes: R.ombCategory union R.detailed,
      display: R.text
    }

define "SDE Sex":
  SDE."SDE Sex"

define "Qualified Scan":
  [ObservationClinicalResult: "CT dose and image quality category"] CTScan
    where CTScan.effective.toInterval ( ) ends during day of "Measurement Period"
      and AgeInYearsAt(date from start of "Measurement Period") >= 18

define "Qualified Scan without Inpatient Encounter":
  "Qualified Scan" QualifiedCTScan
    without [Encounter: "Encounter Inpatient"] InpatientEncounter
      such that QualifiedCTScan.effective.toInterval ( ) starts during InpatientEncounter.period.toInterval ( )

define "Qualified Scan with Values":
  "Qualified Scan without Inpatient Encounter" CTScan
    where CTScan."globalNoiseValue" ( ) is not null
      and CTScan."sizeAdjustedValue" ( ) is not null
      and CTScan.value is not null

define "Numerator":
  "Qualified Scan with Values" CTScanWithValues
    where CTScanWithValues.ctScanQualifies ( )

define "Denominator":
  "Qualified Scan with Values"

define "SDE Payer":
  SDE."SDE Payer"

define "Initial Population":
  "Qualified Scan without Inpatient Encounter"

define "SDE Ethnicity":
  SDE."SDE Ethnicity"

define "Denominator Exclusion":
  "Qualified Scan with Values" CTScanWithValues
    where ( CTScanWithValues.value as Concept ).codes contains "Full Body"

define "SDE Race":
  SDE."SDE Race"

/*
@description: Normalizes a value that is a choice of timing-valued types to an equivalent interval
@comment: Normalizes a choice type of DateTime, Quanitty, Interval<DateTime>, or Interval<Quantity> types
to an equivalent interval. This selection of choice types is a superset of the majority of choice types that are used as possible
representations for timing-valued elements in QICore, allowing this function to be used across any resource.
The input can be provided as a DateTime, Quantity, Interval<DateTime> or Interval<Quantity>.
The intent of this function is to provide a clear and concise mechanism to treat single
elements that have multiple possible representations as intervals so that logic doesn't have to account
for the variability. More complex calculations (such as medication request period or dispense period
calculation) need specific guidance and consideration. That guidance may make use of this function, but
the focus of this function is on single element calculations where the semantics are unambiguous.
If the input is a DateTime, the result a DateTime Interval beginning and ending on that DateTime.
If the input is a Quantity, the quantity is expected to be a calendar-duration interpreted as an Age,
and the result is a DateTime Interval beginning on the Date the patient turned that age and ending immediately before one year later.
If the input is a DateTime Interval, the result is the input.
If the input is a Quantity Interval, the quantities are expected to be calendar-durations interpreted as an Age, and the result
is a DateTime Interval beginning on the date the patient turned the age given as the start of the quantity interval, and ending
immediately before one year later than the date the patient turned the age given as the end of the quantity interval.
If the input is a Timing, an error will be thrown indicating that Timing calculations are not implemented. Any other input will reslt in a null DateTime Interval
*/
define fluent function toInterval(choice Choice<DateTime, Quantity, Interval<DateTime>, Interval<Quantity>, Timing>):
  case
	  when choice is DateTime then
    	Interval[choice as DateTime, choice as DateTime]
		when choice is Interval<DateTime> then
  		choice as Interval<DateTime>
		when choice is Quantity then
		  Interval[Patient.birthDate + (choice as Quantity),
			  Patient.birthDate + (choice as Quantity) + 1 year)
		when choice is Interval<Quantity> then
		  Interval[Patient.birthDate + (choice.low as Quantity),
			  Patient.birthDate + (choice.high as Quantity) + 1 year)
		when choice is Timing then
      Message(null, true, 'NOT_IMPLEMENTED', 'Error', 'Calculation of an interval from a Timing value is not supported') as Interval<DateTime>
		else
			null as Interval<DateTime>
	end

/* Note since the units has a special character in it this must be escaped in the CQL */
define fluent function "globalNoiseValue"(Result ObservationClinicalResult ):
  singleton from ( Result.component C
      where Result.status in { 'final', 'amended', 'corrected' }
        and C.code ~ "Calculated CT global noise"
        and ( C.value as Quantity ).unit = '[hnsf\'U]'
      return (C.value as Quantity).value
  )

define fluent function "sizeAdjustedValue"(Result ObservationClinicalResult ):
  singleton from ( Result.component C
      where Result.status in { 'final', 'amended', 'corrected' }
        and C.code ~ "Calculated CT size-adjusted dose"
        and ( C.value as Quantity ).unit = 'mGy.cm'
      return (C.value as Quantity).value
  )

define fluent function "ctScanQualifies"(Result ObservationClinicalResult ):
  Result.qualifies("Abdomen and Pelvis Low Dose", 64, 598)
    or Result.qualifies("Abdomen and Pelvis Routine Dose", 29, 644)
    or Result.qualifies("Abdomen and Pelvis High Dose", 29, 1260)
    or Result.qualifies("Cardiac Low Dose", 55, 93)
    or Result.qualifies("Cardiac Routine Dose", 32, 576)
    or Result.qualifies("Chest Low Dose", 55, 377)
    or Result.qualifies("Chest Routine Dose", 49, 377)
    or Result.qualifies("Cardiac High Dose or Chest High Dose", 49, 1282)
    or Result.qualifies("Head Low Dose", 115, 582)
    or Result.qualifies("Head Routine Dose", 115, 1025)
    or Result.qualifies("Head High Dose", 115, 1832)
    or Result.qualifies("Extremity", 73, 320)
    or Result.qualifies("Neck or Cervical Spine", 25, 1260)
    or Result.qualifies("Thoracic or Lumbar Spine", 25, 1260)
    or Result.qualifies("Simultaneous Chest and Abdomen and Pelvis", 29, 1637)
    or Result.qualifies("Simultaneous Thoracic and Lumbar Spine", 25, 2520)
    or Result.qualifies("Simultaneous Head and Neck Routine Dose", 25, 2285)
    or Result.qualifies("Simultaneous Head and Neck High Dose", 25, 3092)

define fluent function "qualifies"(Result ObservationClinicalResult, code System.Code, noiseThreshold Decimal, sizeDoseThreshold Decimal ):
  (Result.value as Concept) ~ code
    and ( Result.globalNoiseValue() >= noiseThreshold
        or Result.sizeAdjustedValue() >= sizeDoseThreshold
    )

define function ToString(value uri): value.value

/*
@description: Converts the given [Period](https://hl7.org/fhir/datatypes.html#Period)
value to a CQL DateTime Interval
@comment: If the start value of the given period is unspecified, the starting
boundary of the resulting interval will be open (meaning the start of the interval
is unknown, as opposed to interpreted as the beginning of time).
*/
define function ToInterval(period FHIR.Period):
    if period is null then
        null
    else
        if period."start" is null then
            Interval(period."start".value, period."end".value]
        else
            Interval[period."start".value, period."end".value]

/*
@description: Converts the given FHIR [Coding](https://hl7.org/fhir/datatypes.html#Coding) value to a CQL Code.
*/
define function ToCode(coding FHIR.Coding):
    if coding is null then
        null
    else
        System.Code {
          code: coding.code.value,
          system: coding.system.value,
          version: coding.version.value,
          display: coding.display.value
        }

Source

{
  "resourceType": "Measure",
  "id": "CMS1206FHIRCTOQR",
  "meta": {
    "profile": [
      "http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/crmi/StructureDefinition/crmi-shareablemeasure",
      "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/computable-measure-cqfm",
      "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/publishable-measure-cqfm",
      "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/executable-measure-cqfm",
      "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cql-measure-cqfm",
      "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/elm-measure-cqfm",
      "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/proportion-measure-cqfm"
    ]
  },
  "text": {
    "status": "extensions",
    "div": "<!-- snip (see above) -->"
  },
  "contained": [
    {
      "resourceType": "Library",
      "id": "effective-data-requirements",
      "extension": [
        {
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-directReferenceCode",
          "valueCoding": {
            "system": "http://snomed.info/sct",
            "code": "248153007",
            "display": "Male (finding)"
          }
        },
        {
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-directReferenceCode",
          "valueCoding": {
            "system": "http://snomed.info/sct",
            "code": "248152002",
            "display": "Female (finding)"
          }
        },
        {
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-directReferenceCode",
          "valueCoding": {
            "system": "http://loinc.org",
            "code": "96914-7",
            "display": "CT dose and image quality category"
          }
        },
        {
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-directReferenceCode",
          "valueCoding": {
            "system": "http://loinc.org",
            "code": "96912-1",
            "display": "Calculated CT global noise"
          }
        },
        {
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-directReferenceCode",
          "valueCoding": {
            "system": "http://loinc.org",
            "code": "96913-9",
            "display": "Calculated CT size-adjusted dose"
          }
        },
        {
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-directReferenceCode",
          "valueCoding": {
            "system": "http://loinc.org",
            "code": "LA31752-1",
            "display": "Abdomen and Pelvis Low Dose"
          }
        },
        {
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-directReferenceCode",
          "valueCoding": {
            "system": "http://loinc.org",
            "code": "LA31753-9",
            "display": "Abdomen and Pelvis Routine Dose"
          }
        },
        {
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-directReferenceCode",
          "valueCoding": {
            "system": "http://loinc.org",
            "code": "LA31754-7",
            "display": "Abdomen and Pelvis High Dose"
          }
        },
        {
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-directReferenceCode",
          "valueCoding": {
            "system": "http://loinc.org",
            "code": "LA31755-4",
            "display": "Cardiac Low Dose"
          }
        },
        {
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-directReferenceCode",
          "valueCoding": {
            "system": "http://loinc.org",
            "code": "LA31756-2",
            "display": "Cardiac Routine Dose"
          }
        },
        {
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-directReferenceCode",
          "valueCoding": {
            "system": "http://loinc.org",
            "code": "LA31758-8",
            "display": "Chest Low Dose"
          }
        },
        {
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-directReferenceCode",
          "valueCoding": {
            "system": "http://loinc.org",
            "code": "LA31759-6",
            "display": "Chest Routine Dose"
          }
        },
        {
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-directReferenceCode",
          "valueCoding": {
            "system": "http://loinc.org",
            "code": "LA31761-2",
            "display": "Cardiac High Dose or Chest High Dose"
          }
        },
        {
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-directReferenceCode",
          "valueCoding": {
            "system": "http://loinc.org",
            "code": "LA31762-0",
            "display": "Head Low Dose"
          }
        },
        {
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-directReferenceCode",
          "valueCoding": {
            "system": "http://loinc.org",
            "code": "LA31763-8",
            "display": "Head Routine Dose"
          }
        },
        {
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-directReferenceCode",
          "valueCoding": {
            "system": "http://loinc.org",
            "code": "LA31764-6",
            "display": "Head High Dose"
          }
        },
        {
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-directReferenceCode",
          "valueCoding": {
            "system": "http://loinc.org",
            "code": "LA31765-3",
            "display": "Extremity"
          }
        },
        {
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-directReferenceCode",
          "valueCoding": {
            "system": "http://loinc.org",
            "code": "LA31766-1",
            "display": "Neck or Cervical Spine"
          }
        },
        {
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-directReferenceCode",
          "valueCoding": {
            "system": "http://loinc.org",
            "code": "LA31767-9",
            "display": "Thoracic or Lumbar Spine"
          }
        },
        {
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-directReferenceCode",
          "valueCoding": {
            "system": "http://loinc.org",
            "code": "LA31768-7",
            "display": "Simultaneous Chest and Abdomen and Pelvis"
          }
        },
        {
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-directReferenceCode",
          "valueCoding": {
            "system": "http://loinc.org",
            "code": "LA31851-1",
            "display": "Simultaneous Thoracic and Lumbar Spine"
          }
        },
        {
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-directReferenceCode",
          "valueCoding": {
            "system": "http://loinc.org",
            "code": "LA31769-5",
            "display": "Simultaneous Head and Neck Routine Dose"
          }
        },
        {
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-directReferenceCode",
          "valueCoding": {
            "system": "http://loinc.org",
            "code": "LA31770-3",
            "display": "Simultaneous Head and Neck High Dose"
          }
        },
        {
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-directReferenceCode",
          "valueCoding": {
            "system": "http://loinc.org",
            "code": "LA31771-1",
            "display": "Full Body"
          }
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "SupplementalDataElements"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "SDE Sex"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "define \"SDE Sex\":\n  case\n    when Patient.sex = '248153007' then \"Male (finding)\"\n    when Patient.sex = '248152002' then \"Female (finding)\"\n    else null\n  end"
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 0
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "CMS1206FHIRCTOQR"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "SDE Sex"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "define \"SDE Sex\":\n  SDE.\"SDE Sex\""
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 1
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "CMS1206FHIRCTOQR"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "Qualified Scan"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "define \"Qualified Scan\":\n  [ObservationClinicalResult: \"CT dose and image quality category\"] CTScan\n    where CTScan.effective.toInterval ( ) ends during day of \"Measurement Period\"\n      and AgeInYearsAt(date from start of \"Measurement Period\") >= 18"
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 2
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "CMS1206FHIRCTOQR"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "Qualified Scan without Inpatient Encounter"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "define \"Qualified Scan without Inpatient Encounter\":\n  \"Qualified Scan\" QualifiedCTScan\n    without [Encounter: \"Encounter Inpatient\"] InpatientEncounter\n      such that QualifiedCTScan.effective.toInterval ( ) starts during InpatientEncounter.period.toInterval ( )"
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 3
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "CMS1206FHIRCTOQR"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "Qualified Scan with Values"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "define \"Qualified Scan with Values\":\n  \"Qualified Scan without Inpatient Encounter\" CTScan\n    where CTScan.\"globalNoiseValue\" ( ) is not null\n      and CTScan.\"sizeAdjustedValue\" ( ) is not null\n      and CTScan.value is not null"
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 4
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "CMS1206FHIRCTOQR"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "Numerator"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "define \"Numerator\":\n  \"Qualified Scan with Values\" CTScanWithValues\n    where CTScanWithValues.ctScanQualifies ( )"
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 5
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "CMS1206FHIRCTOQR"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "Denominator"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "define \"Denominator\":\n  \"Qualified Scan with Values\""
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 6
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "SupplementalDataElements"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "SDE Payer"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "define \"SDE Payer\":\n  [Coverage: type in \"Payer Type\"] Payer\n    return {\n      code: Payer.type,\n      period: Payer.period\n    }"
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 7
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "CMS1206FHIRCTOQR"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "SDE Payer"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "define \"SDE Payer\":\n  SDE.\"SDE Payer\""
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 8
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "CMS1206FHIRCTOQR"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "Initial Population"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "define \"Initial Population\":\n  \"Qualified Scan without Inpatient Encounter\""
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 9
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "SupplementalDataElements"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "SDE Ethnicity"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "define \"SDE Ethnicity\":\n  Patient.ethnicity E\n    return Tuple {\n      codes: { E.ombCategory } union E.detailed,\n      display: E.text\n    }"
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 10
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "CMS1206FHIRCTOQR"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "SDE Ethnicity"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "define \"SDE Ethnicity\":\n  SDE.\"SDE Ethnicity\""
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 11
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "CMS1206FHIRCTOQR"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "Denominator Exclusion"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "define \"Denominator Exclusion\":\n  \"Qualified Scan with Values\" CTScanWithValues\n    where ( CTScanWithValues.value as Concept ).codes contains \"Full Body\""
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 12
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "SupplementalDataElements"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "SDE Race"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "define \"SDE Race\":\n  Patient.race R\n    return Tuple {\n      codes: R.ombCategory union R.detailed,\n      display: R.text\n    }"
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 13
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "CMS1206FHIRCTOQR"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "SDE Race"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "define \"SDE Race\":\n  SDE.\"SDE Race\""
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 14
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "FHIRHelpers"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "ToString"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "define function ToString(value uri): value.value"
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 15
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "QICoreCommon"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "toInterval"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "/*\n@description: Normalizes a value that is a choice of timing-valued types to an equivalent interval\n@comment: Normalizes a choice type of DateTime, Quanitty, Interval<DateTime>, or Interval<Quantity> types\nto an equivalent interval. This selection of choice types is a superset of the majority of choice types that are used as possible\nrepresentations for timing-valued elements in QICore, allowing this function to be used across any resource.\nThe input can be provided as a DateTime, Quantity, Interval<DateTime> or Interval<Quantity>.\nThe intent of this function is to provide a clear and concise mechanism to treat single\nelements that have multiple possible representations as intervals so that logic doesn't have to account\nfor the variability. More complex calculations (such as medication request period or dispense period\ncalculation) need specific guidance and consideration. That guidance may make use of this function, but\nthe focus of this function is on single element calculations where the semantics are unambiguous.\nIf the input is a DateTime, the result a DateTime Interval beginning and ending on that DateTime.\nIf the input is a Quantity, the quantity is expected to be a calendar-duration interpreted as an Age,\nand the result is a DateTime Interval beginning on the Date the patient turned that age and ending immediately before one year later.\nIf the input is a DateTime Interval, the result is the input.\nIf the input is a Quantity Interval, the quantities are expected to be calendar-durations interpreted as an Age, and the result\nis a DateTime Interval beginning on the date the patient turned the age given as the start of the quantity interval, and ending\nimmediately before one year later than the date the patient turned the age given as the end of the quantity interval.\nIf the input is a Timing, an error will be thrown indicating that Timing calculations are not implemented. Any other input will reslt in a null DateTime Interval\n*/\ndefine fluent function toInterval(choice Choice<DateTime, Quantity, Interval<DateTime>, Interval<Quantity>, Timing>):\n  case\n\t  when choice is DateTime then\n    \tInterval[choice as DateTime, choice as DateTime]\n\t\twhen choice is Interval<DateTime> then\n  \t\tchoice as Interval<DateTime>\n\t\twhen choice is Quantity then\n\t\t  Interval[Patient.birthDate + (choice as Quantity),\n\t\t\t  Patient.birthDate + (choice as Quantity) + 1 year)\n\t\twhen choice is Interval<Quantity> then\n\t\t  Interval[Patient.birthDate + (choice.low as Quantity),\n\t\t\t  Patient.birthDate + (choice.high as Quantity) + 1 year)\n\t\twhen choice is Timing then\n      Message(null, true, 'NOT_IMPLEMENTED', 'Error', 'Calculation of an interval from a Timing value is not supported') as Interval<DateTime>\n\t\telse\n\t\t\tnull as Interval<DateTime>\n\tend"
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 16
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "FHIRHelpers"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "ToInterval"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "/*\n@description: Converts the given [Period](https://hl7.org/fhir/datatypes.html#Period)\nvalue to a CQL DateTime Interval\n@comment: If the start value of the given period is unspecified, the starting\nboundary of the resulting interval will be open (meaning the start of the interval\nis unknown, as opposed to interpreted as the beginning of time).\n*/\ndefine function ToInterval(period FHIR.Period):\n    if period is null then\n        null\n    else\n        if period.\"start\" is null then\n            Interval(period.\"start\".value, period.\"end\".value]\n        else\n            Interval[period.\"start\".value, period.\"end\".value]"
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 17
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "AlaraCommonFunctions"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "globalNoiseValue"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "/* Note since the units has a special character in it this must be escaped in the CQL */\ndefine fluent function \"globalNoiseValue\"(Result ObservationClinicalResult ):\n  singleton from ( Result.component C\n      where Result.status in { 'final', 'amended', 'corrected' }\n        and C.code ~ \"Calculated CT global noise\"\n        and ( C.value as Quantity ).unit = '[hnsf\\'U]'\n      return (C.value as Quantity).value\n  )"
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 18
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "AlaraCommonFunctions"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "sizeAdjustedValue"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "define fluent function \"sizeAdjustedValue\"(Result ObservationClinicalResult ):\n  singleton from ( Result.component C\n      where Result.status in { 'final', 'amended', 'corrected' }\n        and C.code ~ \"Calculated CT size-adjusted dose\"\n        and ( C.value as Quantity ).unit = 'mGy.cm'\n      return (C.value as Quantity).value\n  )"
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 19
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "AlaraCommonFunctions"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "ctScanQualifies"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "define fluent function \"ctScanQualifies\"(Result ObservationClinicalResult ):\n  Result.qualifies(\"Abdomen and Pelvis Low Dose\", 64, 598)\n    or Result.qualifies(\"Abdomen and Pelvis Routine Dose\", 29, 644)\n    or Result.qualifies(\"Abdomen and Pelvis High Dose\", 29, 1260)\n    or Result.qualifies(\"Cardiac Low Dose\", 55, 93)\n    or Result.qualifies(\"Cardiac Routine Dose\", 32, 576)\n    or Result.qualifies(\"Chest Low Dose\", 55, 377)\n    or Result.qualifies(\"Chest Routine Dose\", 49, 377)\n    or Result.qualifies(\"Cardiac High Dose or Chest High Dose\", 49, 1282)\n    or Result.qualifies(\"Head Low Dose\", 115, 582)\n    or Result.qualifies(\"Head Routine Dose\", 115, 1025)\n    or Result.qualifies(\"Head High Dose\", 115, 1832)\n    or Result.qualifies(\"Extremity\", 73, 320)\n    or Result.qualifies(\"Neck or Cervical Spine\", 25, 1260)\n    or Result.qualifies(\"Thoracic or Lumbar Spine\", 25, 1260)\n    or Result.qualifies(\"Simultaneous Chest and Abdomen and Pelvis\", 29, 1637)\n    or Result.qualifies(\"Simultaneous Thoracic and Lumbar Spine\", 25, 2520)\n    or Result.qualifies(\"Simultaneous Head and Neck Routine Dose\", 25, 2285)\n    or Result.qualifies(\"Simultaneous Head and Neck High Dose\", 25, 3092)"
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 20
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "AlaraCommonFunctions"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "qualifies"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "define fluent function \"qualifies\"(Result ObservationClinicalResult, code System.Code, noiseThreshold Decimal, sizeDoseThreshold Decimal ):\n  (Result.value as Concept) ~ code\n    and ( Result.globalNoiseValue() >= noiseThreshold\n        or Result.sizeAdjustedValue() >= sizeDoseThreshold\n    )"
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 21
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        },
        {
          "extension": [
            {
              "url": "libraryName",
              "valueString": "FHIRHelpers"
            },
            {
              "url": "name",
              "valueString": "ToCode"
            },
            {
              "url": "statement",
              "valueString": "/*\n@description: Converts the given FHIR [Coding](https://hl7.org/fhir/datatypes.html#Coding) value to a CQL Code.\n*/\ndefine function ToCode(coding FHIR.Coding):\n    if coding is null then\n        null\n    else\n        System.Code {\n          code: coding.code.value,\n          system: coding.system.value,\n          version: coding.version.value,\n          display: coding.display.value\n        }"
            },
            {
              "url": "displaySequence",
              "valueInteger": 22
            }
          ],
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition"
        }
      ],
      "name": "EffectiveDataRequirements",
      "status": "active",
      "type": {
        "coding": [
          {
            "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/library-type",
            "code": "module-definition"
          }
        ]
      },
      "relatedArtifact": [
        {
          "type": "depends-on",
          "display": "Library SDE",
          "resource": "https://madie.cms.gov/Library/SupplementalDataElements|5.1.000"
        },
        {
          "type": "depends-on",
          "display": "Library FHIRHelpers",
          "resource": "https://madie.cms.gov/Library/FHIRHelpers|4.4.000"
        },
        {
          "type": "depends-on",
          "display": "Library QICoreCommon",
          "resource": "https://madie.cms.gov/Library/QICoreCommon|4.0.000"
        },
        {
          "type": "depends-on",
          "display": "Library AlaraCommon",
          "resource": "https://madie.cms.gov/Library/AlaraCommonFunctions|1.10.000"
        },
        {
          "type": "depends-on",
          "display": "Code system SNOMEDCT",
          "resource": "http://snomed.info/sct"
        },
        {
          "type": "depends-on",
          "display": "Code system LOINC",
          "resource": "http://loinc.org"
        },
        {
          "type": "depends-on",
          "display": "Value set Encounter Inpatient",
          "resource": "http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.666.5.307"
        },
        {
          "type": "depends-on",
          "display": "Value set Payer Type",
          "resource": "http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.114222.4.11.3591"
        }
      ],
      "parameter": [
        {
          "name": "Measurement Period",
          "use": "in",
          "min": 0,
          "max": "1",
          "type": "Period"
        },
        {
          "name": "Numerator",
          "use": "out",
          "min": 0,
          "max": "*",
          "type": "Resource"
        },
        {
          "name": "Denominator",
          "use": "out",
          "min": 0,
          "max": "*",
          "type": "Resource"
        },
        {
          "name": "Initial Population",
          "use": "out",
          "min": 0,
          "max": "*",
          "type": "Resource"
        },
        {
          "name": "Denominator Exclusion",
          "use": "out",
          "min": 0,
          "max": "*",
          "type": "Resource"
        },
        {
          "name": "SDE Sex",
          "use": "out",
          "min": 0,
          "max": "1",
          "type": "Coding"
        },
        {
          "name": "SDE Payer",
          "use": "out",
          "min": 0,
          "max": "*",
          "type": "Resource"
        },
        {
          "name": "SDE Ethnicity",
          "use": "out",
          "min": 0,
          "max": "1",
          "type": "Resource"
        },
        {
          "name": "SDE Race",
          "use": "out",
          "min": 0,
          "max": "1",
          "type": "Resource"
        }
      ],
      "dataRequirement": [
        {
          "type": "Patient",
          "profile": [
            "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-patient"
          ],
          "mustSupport": [
            "extension",
            "birthDate",
            "birthDate.value",
            "url"
          ]
        },
        {
          "type": "Observation",
          "profile": [
            "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-observation-clinical-result"
          ],
          "mustSupport": [
            "code",
            "effective",
            "value",
            "value.unit",
            "value.value",
            "value.codes"
          ],
          "codeFilter": [
            {
              "path": "code",
              "code": [
                {
                  "system": "http://loinc.org",
                  "code": "96914-7",
                  "display": "CT dose and image quality category"
                }
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "type": "Observation",
          "profile": [
            "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-observation-clinical-result"
          ],
          "mustSupport": [
            "status",
            "code",
            "value",
            "value.unit",
            "value.value",
            "value.codes",
            "status.value"
          ]
        },
        {
          "type": "Encounter",
          "profile": [
            "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-encounter"
          ],
          "mustSupport": [
            "type",
            "period"
          ],
          "codeFilter": [
            {
              "path": "type",
              "valueSet": "http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.666.5.307"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "type": "Coverage",
          "profile": [
            "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-coverage"
          ],
          "mustSupport": [
            "type",
            "period"
          ],
          "codeFilter": [
            {
              "path": "type",
              "valueSet": "http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.114222.4.11.3591"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "extension": [
    {
      "id": "supplementalDataGuidance",
      "extension": [
        {
          "url": "guidance",
          "valueString": "For every patient evaluated by this measure also identify payer, race, ethnicity and sex; SDE Ethnicity \n SDE Payer \n SDE Race \n SDE Sex \n "
        },
        {
          "url": "usage",
          "valueCodeableConcept": {
            "coding": [
              {
                "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-data-usage",
                "code": "supplemental-data",
                "display": "Supplemental Data"
              }
            ],
            "text": "Supplemental Data Guidance"
          }
        }
      ],
      "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-supplementalDataGuidance"
    },
    {
      "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/crmi/StructureDefinition/crmi-effectiveDataRequirements",
      "valueReference": {
        "reference": "#effective-data-requirements"
      }
    }
  ],
  "url": "https://madie.cms.gov/Measure/CMS1206FHIRCTOQR",
  "identifier": [
    {
      "use": "usual",
      "type": {
        "coding": [
          {
            "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/artifact-identifier-type",
            "code": "short-name",
            "display": "Short Name"
          }
        ]
      },
      "system": "https://madie.cms.gov/measure/shortName",
      "value": "CMS1206FHIR"
    },
    {
      "use": "official",
      "type": {
        "coding": [
          {
            "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/artifact-identifier-type",
            "code": "version-independent",
            "display": "Version Independent"
          }
        ]
      },
      "system": "urn:ietf:rfc:3986",
      "value": "urn:uuid:65c110b9-5f5f-46a5-a10c-81e1341f901f"
    },
    {
      "use": "official",
      "type": {
        "coding": [
          {
            "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/artifact-identifier-type",
            "code": "version-specific",
            "display": "Version Specific"
          }
        ]
      },
      "system": "urn:ietf:rfc:3986",
      "value": "urn:uuid:d3d0644e-1efb-4127-97f4-72f97a0986c6"
    },
    {
      "use": "official",
      "type": {
        "coding": [
          {
            "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/artifact-identifier-type",
            "code": "endorser",
            "display": "Endorser"
          }
        ]
      },
      "system": "https://madie.cms.gov/measure/cbeId",
      "value": "3663e",
      "assigner": {
        "display": "CMS Consensus Based Entity"
      }
    },
    {
      "use": "official",
      "type": {
        "coding": [
          {
            "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/artifact-identifier-type",
            "code": "publisher",
            "display": "Publisher"
          }
        ]
      },
      "system": "https://madie.cms.gov/measure/cmsId",
      "value": "1206FHIR",
      "assigner": {
        "display": "CMS"
      }
    }
  ],
  "version": "0.8.000",
  "name": "CMS1206FHIRCTOQR",
  "title": "Excessive Radiation Dose or Inadequate Image Quality for Diagnostic Computed Tomography in Adults - Facility OQR FHIR",
  "status": "active",
  "experimental": false,
  "date": "2025-06-11T14:44:41+00:00",
  "publisher": "Alara Imaging, Inc.",
  "contact": [
    {
      "telecom": [
        {
          "system": "url",
          "value": "https://www.alaracare.com/our-commitment"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "description": "This measure is an episode of care measure that provides a standardized method for monitoring the performance of diagnostic CT to discourage unnecessarily high radiation doses, a risk factor for cancer, while preserving image quality. This measure is expressed as a percentage of CT exams that are out-of-range based on having either excessive radiation dose or inadequate image quality relative to evidence-based thresholds based on the clinical indication for the exam. All diagnostic CT exams of specified anatomic sites performed in hospital non-inpatient care settings (including emergency settings) are eligible. This eCQM requires the use of additional software to access primary data elements stored within radiology electronic health records and translate them into data elements that can be ingested by this eCQM. Additional details are included in the Guidance field.",
  "usage": "The level of aggregation for this eCQM is the facility. A parallel eCQM measures CT exams aggregated at the level of the clinician or clinician group. A single CT exam may be simultaneously measured in both the Merit-based Incentive Payment System (MIPS) and one of the hospital reporting programs (inpatient or outpatient); however, a single exam cannot be measured in both the inpatient and outpatient hospital quality reporting programs. \n\nTRANSLATION SOFTWARE\n\nAs a radiology measure, the measure derives standardized data elements from structured fields within both the electronic health record (EHR) and the radiology electronic clinical data systems, including the Radiology Information System (RIS) and the Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS). Primary imaging data including Radiation Dose Structured Reports and image pixel data are stored in the PACS in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format, a universally adopted standard for medical imaging information. Because of limitations in their specifications and format, eCQMs cannot currently access and consume elements from these radiology sources in their original DICOM formats. Thus, translation software was developed to transform primary data into a format that the eCQM can consume. This eCQM requires the use of additional software (translation software) to access the primary data elements that are required for measure computation and translate them into data elements that can be ingested by this eCQM. The purpose of this translation software is to access and link these primary data elements with minimal site burden, assess each CT exam for eligibility based on initial population criteria, and generate the three data elements mapped to a clinical terminology for eCQM consumption: CT Dose and Image Quality Category, Calculated CT Size-Adjusted Dose, and Calculated CT Global Noise. The free translation software necessary to use this eCQM is written and maintained by Alara Imaging, Inc. However, any software vendor capable of calculating and reporting this eCQM in accordance with the measure’s specifications, including combining radiology data with electronic health system data, and transforming radiology data into a format compatible with eCQM reporting, may report this measure on behalf of hospitals and clinicians. \n\nCODING\n\nThe translation software will create three variables required for measure computation including the CT Dose and Image Quality Category (LOINC(R) Code 96914-7), the Calculated CT Global Noise (LOINC(R) Code 96912-1) and the Calculated CT Size-Adjusted Dose (LOINC(R) Code 96913-9). These variables are defined in the Definition field above. These transformed data elements can be stored in the EHR. \n\nMEASURE CALCULATION\n\nThe measure will evaluate each included CT exam based on allowable thresholds that are specified by the CT Dose and Image Quality Category. An exam is considered out of range if either the Calculated CT Global Noise or the Calculated CT Size-Adjusted Dose is out of range for the CT Dose and Image Quality Category. Exams will be evaluated against their corresponding threshold, shown below with the following format: [Category shorthand (=CT Dose and Image Quality Category), threshold for the Calculated CT Global Noise in Hounsfield units, threshold for the Calculated CT Size-Adjusted Dose in dose length product].\n\n[LA31752-1 (=Abdomen and Pelvis, Low Dose), 64, 598];\n[LA31753-9 (=Abdomen and Pelvis, Routine Dose), 29, 644];\n[LA31754-7 (=Abdomen and Pelvis, High Dose), 29, 1260];\n[LA31755-4 (=Cardiac Low Dose), 55, 93];\n[LA31756-2 (=Cardiac Routine Dose), 32, 576];\n[LA31758-8 (=Chest Low Dose), 55, 377];\n[LA31759-6 (=Chest Routine Dose), 49, 377];\n[LA31761-2 (=Chest High Dose or Cardiac High Dose), 49, 1282];\n[LA31762-0 (=Head Low Dose), 115, 582];\n[LA31763-8 (=Head Routine Dose), 115, 1025];\n[LA31764-6 (=Head High Dose), 115, 1832];\n[LA31765-3 (=Upper or Lower Extremity), 73, 320];\n[LA31766-1 (=Neck or Cervical Spine), 25, 1260];\n[LA31767-9 (=Thoracic or Lumbar Spine), 25, 1260];\n[LA31768-7 (=Combined Chest, Abdomen and Pelvis), 29, 1637];\n[LA31851-1 (=Combined Thoracic and Lumbar Spine), 25, 2520];\n[LA31769-5 (=Combined Head and Neck, Routine Dose), 25, 2285];\n[LA31770-3 (=Combined Head and Neck, High Dose), 25, 3092]\n\nEXCLUSIONS\n\nCT scans with missing patient age or missing CT Dose and Image Quality Category (LOINC(R) 96914-7) are excluded from the initial population. \nCT scans with a missing Calculated Global Noise value or a missing Calculated CT Size-Adjusted Dose value are not included in the denominator.\nCT scans assigned a CT Dose and Image Quality Category (LOINC(R) 96914-7) value using the LOINC(R) answer list (LL5824-9) of full body (LA31771-1) are excluded from the denominator. These exams are included in the initial population because they have a non-missing CT Dose and Image Quality Category but are then removed as a Denominator Exclusion in the eCQM because the value is full body, which reflects CT exams that cannot be categorized by anatomical area or by clinical indication, either because they are simultaneous exams of multiple body regions outside of four commonly encountered multiple region groupings, or because there is insufficient data for their classification based on the given diagnosis and procedure codes.\n\nThis eCQM is an episode-based measure and should be reported for each eligible CT scan performed in a hospital outpatient setting.\n\nThis FHIR-based measure has been derived from the QDM-based measure: CMS1206v3. Please refer to the HL7 QI-Core Implementation Guide (https://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/STU6/) for more information on QI-Core and mapping recommendations from QDM to QI-Core STU 6 (https://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/STU6/qdm-to-qicore.html).",
  "copyright": "The translation software was written and will be updated and maintained by Alara Imaging, Inc. and will be accessible by creating a secure account through Alara’s website.\n\nCopyright (C) 2025 Alara Imaging, Inc. All Rights Reserved. \n\nThis Measure and related data specifications are owned by Alara Imaging, Inc. Alara Imaging, Inc. is not responsible for any use of the Measure. Alara Imaging, Inc. makes no representations, warranties, or endorsement about the quality of any organization or physician that uses or reports performance measures and Alara Imaging, Inc. has no liability to anyone who relies on such measures or specifications.\n\nThe Measure can be reproduced and distributed, without modification, for noncommercial purposes (e.g., use by healthcare providers in connection with their practices). Commercial use is defined as the sale, licensing, or distribution of the Measure for commercial gain, or incorporation of the Measure into a product or service that is sold, licensed or distributed for commercial gain. All commercial uses or requests for modification must be approved by Alara Imaging, Inc. and are subject to a license at the discretion of Alara Imaging, Inc.\n\nLimited proprietary coding is contained in the Measure specifications for convenience. Users of the proprietary code sets should obtain all necessary licenses from the owners of these code sets. Alara Imaging disclaims all liability for use or accuracy of any third-party code contained in the specifications. CPT(R) contained in the Measure specifications is copyright 2004-2025 American Medical Association. LOINC(R) is copyright 2004-2025 Regenstrief Institute, Inc. SNOMED Clinical Terms(R) (SNOMED CT[R]) is copyright 2004-2025 International Health Terminology Standards Development Organisation. ICD-10 is copyright 2025 World Health Organization. All Rights Reserved. Due to technical limitations, registered trademarks are indicated by (R) or [R].",
  "effectivePeriod": {
    "start": "2026-01-01",
    "end": "2026-12-31"
  },
  "author": [
    {
      "name": "University of California San Francisco",
      "telecom": [
        {
          "system": "url",
          "value": "https://www.ucsf.edu/"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "relatedArtifact": [
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    },
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    },
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    },
    {
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    },
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      "citation": "CITATION - Writing Committee M, Hirshfeld JW, Jr., Ferrari VA, et al. 2018 ACC/HRS/NASCI/SCAI/SCCT Expert Consensus Document on Optimal Use of Ionizing Radiation in Cardiovascular Imaging: Best Practices for Safety and Effectiveness: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Task Force on Expert Consensus Decision Pathways. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018.\n"
    },
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      "citation": "CITATION - Writing Committee M, Hirshfeld JW, Jr., Ferrari VA, et al. 2018 ACC/HRS/NASCI/SCAI/SCCT Expert Consensus Document on Optimal Use of Ionizing Radiation in Cardiovascular Imaging-Best Practices for Safety and Effectiveness, Part 1: Radiation Physics and Radiation Biology. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018.\n"
    }
  ],
  "library": [
    "https://madie.cms.gov/Library/CMS1206FHIRCTOQR"
  ],
  "disclaimer": "The Measure is not a clinical guideline, does not establish a standard of medical care, and has not been tested for all potential applications.\n\nAlara Imaging, Inc., the University of California San Francisco, and its members and users shall not be responsible for any use or accuracy of the Measure or any code contained within the Measure. THE MEASURE AND SPECIFICATIONS ARE PROVIDED “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND.",
  "rationale": "Diagnostic imaging using CT occurs in more than a third of acute care hospitalizations in the U.S. (Vance et al., 2013) and greater than 90 million scans are performed annually in the U.S. (IMV, 2019). There is marked observed variation in the radiation doses used to perform these exams (Smith-Bindman et al., 2019). The inconsistency in how CT exams are performed represents a significant, unnecessary, and modifiable iatrogenic health risk, as there is extensive epidemiological and biological evidence that suggests exposure to radiation in the same range as that routinely delivered by CT increases a person's risk of developing cancer (Board of Radiation Effects, 2006; Hong, Han, Jung, & Kim, 2019). It is estimated that 2% (37,000) of the 1.8 million cancers diagnosed annually in the U.S. are caused by CT exams (Berrington de Gonzalez et al., 2009; NCI Cancer Statistics, 2020).\n\nThe measure focuses on reducing radiation dose in CT, an intermediate outcome directly and proportionally related to cancer prevention. As radiation dose is known to be directly related and proportional to future cancer risk (Board of Radiation Effects, 2006; Berrington de Gonzalez et al., 2009), any reduction in radiation exposure would be expected to lead to a proportional reduction in cancers. Research suggests that when healthcare organizations and clinicians are provided with a summary of their CT radiation doses, their subsequent doses can be reduced without changing the usefulness of these tests (Smith-Bindman, 2020).\n\nOn the basis of the current estimated number of CT scans performed annually in the U.S. (IMV, 2019), distribution in scan types and observed doses (Demb et al., 2017; Smith-Bindman et al., 2019), modeling of the cancer risk associated with CT at different ages of exposure (Berrington de Gonzalez et al., 2009), and costs of cancer care (Dieguez, Ferro, & Pyenson, 2017; Mariotto, Yabroff, Shao, Feuer, & Brown, 2011), an estimated 13,982 cancers could be prevented among Medicare beneficiaries annually, resulting in $1.86 billion to $5.21 billion annual cost savings. These cost calculations were supported by more recent data on cancer survivorship and costs, which yielded an estimated $3.04 billion dollars in annual costs savings to Medicare (Mariotto, 2020; NCI Office of Cancer Survivorship, 2022).",
  "clinicalRecommendationStatement": "The measure aligns with numerous evidence- and consensus-based clinical guidelines asking radiologists to track, optimize, and lower CT radiation doses, guidelines that have been written by the American College of Radiology (Kanal et al., 2017), cardiovascular imaging societies (Hirshfeld et al., 2018, references a, b and c noted below), Image Gently Alliance, an initiative begun by the American College of Radiology, the Radiological Society of North America, American Society of Radiologic Technologists, the American Association of Physicists in Medicine, and the Society of Pediatric Radiology, which dozens of U.S. and international organizations have joined as recently as 2020 (Image Gently Alliance, 2022), and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA, 2019).\n\nThis measure has been strongly supported by a Technical Expert Panel (TEP) comprising a diverse group of clinicians, patient advocates, and leaders of medical specialty societies, payers, and healthcare safety and accrediting organizations, all of whom were engaged through every stage of measure conceptualization, development, and testing. In assessing the face validity of the measure, 100% of TEP members agreed radiation dose and global noise are relevant metrics of CT quality, that size is an appropriate method of risk adjustment, and that performance on this measure of radiation dose and image quality as specified is a representation of quality.",
  "group": [
    {
      "id": "Group_1",
      "extension": [
        {
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-scoring",
          "valueCodeableConcept": {
            "coding": [
              {
                "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-scoring",
                "code": "proportion",
                "display": "Proportion"
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-populationBasis",
          "valueCode": "Observation"
        },
        {
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-type",
          "valueCodeableConcept": {
            "coding": [
              {
                "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-type",
                "code": "outcome",
                "display": "Outcome"
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-rateAggregation",
          "valueCode": "None"
        },
        {
          "url": "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-improvementNotation",
          "valueCodeableConcept": {
            "coding": [
              {
                "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-improvement-notation",
                "code": "increase",
                "display": "Increased score indicates improvement"
              }
            ]
          }
        }
      ],
      "description": "Patients aged 18 years and older that have a CT Dose and Image Quality Category and were not performed in a hospital inpatient setting",
      "population": [
        {
          "id": "InitialPopulation_1",
          "code": {
            "coding": [
              {
                "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-population",
                "code": "initial-population",
                "display": "Initial Population"
              }
            ]
          },
          "description": "All CT scans in adults aged 18 years and older at the start of the measurement period that have a CT Dose and Image Quality Category and were not performed in a hospital inpatient setting, that ends during the measurement period, and not part of an inpatient hospitalization.",
          "criteria": {
            "language": "text/cql-identifier",
            "expression": "Initial Population"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "Denominator_1",
          "code": {
            "coding": [
              {
                "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-population",
                "code": "denominator",
                "display": "Denominator"
              }
            ]
          },
          "description": "Equals Initial Population with a CT Dose and Image Quality Category, a Calculated Global Noise value, and a Calculated CT Size-Adjusted Dose value",
          "criteria": {
            "language": "text/cql-identifier",
            "expression": "Denominator"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "DenominatorExclusion_1",
          "code": {
            "coding": [
              {
                "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-population",
                "code": "denominator-exclusion",
                "display": "Denominator Exclusion"
              }
            ]
          },
          "description": "Denominator, where a CT scan with a CT Dose and Image Quality Category = full body",
          "criteria": {
            "language": "text/cql-identifier",
            "expression": "Denominator Exclusion"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "Numerator_1",
          "code": {
            "coding": [
              {
                "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-population",
                "code": "numerator",
                "display": "Numerator"
              }
            ]
          },
          "description": "Calculated CT Size-Adjusted Dose greater than or equal to a threshold specific to the CT Dose and Image Quality Category, or Calculated CT Global Noise value greater than or equal to a threshold specific to the CT Dose and Image Quality Category",
          "criteria": {
            "language": "text/cql-identifier",
            "expression": "Numerator"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "supplementalData": [
    {
      "id": "sde-ethnicity",
      "usage": [
        {
          "coding": [
            {
              "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-data-usage",
              "code": "supplemental-data"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "description": "SDE Ethnicity",
      "criteria": {
        "language": "text/cql-identifier",
        "expression": "SDE Ethnicity"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "sde-payer",
      "usage": [
        {
          "coding": [
            {
              "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-data-usage",
              "code": "supplemental-data"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "description": "SDE Payer",
      "criteria": {
        "language": "text/cql-identifier",
        "expression": "SDE Payer"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "sde-race",
      "usage": [
        {
          "coding": [
            {
              "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-data-usage",
              "code": "supplemental-data"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "description": "SDE Race",
      "criteria": {
        "language": "text/cql-identifier",
        "expression": "SDE Race"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "sde-sex",
      "usage": [
        {
          "coding": [
            {
              "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-data-usage",
              "code": "supplemental-data"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "description": "SDE Sex",
      "criteria": {
        "language": "text/cql-identifier",
        "expression": "SDE Sex"
      }
    }
  ]
}